Economic Demands Research Articles

A moral resilience intervention to decrease moral injury severity: an ‘ABA’ single subject design with a rural woman veteran

ABSTRACT Although moral injury is commonly reported by military veterans, the social work literature lacks evidence for efficacious treatments that social workers can administer remotely and thus serve the nearly 25% of veterans who live in resource-deprived rural areas. The purpose of the present study was to test a self-administered, interactive, online moral injury resilience intervention grounded in forgiveness theory, called BREACH/PREACH, in an “ABA” single subject study design with a rural-dwelling woman veteran. The primary target in this study was a moral injury severity rating as measured by the behavioral economics-inspired “Moral Injury Purchase Task” (MIPT) during a seven-day baseline period, a 12-day intervention period, and a seven-day follow-up period. Four behavioral economic demand indices derived from the MIPT (i.e. intensity, Pmax, Omax, and breakpoint) decreased from the baseline period to the intervention period (Tukey HSD p’s < 0.05) and from the intervention period to the follow-up period (Tukey HSD p’s < 0.05). Although limitations accompany single subject study designs, this project provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of remote moral injury resilience intervention that social workers could prescribe to reduce moral injury severity in rural-dwelling military veterans.

Sustainable Electrospun Hybrid Nanofibers for Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as potential energy-harvesting modules for miniaturized devices. TENG modules are derived often from components having low sustainability whereas the current environmental and economic circumstances demand a focus onsustainable, ecologically friendly approaches for the development of advanced hybrid materials. Herein, recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) along with commercially available nylon are electrospun into nanofibers forTENG devices. The obtained nanofibers are characterized using microscopy, spectroscopy, andthermal and mechanical analysis. Electrospinning of pristine and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) blended polymer solutions resulted in uniform nanofibers without beads. The addition of TiO2 NPs improved the thermal properties and significantly improved the mechanical stability of the nanofibers. The performance of the fabricated TENG device has been improved by functionalizing the nanofibers with TiO2 NPs. Particularly, the combination of pristine PET and TiO2 NPs (5%) functionalized nylon nanofibers reached a peak power density of 23.44 mW m- 2 with a surface charge density of 6.81 µC m- 2, amax output voltage of 111 V and amax current of -1.61µA. This study opens anew avenue to utilize upcycled cost-effective polymers processed usingelectrospinning as a powerful tool for the fabrication of thenext generation of sustainable TENG devices.

Envisioning Future Workforce Adaptability: A Multi‐Layered Analysis of Skills Ecosystems in Vietnam's Emerging Economy

ABSTRACTThis study employs an innovative integration of Causal Layered Analysis and Futures Studies methodologies to examine persistent skills mismatch issues in rapidly developing labor markets. Through a multi‐layered analysis of cultural, systemic, and metaphorical factors, combined with the development of future scenarios, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics underlying skills gaps in fast‐growing economies. Our research reveals that traditional perceptions of education, systemic inefficiencies, and evolving economic demands contribute significantly to the misalignment between workforce skills and market needs. The study develops four alternative future scenarios, with the “Adaptive Innovation Ecosystem” emerging as the preferred vision for addressing skills mismatch challenges. This scenario emphasizes lifelong learning, AI‐driven skills forecasting, and deep industry–education collaboration. Our findings contribute to theoretical understanding and practical policy formulation by bridging deep cultural analysis with forward‐looking scenario planning, offering insights for cultivating adaptive workforces in rapidly transforming economies.

Understanding Value Creation And Appropriation In A Disruptive Narrative: The Uk Ev Sector

This study explores the dynamics of value creation and appropriation in the emerging UK electric vehicle (EV) market through the technological, regulatory, economic, and consumer demand factors. The research further explores correlations between R&amp;D expenditures, patent activity, and market variables specific to the UK with support through Porter’s Value Chain, the Invention-Based View with Teece’s Appropriability Framework, and Disruptive Innovation Theory. Findings show that innovation creates value on an international scale; however, it does not necessarily impact the UK’s immature market share. Tesla’s open-portfolio strategy suggests that pushing for market maturation, mixed with strategic infrastructure development and consumer engagement, is crucial to drive long-term value appropriation. The study concludes that aligning innovation with market readiness and regulatory frameworks is key to fostering a sustainable and competitive EV industry. While global innovation sets a foundation, the UK market requires targeted strategies to overcome its dependency on incentives and limited infrastructure. This research provides actionable insights for professionals and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure investment, regulatory clarity, and consumer-focused initiatives to achieve a sustainable transition toward a matured UK EV market.

Advances in 3D correction of adolescent scoliosis: The superiority of scoliocorrector fatma-UI in rotational realignment.

