Development Of Russian Economy Research Articles

러시아 국유기업 부패에 관한 실증분석

This study analyzed the impact of the Corruption Perception Index of Russian state-owned enterprises on the total return on assets (ROA). Corruption in Russian state-owned enterprises poses a significant threat to the Russian economy. Accordingly, we examined the impact of the Corruption Perception Index on the total return on assets. The more corrupt the state, the more influential the ruling powers associated with the political power of state-owned enterprises become. Corruption in the Russian government and state-owned enterprises also has a negative impact on foreign investment and economic growth. This will also affect the management performance of state-owned enterprises and may again adversely affect Russia's economic development. Reducing corruption in Russian state-owned enterprises requires accountability from state institutions, starting with political leaders. And civil society and the media need to combine heaps to publicize the negative aspects of corruption. Privatization of corrupt state-owned enterprises will reduce inefficient business operations and diversify governance to increase reputation.

An evaluation of the Russian Far East spatial polarization in the post-Soviet period

The post-Soviet social and economic development of Russia had a multidirectional character. At the same time the importance of smoothed factors of competitiveness, the importance of individual centers and industries increased. Regional measurement of such trends the most frequently discovers the rose sharply gradients of social and economic development, which reflct in the spatial development processes spectrum. Spatial polarization is the cornerstone in this spectrum; it has become an actual trend in the development of the whole country. Whereas its specifis in the west of the country have been researched quite actively, the Russian Far East in this respect has not been actually studied. This article is directed to eliminate this shortcoming. The main problems of socio-economic development of this territory and the process of regionalization specifi to it were preliminarily considered. The regionalization specifi process was discovered through the analysis of sharps in the most socio-economic indicators of the regional centers in the Russian Far East. For evaluating the spatial polarization we used the proprietary technology of four-step evaluation and the fial formula is proposed. The statistical base was the collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic Indicators”. The obtained index of spatial polarization was analyzed and conclusions about the specifis of its formation, functioning and sustainability were made. The spatial polarization index was visualized using QGIS cartographical method. As a result, 4 types of regions were identifid by the level of spatial polarization: weakly polarized (2 regions), medium polarized (3 regions), highly polarized (4 regions), maximum polarized (2 regions). Each type was analyzed, the factors and specifi of their creation and functioning were noted. The conclusion about the prevalence of qualitative diffrences between the types and signifiant prospects for further research into spatial polarization was made.

State corporations’ creation for more efficient management of public resources

In order to fulfill the tasks of sustainable state development, the creation of an innovative economy and the achievement of technological independence it is of particular importance to find ways to improve the efficiency of public resource management. Especially this concerns the development of measures to increase the impact of research and development, and the introduction of new technologies. As part of the implementation of this task, a statistical and economic analysis of the introduction effects of advanced production technologies at enterprises, including in the context of various forms of ownership has been carried out in the work. It is established that the best research results and development work are observed in companies with state participation, especially in state corporations. Thus, one of the most effective forms of innovation economy development in Russia is the further creation of state-owned companies in the most high-tech areas.

Development of a Methodology for Assessment and Analysis of the Export Conjuncture of Russian Manufacturing Enterprises

The article explains the current methodological approaches to the analysis of the export conjuncture (on the example of Russian ma nufacturing enterprises), including a new methodology for its integral assessment. This assessment is made by modeling the global demand for domestic products and their price competitiveness in the international market.The importance of the analysis of the current phase of Russia's economic development is emphasized, when a structural transformation of industrial and export policy is taking place and a new contour of foreign economic activity is being formed. This necessitates the improvement of methods for export climate assessment. The author underlines the relevance of using not only qualitative and quantitative indicators, but also their hybrid modifications in the economic and statistical analysis of export trends. The article presents a new hybrid measure – the Export Climate Index (ECI), which aggregates the indicators of demand for domestic manufactured goods and their price competitiveness in the international market. The methodology for its calculation is based on theoretical developments, adapted to the specifics of the Russian economy, and the best world practices for measuring and analyzing export trends.The quantified results of business and consumer surveys in the countries that are Russia's main trading partners, as well as the real effective exchange rate of the ruble according to the Bank of Russia, are used for empirical calculations.The calculations results revealed a significant leading correlation between the ECI dynamics and the dynamics of the referent – the indicator of export of goods in value terms, confirming the possibility of using the new index not only for an integral assessment of the export climate in Russia, but also as a short-term predictor that effectively supplements statistical measures.

