Ukrainian Economy Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ ДЕРЖАВНИХ СТИМУЛІВ ДЛЯ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У ЦИФРОВУ ЕКОНОМІКУ

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the theoretical foundations and the development of practical recommendations regarding the study of the influence of state incentives on the attraction of investments in the digital economy. It was revealed that digital transformation requires a combination of infrastructure and investments. Given the definition of the concept of “incentive” as a reason or inducement that encourages parties to certain behavior or certain actions, currently in the legal context incentives are created through laws, regulations, financial subsidies or tax levers. It is noted that state incentives are used as tools to encourage desired behavior and achieve state policy goals. Systematized state incentives for attracting investments in the digital economy: state digitalization programs; withdrawal of digitalization investments from the tax base of companies; preferential tax rates and “tax holidays” (VAT, PnPP, personal income tax, EUV); preferential loans and grants; accelerated depreciation of fixed assets; exemption from payment of fees for infrastructure, real estate and land rent; innovative export insurance; public procurement of digital innovations. The analysis of state incentives for attracting investments in the digital economy of countries such as the USA, Great Britain, Luxembourg and Germany was carried out. For example, in the US – federal grant funding to support digital inclusion programs in states and territories. The UK encourages venture capital investment through schemes such as enterprise investment (EIS), investment in start-up enterprises (SEIS). Tax incentives for investments are widespread in Luxembourg. In Germany, the most common incentive is State programs aimed at influencing the investment behavior of businesses for the purpose of economic development. It has been determined that national digital competitiveness is the result of investment in education and the provision of the skills required by the labor market. According to the annual Aggregate Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) for EU member states, Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden are the most digitized, and the Top 10 in the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking are occupied by such countries as: the USA, the Netherlands, Singapore, Denmark, Switzerland, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Finland, Taiwan (Chinese Taipei), Hong Kong SAR. Tools for stimulating investment activity and measures for the implementation of appropriate incentives for the digitalization of the economy in Ukraine are disclosed.

«Зелена» енергетика як основа економічного відновлення України в умовах нестабільності зовнішнього середовища

Green energy has become especially important in the modern world due to the exacerbation of climate change problems, the depletion of traditional energy sources and the need to maintain environmental stability. In the context of changes in the natural and socioeconomic environment, the transition to renewable energy is an important part of the development strategies of different countries. Ukraine, which is currently facing economic and political challenges, has a huge potential for the development of green energy, which can become a key factor in Ukraine’s economic recovery. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the conception of green energy as the basis for the economic recovery of Ukraine in the context of instability of the external environment. The article analyzes the definition of «green energy» and provides the authors’ own definition of this term. The key aspects of green energy are defined, among which the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, energy security, sustainable development and environmental safety should be highlighted. The main factors influencing the development of green energy in Ukraine, such as economic instability, war, regulatory barriers and changes in tariff policy, are identified. The impact of green energy on the economy of Ukraine is studied. As a result, a positive impact on such aspects as the economic potential of green energy, energy independence and security has been identified. The government programs and plans to stimulate the development of green energy, in particular the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2050 and the National action plan on energy efficiency and renewable energy, are analyzed. The main directions of introduction of the latest technologies in green energy, in particular solar and wind energy, energy storage systems and Smart Grid technologies, have been identified. The use of these technologies will help improve the efficiency and reliability of energy systems. Therefore, green energy should be considered a key area of sustainable development, the main idea of which is to maximize the use of renewable energy sources and reduce emissions of harmful substances during the production and consumption of energy.

АНАЛІЗУВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО КЛІМАТУ УКРАЇНИ В ПЕРІОД ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

For Ukraine, the investment climate is one of the main factors in ensuring its stable development, which means that all economic activities in the country are on a sustainable socio-economic development path. The investment climate is an important and determining factor in the decision of foreign or domestic investors to invest. It is a combination of investment attractiveness factors and investment risk factors. The article provides a detailed analysis of Ukraine's investment attractiveness for foreign investors. The problematic aspects of legislative and managerial nature in attracting foreign investment are highlighted. The real state of investment attraction in 2019–2022 is reflected. The index of investment attractiveness for 2019–2023 is investigated. The dynamics and structure of foreign direct investment in the economy of Ukraine by types of economic activity for 2019–2022 are presented. Foreign investment is undoubtedly one of the leading drivers of economic growth for many countries, including Ukraine. Foreign investment can increase competition in the market by investing in lagging enterprises, improve the welfare of citizens, and strengthen the competitiveness of recipient enterprises on the global stage. Studies have shown that the net inflow of foreign direct investment significantly exceeds the net outflow. Although the investment attractiveness index is still low, the number of top managers who believe that new investments in Ukraine will be profitable has almost doubled. The government continues to develop legislation to capitalize on this potential with numerous draft laws on corporate governance and other economic reforms aimed at bringing Ukraine in line with EU standards and regulations currently being advanced. In Ukraine, the most attractive sectors of the economy for foreign investors are financial and insurance activities, trade, and information and communications. Ukraine's increasing movement toward integration with the EU opens up potential opportunities for investors seeking access to the EU market. The support from the European community and the United States is significant. After Ukraine's victory, the investment attractiveness of our country will certainly increase.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ МАРКЕТИНГОВОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КРЕАТИВНОСТІ

In the article, a theoretical study of the formation of the concept of creativity is carried out, the stages of its transformation of the concept of creativity are considered. It has been proven that at the current stage of development of the national economy one of the most pressing issues is the development of creative industries. This is confirmed by studies conducted by the World Bank on the structure of gross national income in countries. According to the obtained results, which are given on its official website, it can be seen that creative industries make a significant contribution to increasing the country's national income. On the other hand, the analysis and generalization of the achievements of both domestic and foreign scientists shows the importance of their role in increasing the country's competitiveness. The article also proves the complexity of the category "creativity", which includes creative, psychological, cultural and digital components. This thesis is emphasized in most of the scientific works that were analyzed. It is also important to determine the key guidelines that will guide the development of the creative economy in Ukraine. This may include supporting talented individuals, creating an enabling environment for creative entrepreneurship, and developing educational programs aimed at developing creative skills and innovation. The article discusses the evolution of the creativity category and proves that it has a high degree of innovation due to the presence of a creative component in it. That is, from considering creativity as an individual trait to recognizing its social and environmental impact on society. This made it possible to form a hypothesis that for the effective development of creative industries, it is necessary to use digital marketing tools. It is they who will contribute to the best disclosure of all potential opportunities of creative industries. This is possible if the tools of marketing are formed, which help in the development of creative industries in the state. Choosing a certain system of their use will allow you to effectively use all their advantages.

РОЛЬ ЕТИКИ БУХГАЛТЕРА У ПОВОЄННІЙ ВІДБУДОВІ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the consequences of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. A general assessment of direct damage to infrastructure facilities as of the beginning of 2024 is given. The need to strengthen trust in accounting staff has been proven, especially in the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, when ethical principles and practices will be able to ensure not only financial transparency, but also increase trust in the recovery management system. The article examines the tasks that can be solved by the International Code of Ethics of professional accountants in Ukraine, the challenges facing accountants in these difficult times and how their role can contribute to the restoration of trust and stability in the economy of Ukraine. The importance of the accounting profession in the fight against corruption is analyzed. Professional accountants are active participants in the fight against corruption, as evidenced by the active cooperation of the International Federation of Accountants with other organizations in this direction. An accountant can become a target of fraudsters and only his compliance with the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants can confirm his involvement in the community of professional accountants. The Code of Ethics is not an immutable constant, it must be edited, refined, and amended, taking into account the challenges that professional accountants face in today's complex environment. The article presents various practices that will contribute to ensuring honesty, objectivity, confidentiality and professional conduct. Among such measures are the organization of regular trainings and seminars for accountants and financial personnel on ethical behavior, covering real scenarios and examples of ethical dilemmas, the implementation of a double check procedure (or "four eyes") for key financial transactions to prevent errors and fraud, cooperation with professional organizations that support high standards of ethics and provide their members with access to resources, training and consultations on ethical issues, establishment of a system of incentives for employees who demonstrate high standards of ethical behavior, and disciplinary measures for violators of ethical norms.