The Impact of Tax Policy on Sustainable Development of Economy

The author considers tax policy as one of the most important mechanisms of sustainable development of economy. The article analyzes positive and adverse aspects of introducing new federal laws to support business and measures of its backing adopted in 2022. The key current challenges for tax policy were identified, such as growth in tax burden on the real sector of economy; a considerable share of shadow sector; insufficient level of tax administrating development. On this foundation the author put forward suggestions aiming at tax policy upgrading with due regard to overseas experience, which can rise efficiency of enterprises of small and medium business, cut their excessive tax burden, which could increase their profit and the number of enterprises and in the future have a positive influence on sustainable development of Russian economy.

Endogenous Development as Strategic Resource of Agrarian Growth in Conditions of Global Challenges

Each stage of the development requires correction of economic course, especially in conditions of global challenges. The period of orientation to external sources of growth at the expense of selling raw materials and power products abroad is over, thus it is necessary to pass over to endogenous development of Russian economy, especially agriculture. Information provided in the article gives evidence to a big share of exported resources in respect to the volume of their production or extraction. Four fifth of mineral fertilizers produced in the country is sold abroad, though home agriculture uses them in insufficient volume. Additional amounts of mineral fertilizers in Russian fields could increase the volume of food that is in demand on global markets. Power resources that cannot be used due to anti-Russian sanctions could be directed to internal needs, which could give an opportunity to convert them into goods with high added value. Putting resources that were not used by western countries in home economy can create extra capacities and extend taxation base, which could compensate for losses on foreign market. In agriculture priority shall be given to the development of local economy mobilizing local labour and material resources, which apart from production effect could provide opportunities for resolving a number of social and economic problems caused by big agricultural producers. The author came to the conclusion about the promising nature of endogenous development, which can ensure the quality of Russian economy growth and its agrarian sector.

Правовое обеспечение рационального использования энергоресурсов

The applicable laws place the highest value on the rational use of energy resources in the sphere of energy saving and energy efficiency in the Russian economic development. However, there remains legal uncertainty in terms of direct levers of the promising and rational use of energy resources. The legislator maintains “qualified silence” in this matter, the judicial practice is contradictory and ambiguous in the issues of acknowledgment of irrational behavior of energy market participants, there is no standard of proof. Along with these stagnation processes in legal support of the rational use of energy resources, the legislator piles up new constituent elements of administrative offenses and criminally punishable acts in the energy security sphere. Such instruments fail to deliver the desired results in form of the establishment of the rational use of non-renewable energy resources. Renewable energy resources in the context of legal support of the rational use are out of the question as there is no respective framework law. That’s why the author concludes that it is needed to establish a legal model of the rational and safe use of energy resources (legal compliance).

Пути совершенствования жилищной политики в России

The article provides a brief overview of the situation in the Russian economy one year after the imposition of sanctions by the United States, European countries, and their allies because the special military operation was launched in Ukraine. The assessment of the difficult situation of the housing construction industry for 2023 is given. This evaluation became possible due to an imbalance of supply and demand, because of high real estate prices and a large number of unsold flats, and because of decreases in demand due to purchases in 2021 of flats for the future, uncertainty about the future, and reduced purchasing power of citizens. Assuming a long period of sanctions, the author’s vision of ways to improve housing policy is presented, which can become one of the main drivers of social and economic development of Russia under sanctions. The key proposal is to change the emphasis in housing policy from high-rise to low-rise individual housing construction. This fact will help to maintain production by companies that are connected with housing construction industry. Low-rise housing construction will contribute to the inclusion of urban districts in the agglomeration. It is suggested to stimulate the development of the market of individual low-rise housing by expanding the list of preferential mortgage programs, increasing funding, using public-private and municipal-private partnerships, founding construction savings banks, using digital technologies and ecosystems. To set the strategic goals of housing policy and to monitor the effectiveness of its further implementation, the author’s methodology for calculating a generalized integral indicator is proposed. It takes into account the development in the economic, housing, and digital spheres.