Особливості побудови індексу циклічного ризику з використанням фільтра Ходріка – Прескотта для моніторингу та управління банківськими ризиками

The article analyzes the impact of cyclical financial risks on the economy of Ukraine using the cyclical risk index. The index is designed to monitor the current level of cyclical risks, as well as possible accumulation in the future. Timely identification of risks with the help of an innovative tool gives the regulator enough time to react and implement anti-crisis measures. In addition, the methodology of index evaluation allows you to visualize not only the index, but also its components, which facilitates the interpretation of the used tool. The dynamics of cyclical risks during economic and financial crises is considered and the importance of their analysis for macroprudential policy is noted. The assessment of the cyclical risk index was carried out using the Hodrick – Prescott filter using indicators reflecting new lending, lending volumes, as well as the cost of lending. The indicators taken into account for the assessment of the index are used separately for the sector of households and non-financial corporations. The results of the analysis showed that after the crisis of 2008–2009, the index remained elevated until the next crisis in 2014, with the gap between non-financial corporations lending to GDP remaining positive. However, before the crisis of 2014–2016, there has been an expansion of cyclical financial risks. During 2017–2023, Ukraine was facing two crises: an economic one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a political one related to the russian invasion. The Financial Cycle Index did not predict the accumulation of cyclical systemic risks before these crises, but indicated an increase in risks since 2019. After the russian invasion Ukrainian economy suffered a sharp downturn, but the banking system withstood the test, providing liquidity and continuing lending operations. In general, the results indicate the need for an individual approach to the analysis and management of cyclical financial risks, taking into account the specifics of each country, its context, and the particularities of the financial sector.

СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ХОЛДИНГОВИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ

The development of the division of labor and production cooperation leads to the creation of international production companies as a natural consequence. The influence of various factors in the global environment leads to the need to unify individual enterprises, which includes competition, development and interaction of enterprises, the choice of international strategies and other aspects. Depending on changes in the socio-political and economic environment of countries or regions, holdings effectively maneuver production and financial resources at the global level. As a result, international holding groups are becoming a key structural element in the world economy. The creation of international holdings outside of Ukraine or merging with existing international holdings has become an integral part of the strategy of the most successful Ukrainian companies. The article examines the main directions of development of the market economy in Ukraine and analyzes the formation of integrated corporate structures in the form of a holding. The procedure for the formation of vertical integration associations based on the use of a logistic approach is proposed; a methodical approach to identifying the stage of development of complex vertically integrated structures and assessing the consistency of the development of the efficiency of integrated structures with their reference state using dynamic models. The proposed use of the logistic approach to the formation of integration structures, in contrast to the traditional approach, meets the requirements of the general optimization of all systems of the integrated structure, which is especially important in the conditions of constant dynamic changes in the economy, as it allows not only to take into account the potential direction of the development of economic systems of various levels, but also adapt more flexibly to unforeseen changes. The procedure for the formation of integration associations, developed from the standpoint of a logistic approach, takes into account the possibility of bifurcation points depending on the promotion of integration development or restraint of integration interaction, and the corresponding reaction to the development or destruction of the integration structure.

Problems of ensuring the economic security of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of the legal regime of the martial law

Purpose. Consideration of the problems of ensuring economic security and stability of the functioning of economic entities of the agrarian sector in Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, as well as determining the prospects for the development of their activities in the post-war period. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is scientific concepts, theoretical developments of leading scientists on the issues of economic security of economic entities. General scientific and special research methods were used to achieve the set goal: observation, analysis and synthesis, a comprehensive approach – in the generalization and improvement of the main theoretical provisions and methodical principles of economic security; system approach – when studying the features of the system of development of management measures that ensure reduction of the negative impact of risks caused by threats to economic security. Findings. The importance of ensuring the economic security and stability of the economic activity of agricultural enterprises has been actualized during crisis situations in the economy of Ukraine, in particular, the conditions of their activity under the legal regime of martial law. Under the existing situation, it is important to ensure the stability of the agricultural sector and its ability to develop and increase the volume of agricultural production, regardless of changes in external or internal factors that may negatively affect the country's economy. Originality. The main problems of ensuring the economic security and stability of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of martial law are substantiated, and the prerogatives of the development of their activities in the post-war period are determined. Practical value. The developed recommendations on the identification of threats to the economic security of economic entities will allow creating conditions for identifying real and forecasting potential economic threats in the activities of agricultural enterprises, finding ways to level their consequences, developing and implementing management measures that ensure the sustainable development of agricultural formations.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СТВОРЕННЯ БАЛАНСУЮЧИХ ГРУП НА РИНКУ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ

In the circumstances of the Ukrainian natural gas market crisis, companies engaged in the wholesale and retail of natural gas confronted with the following challenges: debts for payment of natural gas supplied, decrease in business profitability. At the same time, expenses for wages, office rent, payment of utilities and other operating expenses remain constant. Therefore, the search for ways to reduce the losses of the enterprise that supplies energy resources is important for the stable operation of the enterprise and the economy of Ukraine as a whole. One of them minimizing imbalances. Accurate forecasting and planning play a pivotal role in minimizing imbalances. Utilizing advanced forecasting tools and methodologies enables suppliers to predict consumption patterns more precisely, thus reducing the need for costly imbalance coverages. Offering flexible contract terms to customers allows suppliers to adjust supply according to demand fluctuations more efficiently, mitigating the impact of imbalances. Moreover, some suppliers provide balancing services to assist smaller participants in managing their imbalances effectively. By pooling resources and optimizing operations across multiple participants, overall costs associated with imbalance coverage can be minimized. Integration of advanced technologies, such as real-time monitoring, data analytics, and automation, enhances operational efficiency and enables faster response to imbalances, thereby reducing associated costs. Losses on commercial balancing can now be up to 26% of the margin. The work reveals how natural gas supplier companies lose money due to imbalances and analyzed losses during self-balancing of companies with different supply volumes. Joining a balancing group to reduce losses to cover imbalances is considered. Different options of balancing groups are modeled and analyzed depending on the number of participants, their supply capacities, and the possibility of savings for each option of the balancing group is demonstrated. An analysis of balancing losses for each individual company revealed a significant difference in balancing losses. An assumption is made about the importance of self-balancing. The possibility of reducing losses on imbalances up to 79%, provided that the group has from two to six participants, compared to balancing without a balancing group, has been demonstrated. Which in the context of marginality gives a reduction in margin losses from 20,98% to 4,50%. Which is a 4,66 times reduction in balancing losses. It has been confirmed that participation in a balancing group is appropriate for any two or more participants, provided that there are two participants in the group, then joining the balancing group allows you to reduce commercial balancing losses by up to 90%, depending on the number of participants in the balancing group, the volume of their supplies and balancing qualities.

СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НЕБАНКІВСЬКОГО ФІНАНСОВОГО СЕКТОРУ

The national economy is in dire need of long-term investments. The economic stability of the state in modern conditions depends on the effective operation of banking institutions and the non-banking financial sector, and in this matter such institutions as: non-state pension funds, insurance companies, leasing institutions, etc., could provide significant assistance. In the wartime period, their role is most obvious, since the level of such macroeconomic indicators as: real GDP growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, balance of payments depends on the development of non-bank financial intermediaries. An important feature for the formation of funds of the non-banking sector is the fact that the funds are formed, firstly, on contractual terms, and secondly, on the terms of the sale of securities. The purpose of the article is to study the activities of institutions of the non-banking financial sector, analyze their impact on the investment of industrial enterprises, and develop proposals for intensifying their participation in investment processes. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the work of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of determining the peculiarities of the functioning of enterprises of the non-banking financial sector. The information base consists of scientific, economic and reference literature, works of leading domestic and foreign scientists, methodical materials, information portals, Ukrainian periodicals. A set of methods and approaches were used: system analysis, theoretical generalization, methods of analysis and synthesis. In the article, the author states the importance of researching the theoretical and methodological foundations of the functioning of non-banking financial institutions. An analysis of the legislative framework regulating the activities of enterprises of the non-banking sector has been carried out, characteristic features inherent in each of the individual types of these institutions have been highlighted. The structure and dynamics of investments in the economy of Ukraine over the past ten years have been studied. The dynamics of the number and economic activity of enterprises of the non-banking financial sector have been analyzed. The scientific novelty consists in deepening the essence and researching the dynamics of increasing the investment potential of the non-banking financial sector, which, in contrast to existing research, emphasizes the special relevance of the development of this sector of the economy of Ukraine during the martial law and post-war reconstruction, and also takes into account the international

Investment attractiveness of Ukraine in conditions of prolonged war

The article indicates the impact of investments on the economy of Ukraine and investigates the investment potential in the conditions of a protracted war and the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of a prolonged war. The important mechanism for stimulating investment activity, namely state support of the authorities in the form of compensation of a part of the interest rate and provision of state guarantees for loans is considered. Negative factors that significantly affected the process of attracting investments in the development of the economy, namely the development of the country and its economy in the conditions of war, are also presented; lack of protection and state guarantee mechanisms for foreign investments. Nevertheless, the main problems that concern investors when investing in the military economy have been revealed. The article describes why Ukraine remains attractive for investment in the face of a full-scale invasion and its potential in the face of a protracted war. It indicates how to ensure the stable development of investment attractiveness. The platform for potential foreign investors is mentioned, which collects more than 500 investment projects and opportunities in 10 sectors of the economy that have significant investment potential, namely: the defense industry, metallurgy and metal processing, energy, natural resources, agricultural sector, transport infrastructure, manufacturing, woodworking and furniture manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, advanced technologies. It also indicates which sector suffered the least losses from the war and retained 95% of contract volumes. This paper describes what is necessary to ensure the stable development of investment attractiveness. It is stated that Ukraine should reform its economy and improve the business environment by improving the legal system, fighting corruption, ensuring intellectual property rights and promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. Possible ways to attract investments in the conditions of a long-term war are indicated. It analyzes how Ukrainians invest during the war and which investment strategy they choose. It is noted that the agreement with the G7 and the EU on investment guarantees provides for the receipt of long-term and economically beneficial loans from international financial organizations, such as the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the European Investment Bank.

Зовнішньоекономічна діяльність підприємств: сучасні виклики та перспективи розвитку