Migration in rural areas of Ethno-national regions of the Russian Federation: trends and consequences

This article analyzes the aspects of rural migration in the Russian Federation, highlighting its importance for the sustainable development of the regions. Particular attention is paid to migration in the ethno-national regions of the country, where it is considered as a complex and volatile phenomenon that has a profound impact on economic well-being, social infrastructure, cultural development and demographic structure of both donor and recipient regions. The authors analyze in detail both positive and negative aspects of migration flows in rural areas, including their impact on the labor market, entrepreneurial activity and social stability. Changes in the social life of rural communities caused by migration and the impact of these changes on traditional lifestyles and cultural values are also considered. The article is based on statistical data on the scale of migration of ethnonational regions for 2010-2022. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic, demographic and socio-cultural aspects of rural migration, with an emphasis on the ethnonational characteristics of the regions. Quantitative analysis of statistical data and qualitative analysis of current migration trends were used. The article presents an innovative analysis of the role of ethnic factors in migration processes and their impact on socio-cultural dynamics in recipient cities of the Russian Federation, including large cities such as Moscow, Ufa, Kazan, Makhachkala and Cheboksary. The basics of how rural population migration affects urban processes such as housing construction, infrastructure development and social integration are highlighted. The authors emphasize the need for coordinated actions of regional and federal authorities in managing migration flows and solving related problems. The directions for future research are proposed, including the analysis of the consequences of migration for the socio-economic and cultural environment of cities and the development of adaptation strategies for migrants, taking into account their ethnic and cultural identity. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of migration processes for the social and economic development of Russia.

Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change: World Experience and Opportunities for Sustainable Social and Economic Development in Russia

Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change: World Experience and Opportunities for Sustainable Social and Economic Development in Russia

Structural opportunities for the development of the Russian economy

Subject. This article discusses the issues of formation of the mobilization economy in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to determine the parameters of the Russian economy's development, most affecting its stability in the context of sanctions. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analyses. Results. The article argues that in order to increase the stability of the Russian economy, it is necessary to focus on the development of bank lending, the pension system, the dynamics of prices for energy resources and refined petroleum products. Relevance. The results of the study can be used when developing measures to strengthen Russia's economic security.

International Banking Institute named after Anatoliy Sobchak

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the organization and results of the industrialization of the USSR economy in 1928–1940 and to evaluate the possibilities of using this experience for the restructuring of the modern domestic economy developing under the conditions of antiRussian sanctions.Tasks. The authors examine the features of the current stage of economic development in Russia and the impact of economic sanctions on it; analyze the experience of socialist industrialization in the USSR; provide recommendations for improving the manageability of the modern domestic economy and accelerating its industrial development.Methods. This study uses the methods of historical and economic analysis, comparison, statistical processing of economic data, monographic method, expert assessment, and institutional approach.Results. Nowadays, the Russian economy is developing turbulently due to the numerous political and economic sanctions imposed on the country. That said, the current stage of economic development in the Russian Federation is in many ways similar to the period of Soviet industrialization carried out in the USSR before World War II (1941–1945) in terms of the totality of influencing factors and mechanisms of their manifestation. This makes it possible to take into account the lessons of Soviet industrialization in the modern economic policy of the Russian Federation. Soviet industrialization was based on centralized public administration and directive five-year planning. Such approaches are not applicable in modern Russia without institutional restructuring. Therefore, the experience of Soviet industrialization should be used selectively.Conclusions. In the context of increasing sanctions pressure, it is advisable to strengthen state intervention in the economy — not only to preserve its stability, but also to set the vector of long-term development. Such development is associated with the increasing importance of industrial production based on a new technological base. This calls for an approach to the modernization of economic macro-regulation that would be differentiated by industry and region. Such an approach can be developed using the experience of Soviet industrialization. However, it should be used selectively based on an assessment of the ratio of public and private interests. Today, the transition to a full-scale mobilization economy in Russia is impractical.

МОБИЛИЗАЦИОННЫЙ ПУТЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ В РОССИИ

Until recently, the world economy was characterized by pronounced globalization processes. International institutions played an important role in determining the rules of economic policy. However, in 2022, the world economic processes, once closely related to each other, began to change rapidly. Russia's current agenda is the task of transitioning to a mobilisation economy. This path of Russia's economic development is conditioned by new, first of all, military-political challenges. It is worth noting that other countries will have to go through the mobilization of the economy, many of which are currently opponents of Russia's economic development. The outline of changes becomes clear. At the same time, it remains to be assessed how long this period will be, what processes will be accompanied by economic restructuring, as well as possible outcomes and prospects for further socio-economic development. Trade and economic sanctions, disruption of supply chains, lack of rules and latent political tasks required an urgent response. In this paper, an attempt will be made to briefly assess the possible economic effects of mobilization in Russia, taking into account the specifics of the processes taking place in the global economy.

К вопросу о формировании университетского хаба в концепции открытых инноваций

Introduction. A feature of Russian innovative economy development is the need to solve many problems in a limited time frame, which include the accelerated development of domestic production and the market through the introduction of innovative solutions in the context of minimizing external economic threats associated with anti-Russian sanctions from unfriendly countries. The models of innovative activity are considered and their key subjects are identified. It has been revealed that one of the effective mechanisms for achieving the set goals is to accelerate the pace of introduction of intellectual property objects into industry through the transfer of scientific research results to production. Theoretical analysis. The article discusses the place and role of universities in strengthening the innovative potential in the field of intellectual property. The analysis of existing state measures aimed at stimulating the development of innovative potential of universities was carried out. Such mechanisms of interuniversity interaction as the concept of open innovations and network university are considered. Еmpirical analysis. The indicators characterizing the patent activity of the subjects of innovation activity are determined, and the analysis of the dynamics of such indicators as the number of applications and granted patents, self-sufficiency and technological dependence on foreign sources is carried out. It is concluded that at present these indicators are characterized by recession. The results obtained require the adoption of new decisions and the activation of university science as the main subject of the “growth point” of innovative ideas and solutions. Results. The result of the study is a proposal to form a university hub based on a platform for intensifying patent activity not only in the context of university innovation, but also to attract various economic actors involved in the process of both import substitution and strengthening the country’s industrial sovereignty. An analysis was made of the ways of commercialization of intellectual property objects and the planned benefits for subjects-consumers of the university hub services. The advantages of creating a university hub are highlighted, contributing to the development of the innovation sphere and strengthening inter-university relations.

Geopolitics of the Black Sea after the Cold War: State and Prospects

The paper considers the geopolitical situation of the Black Sea after the end of the Cold War. The main stages of changing the geopolitical situation are highlighted: from attempts by new regional actors to build their own course in the 1990s to falling into the sphere of influence of the United States and the EU. The interests of both the Black Sea and non-Black Sea powers in the region, their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. The growing aggravation of relations between Russia and Western powers in the light of their penetration into the Black Sea region was noted. The ambiguous position of Turkey, its distance from the common Western course towards Russia was noted. It is concluded that without changing the positions of the main actors, stabilization of the situation in the region is problematic. It is noted that the conduct of ITS on the territory of Ukraine will seriously affect the preponderance of forces in the region and will have far-reaching consequences for Russia. The prospects of further cooperation of the countries in the Black Sea region are considered, taking into account the difficulties that arise due to their Prospects for the strategic and economic development of Russia are determined, taking into account the forecast of further developments in the area of the SVO. The author comes to the conclusion that the prospects for the further geopolitical situation in the Black Sea region will directly depend on how the SVO in Ukraine will end.

Settlement land analysis for sustainable economic development in Russia

The largest part of the population of the Russian Federation (RF) is concentrated in settlements. The lands of settlements play an important role in the life of society, fulfilling the function of territorial and spatial basis. Occupying a relatively small area compared to the entire territory, these lands are the place of residence of the majority of the population. The lands occupied by settlements are intended for the location of cities, towns, rural settlements, and real estate objects that ensure the vital activity of the population. Land legislation singles out these lands as a separate category of lands. The spatial and land resources basis of urban and rural settlements consists of territories within the established borders (boundaries) of urban and rural settlements, as well as everything that is above and below the surface of these territories (Article 38 of the Town Planning Code). It should be noted that the inclusion of land plots within the boundaries of settlements does not entail the termination of the right of ownership, land tenure, land use and lease rights to these plots. However, in this case land tax rates are changed. Inclusion of land plots in the boundaries of settlements does not entail termination of the rights of owners of land plots, land users, landowners, and lessees of land plots. In modern conditions, the development of territories of settlements is an important area contributing to sustainable economic development in Russia.