The aim of the article is to study the current state of foreign economic activity of Ukraine, to determine the prospects for development, taking into account the political and economic situation in the country. The article characterizes the current state of foreign trade. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the general indicators of foreign trade in goods in 2018–2024 are analyzed as follows: the total value of imported and exported goods, the volume of export-import operations, the commodity structure of foreign trade, and the geographical structure of foreign trade in goods. The main problems inherent in the economy of Ukraine are allocated, including: the continuation of the general slowdown in the growth rate of the world economy and the establishment of restrictive measures on Ukrainian exports of agricultural products used by the countries of the European Union. The main features and prospects for the development of the international trade market are defined, namely: improvement of the regulatory framework, updating the Association Agreement with the EU; ensuring predictable and stable terms of international trade; ensuring the possibility of transporting goods by railway; ensuring the competence of the economic entities engaged in foreign economic activity; increasing the procurement of licenses for the latest technologies; increasing the competitiveness of domestic manufacturing enterprises; improving the quality of Ukrainian goods and services; simplification of customs control. The most promising directions of foreign trade for Ukraine have been allocated, such as: the agricultural sector; IT sector; light industry and fashion; transport and logistics. It is emphasized that there is a general trend of prevalence of imports over exports throughout the study period, which justifies the expediency of establishing relations with existing partner countries and expanding and strengthening foreign cooperation in the field of trade.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗОН РИЗИКІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРЕГЕТИЧНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the issue of the impact of risks on the formation and provision of economic security of enterprises in the electric power industry of Ukraine. Currently, the global economic crisis is dictating the conditions for the economies of almost all branches of industry, and for our country, waging war, on the one hand, had a negative impact on the economy of Ukraine, its investment attractiveness, on the other hand, the help of partners in response caused a chain reaction in the world financial system. The main goal of the electric power company is to increase competitiveness by providing high-quality electricity supply services, ensuring reliability and uninterrupted service for all types of persons (including legal consumers and the public). As a result of the analysis, the article presents the peculiarities of non-linear and open systems of electric power enterprises, which are prone to changing stages of stability and instability, namely the formation of four phases of functioning. This helped the author to form a model of comprehensive assessment of the economic security of an electric power enterprise and to present a system of indicators for its provision. This model is based on the identification of threats and the level of economic security, which will further be the object of enterprise research using a system of economic security indicators. The construction of a system of indicators of the economic security of an electric power enterprise is based on the following criteria: coverage of the most important markets and institutions; analytical significance; found usefulness; significance of institutions or crisis situations; accessibility; symmetrical display of information at the sector level; use of aggregated information; the use of a consolidated approach in order to avoid double accounting of the entity's capital and activity. The main indicators for determining the economic security of business entities have also been formed, which include a number of internal and external components. Thus, each of them includes a list of tools that, based on the aggregate results, certify the achievement of the appropriate level of economic security of the electric power enterprise.

Упровадження принципів розвитку регенеративного підприємництва в процес підготовки фахівців з менеджменту

The aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems of today necessitates their reflection in the research sphere and in the educational process of higher education institutions. Nowadays it is important to ensure the restoration of the regenerative properties of the natural resource potential and the development of a circular economy. The aim of the article is to highlight the possibilities of introducing the principles of development of regenerative entrepreneurship and the implementation of the circular economy in Ukraine in the training of future managers. Currently, the theoretical provisions of management and economic science are being criticized; there is an urgent need to bridge the gap between theory and management realities. The practice of regenerative entrepreneurship is becoming more and more widespread, which, in relation to business, is combined with the positive impact of entrepreneurial activity on the environment, primarily natural. The dynamism of market conditions requires continuous improvement of methods and techniques of teaching students in accordance with the requests of stakeholders and trends in the development of the higher education system. The article reflects the need for the development of responsible management education and the reflection of the principles of regenerative entrepreneurship in the process of training management specialists. The interest of business entities in solving individual management problems contributes to the establishment of close ties between the research, training and production spheres, which is a prerequisite for attracting effective methods in the training of management specialists. At present, along with traditional teaching methods, the use of interactive teaching methods, in particular the analysis of specific situations, has become widespread in the training of future managers, which provides a combination of mastering theoretical provisions and acquiring practical skills in the field of management. The authors consider possible objects for the use of the method of analysis of specific situations regarding the development of regenerative entrepreneurship in the training of specialists in agrarian management. The method of analysis of specific situations is successfully combined with other innovative technologies for training managers (simulation modeling, immersive learning, experimental method, etc.), capable of reflecting the implementation of the principles of regenerative entrepreneurship in the practice of organizations.