Регулирование и поддержка платформ шеринг-экономики: постановка проблемы и варианты решения

Introduction: the sharing economy development in Russia is attracting more and more attention, both from the scientific community and from practitioners. At the same time, the issues of regulation in the scientific literature are covered rather fragmentarily. Objectives: to develop models of sharing economy platforms regulation and functioning as well as support measures in this area. Methods: semantic analysis of research papers, systemic and graphical methods for describing models. Results: the paper presents the author’s models of sharing economy platforms regulation, taking into account their commercial and non-commercial basis. Models show that commercial platforms, being rather sophisticated in operational issues, appear to be much simpler. The functioning of non-commercial platforms involves a wider range of processes. They do not only satisfy particular needs, but also contribute to the institutional transformation. Thus, if commercial platforms can be considered a separate market, then non-commercial ones have a significant potential for transforming institutions at various governance levels. In addition, the paper outlines certain measures to support sharing economy projects by involving them in resolving social problems, including designing the “smart cities”. Conclusions: the obtained results contribute to the development of research in the field of sharing economy in Russia; the suggested support measures for sharing economy projects are applicable in solving social and environmental problems.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НОВЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ И МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАК КЛЮЧЕВАЯ ИДЕЯ XXIII ЧАЯНОВСКИХ ЧТЕНИЙ 2023 Г.

The modern world is characterized by the presence of a large number of destabilizing factors. Responding to emerging challenges, the economy is undergoing transformation and new development models and mechanisms are being formed in it. Those trends are characteristic both at the individual economic units, industries’ level, and at the entire countries and territories’ level. To that end XXIII International Chayanov scientific conference “New trajectories of economic development in conditions of global uncertainty” in 2023 was aimed at discussing key socio-economic, organizational, managerial, political and legal directions of economic development in Russia and the world. The conference was centered on A.V. Chayanov’s ideas in the new Russian economy formation; trends in the Russian socioeconomic development in conditions of uncertainty; ensuring technological sovereignty and the economic models formation of the country’s future; world economy transformation – the transition to a multipolar world; IT technologies and digitalization as the Russian economy development driver; Russian strategic partners and the search for new cooperation areas; financial security of the Russian Federation in the context of modern transformations; legal aspects of economic transformation in the global world and many other relevant topics.

Circular economy for urban sustainable development: Recycling issues in Russia

The paper is devoted to one of the main issues for modern Russia, namely circular economy and its implementation. Since 2022, a federal project “Circular Economy” has been implemented in the country. It is aimed at environmental protection, waste reduction and recycling as well as increasing the quality of population life. The article focuses on investigating the conditions and factors for the circular economy development in Russia and identifying problems and solutions. The authors study the dynamics of waste accumulation as the result of economic sectors’ activity, analyze measures for the circular economy transition, and formulate conclusions on problems and prospects for implementing this model in the modern conditions. The algorithm for creating an urban recycling infrastructure is proposed.

The forming of the customs policy of Russia in the first half of the 19th century

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of customs policy on the economic development of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. If we do not take into account the demands of the coalition allies, then this policy was mainly determined by the struggle of two forces with opposing economic interests. One of the forces was “agrarians”, landowners-nobles, interested in free trade, that is, in the free export of agricultural products and the duty-free receipt of manufactured goods from industrial countries. Another force, whose role is still downplayed by historians, was the absolutist state, personified by the monarch and the central bureaucracy. The state was interested in maintaining military and financial power, and in economic independence. This implied an industry that had to be protected from foreign competition by high customs duties. The interests of these forces were reflected in the ideological confrontation. On the one hand, the ideas of Adam Smith’s “political economy” proclaiming freedom of trade were popular among the nobility. On the other hand, the bureaucracy used in its practice the ideas of traditional mercantilism. After the end of the Napoleonic wars, duties were significantly reduced (tariff of 1819), but the relative freedom of trade led to the massive ruin of Russian manufactories. As a result, the tariff of 1822 marked a decisive turn towards mercantilist politics. Although Treasury Secretary Kankrin was lip service to protectionism, he retained the most important mercantilist ban on metal imports by sea. In the absence of competition, the Ural industrialists were not interested in introducing new technology, and the industrial revolution passed by the Russian metallurgy. Thus, while the thoughtless transition to free trade in 1819 caused the ruin of a large part of the manufactures, the mercantelist policy carried to the extreme caused technical stagnation in the most important branches of the economy. This predetermined the further economic lag in the process of “great divergence”.