РОЗВИТОК КОГНІТИВНИХ НАВИЧОК І КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ДЛЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЗНАНЬ

This article defines the priority competencies of the future specialists (according to the economic direction of work) of enterprises, based on global trends in the development of the economy in the leading economically developed countries and in Ukraine. It has been established that today the economic unit of work at our enterprises is based on the application of digital technologies for 2/3. These technologies make it possible to increase labor productivity, significantly reduce the time of designing and mastering the production of new products, shorten the technological and financial cycles of production and sale of products, as well as enter global markets. Special attention was paid to the application of digital technologies specifically to small and micro-enterprises, as today they make up 95% of the total number of enterprises in the economy of Ukraine. But in the conditions of the rapid development of IT technologies at enterprises, a significant problem has arisen: the digital competence of personnel lags far behind the modern possibilities of increasing the efficiency of enterprise management based on these latest IT technologies. There are several reasons but the main one is that educational institutions of professional pre-higher education are "lagging behind" in technologies and methods of teaching digital technologies. This lag is typical not only for the disciplines of professional and practical training that are taught, but also for the forms and methods of education that are used. The cognitive skills and competencies of future economists are the key to the economic and scientific and technical development of each enterprise and the whole country. The authors creatively interpreted the results of their own and international research on the evolution of skills and competencies of economists at enterprises in Ukraine and other economically developed countries. Dominant competencies for specialists of enterprises that are typical for Industry 3.0; 4.0; 5.0 are established. The improvement directions of modern competence training of specialists in the economics of enterprises in educational institutions are indicated. It is noted that "digital" competence in highly developed countries is already perceived as a necessary basic level of education for a young specialist, as well as evidence of employers' trust in the level of "digital" training in educational institutions. Currently, relevant forms and methods of teaching students to instill in them a creative approach to solving specific production problems have been determined. Examples of the application of various economic programs in the educational process, which lead to the effective assimilation of educational disciplines and the development of cognitive abilities of future specialists, are given.

The Effect of Ukraine-Russia War on the Economies of Ukraine’s Top Trading Partners

This research paper studies the impact of the Ukraine-Russia war on the economies of Ukraine’s top trading partners. Several earlier studies have examined the implications of the war for global trade and development, and how countries highly dependent on exports from the conflict region have responded. In our paper, we focused only on Ukraine, analyzed both import and export partners of Ukraine, and developed a framework to assess the impact of the war on various macroeconomic indicators for these partner countries. In particular, we established Difference-in-Difference based statistical models for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), food inflation, manufacturing production, gasoline prices and changes in inventories the for partner and non-partner countries over the pre-war and post-war years from 2021 through 2023. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the devastating and far-reaching economic effects of the Ukraine-Russia war that serve as a cautionary tale for world citizens and leaders alike.

Ensuring the competitiveness of logistics enterprises amidst the military development of Ukraine's economy

Ensuring the competitiveness of logistics enterprises amidst the military development of Ukraine's economy

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN UKRAINE

The article examines the impact of external and internal factors on the macroeconomic situation and business environment in Ukraine. It discusses the peculiarities of the business environment's reaction to unstable conditions, including the presence of financial reserves in companies, cost optimization, and management strategies. The influence of war on the demand and supply of services, changes in the economic structure, and new requirements for businesses are analyzed in detail. The size and basic characteristics of economic sectors are studied, and factors affecting business efficiency in Ukraine are identified. The article focuses on determining the interrelations between the development of the business environment and economic processes in Ukraine. It reviews the specificities of Ukraine's macroeconomic situation during wartime and the impact of external and internal factors on economic development. Moreover, key macroeconomic indicators are analyzed based on statistical data, and a detailed study is conducted on how full-scale war affects Ukraine's economy. The reaction of the business environment to unstable conditions, including the availability of financial reserves in companies, cost optimization, and management strategies, is also analyzed. Special attention is paid to the impact of war on demand and supply. The segments of the economy most affected by the war are examined, as well as changes in the economic structure. The size and basic characteristics of the economy are analyzed, and trends in development and factors influencing its efficiency are identified. Various methods are used in the study, including analysis of statistical data, expert surveys, and comparative analysis with macroeconomic indicators. In particular, the research is oriented towards determining the interrelations between the influence of external factors and economic processes in Ukraine. Based on the obtained data, regularities of economic development in Ukraine are formed, and a forecast for the economy's development in 2024 is constructed. The conclusions of the study may be useful for professionals interested in Ukraine's macroeconomic processes, as well as for businesses and government structures involved in strategic planning.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В ПОСТКОНФЛІКТНІЙ УКРАЇНІ

The article deals with the aviation industry, as a symbol of the dynamic development of society. The aviation industry is a multifaceted sector of the economy that plays a key role in international and domestic airspace, stimulating the development of socio-economic, political and cultural ties. Prior to the military aggression, Ukraine had a fairly strong potential, but military actions against our country caused huge losses for the national aviation industry. With the outbreak of hostilities, the airspace over Ukraine was immediately closed. The article examines the extent of the destruction of the aviation industry by military aggression, which led to huge losses for the Ukrainian aviation industry. Examples of national companies that have managed to continue to operate in the airspace of neighboring countries are given. We believe that today, an effective way to utilize the existing fleet and retain the qualifications of aviation industry employees in the closed skies is to work abroad. Unfortunately, this is a very difficult process, given the mobilization measures in our country. The strategic importance of the aviation industry for Ukraine's economy has been proven. But as long as military operations are ongoing, it is extremely difficult to talk about air transportation. We believe that their resumption will depend on the security situation, established infrastructure and trained professionals. The factors that can stimulate the economic growth of the aviation industry in our country and ensure its sustainable and long-term development in the post-conflict period are proposed, namely: support from the Government, restoration of infrastructure, stimulation of demand, development of human resources, innovation and technology. With the right approach, the development of the aviation industry can become one of the key factors in the economic recovery of our country after the conflict. Taking into account all these factors will allow Ukraine to create a competitive and safe aviation industry that will stimulate economic growth and development of our country in the post-conflict period.

Forecasting methods for financial support of military capability during the democratisation

Background . The progressive exhaustion of Ukraine's economy due to the war, which, among other things, led to industrial, demographic, and environmental crises, forced the Government to look for reliable external sources of financial borrowing and material and humanitarian support as well as implementing efficient mechanisms of internal financial sources. During the first year of the Russian-Ukrainian war, international financial support, together with the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine in terms of the emission of funds, was crucial to stabilising the stagnating economy. However, in the following years, the Government pursued an exceptional external and internal borrowing policy, which led us to identify the main bases for verification of the impact of financial support on the development and maintenance of an adequate level of Ukraine's military capability in the context of democratisation, – an essential requirement for Euro-Atlantic integration. The purpose of the article is to make predictions and provide practical recommendations for continuing the relatively successful policy of the Government of Ukraine and the National Bank of Ukraine to attract external and internal borrowing to fill the state budget, allocate funds for the needs of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine and use financial resources efficiently to ensure national and economic security. The object of the study is the financial support of military capability, i. e. trust funds and Western aid. Methods . To achieve the research objective, we used the method of analysis and hypothesis formulation based on observations of the phenomena that most accurately describe military and economic indicators. The hypothesis was confirmed and established on regression analysis, trends, and forecasts. Results . The indicator of financial support to the state budget from democratic governments is highlighted as well as national trust funds. The variance indicators of democratisation, economic growth and military expenditures are determined. The data of the above indicators are analysed using the double-squared method, and their forecasting was made. Conclusions . It has been found that financial support, due to the appropriate democratisation of public administration processes, is the primary basis for developing Ukraine's military capability.