This letter compares the clinical efficacy and economic feasibility of the scoliocorrector fatma-UI (SCFUI) with direct vertebral rotation (DVR) in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). SCFUI has shown promising results in three-dimensional spinal correction, providing superior rotational alignment compared to DVR and achieving significant improvements in coronal and sagittal planes. Additionally, SCFUI's advanced design reduces risks associated with AIS surgeries and enhances overall patient outcomes. Economic analysis reveals SCFUI as a cost-effective option, potentially lowering long-term healthcare costs by minimizing complications and revisions. Our findings suggest that SCFUI is a viable, innovative approach in AIS treatment, meeting clinical and economic demands in orthopedic care.

Continuity Amid Commercial Buildings in Yeonnam-dong, Seoul

This study tracks changes in commercial buildings in Yeonnam-dong that have undergone commercial transformation, examining these shifts within the context of urban organization and their relationships with economic and socio-cultural flows. It also analyzes the architectural elements that reflect the placeness characteristics of an area. On-site surveys were conducted to assess the continuity and discontinuity in the characteristics of 62 renovated and 40 newly constructed buildings. Additionally, shifts in social perceptions regarding physical changes were explored through an analysis of commercial districts and interviews with visitors, store owners, and architects. Yeonnam-dong has a distinct physical environment, as well as economic, social, and cultural characteristics that distinguish it from mainstream areas, such as large apartment complexes and typical commercial zones. The area, with its winding alleyways from the pre-modern period and low-rise housing—marginalized from large-scale development—evoked nostalgia and created a distinctive sense of authenticity or placeness, which was further enhanced by the presence of exotic restaurants, cafés, ateliers, and creative activities of early gentrifiers. However, rapid commercialization has led to the displacement of these early gentrifiers, an influx of new investments and construction, and shifts in commercial flows. Consequently, the area’s authenticity has become diluted, and visitors’ perceptions of it have changed. Despite this, architectural elements observed in renovated buildings are preserved and incorporated into newly constructed ones. Features such as semi-basements, exterior straight stairs, and brick façades continue to reflect the locality. Detached and multi-household homes from the 1960s to the 1990s have evolved into a new hybrid commercial–residential form designed for commercial purposes. This is a response to small plot sizes in Korean residential areas and reflects the current economic and cultural demands of commercial gentrification. The urban and architectural characteristics of this area are not only a unique physical environment but also hold socio-cultural significance as ordinary heritage. Therefore, this study proposes institutional measures to preserve urban and architectural continuity while controlling the ongoing commercialization.

Navigating Institutional Logics: Balancing Cultural Preservation and Economic Sustainability in ethnic minority settlements.

The interplay of cultural preservation and economic sustainability presents a significant challenge for traditional communities. This study examines the Dulong Jiang carpet weaving industry, located in the remote northwestern part of Yunnan Province, China. Drawing on ethnographic methods, the study identifies three key mechanisms that enable the community to balance traditional heritage with economic demands. Findings reveal that while the cultural preservation logic emphasizes safeguarding weaving traditions as a core element of identity, the economic sustainability logic integrates modern tools and platforms to foster market engagement. The study highlights generational tensions, sustainability challenges, and the innovative strategies employed to blend these logics. Contributions include extending the institutional logics framework to cultural anthropology and offering actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners.

Digitalisation and jobs: The case of organisations in the Vitebsk area of Belarus

A two and a half increase in the number of vacancies in the Republic of Belarus does not correlate with the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators for 2000–2022, such as GDP index and CPI, volumes of industrial and agricultural production, investment, real wages, which may signify an ambiguous impact of digitalisation on the quantity of jobs and their content. Lack of insight into the reasons behind organisations generating admittedly oversized number of vacancies leads to making irrelevant decisions on the regulation of the labour market. The paper aims to determine the impact of digitalisation on the quantity of jobs and their content in Belarus. Methodologically, the paper rests on the theoretical approaches of labour economics. The methods of comparative analysis, descriptive statistics and a ques tionnaire method are used. The evidence is the data on digitalisation of the Belarusian economy for 2022–2023, as well as the results of the anonymous survey of the heads and specialists of HR departments in 68 organisations located in the Vitebsk oblast, which was conducted in January–March 2024. The research reveals a varying impact of the form of ownership, size of an organisation, and types of economic activity on the change in staff numbers in the context of digitalisation. In addition, a significant growth in the number of jobs is not accompanied by the alteration of the job content conditioned by the digitalisation. The findings may help adjust the estimates of labour demand in the Belarusian economy. Shifting emphasis from the quantity of jobs on the job content (resposibilities, competencies) will improve labour productivity due to the adaptation of business processes and development of digital skills.

Проблемы и перспективы постболонского реформирования системы высшего образования в России: теоретический обзор

The relevance of this study is determined by the need to understand new trends in the development of higher education in Russia after the country’s exit from the Bologna system in May 2022. The author’s goal is a critical analysis and systematic review of scientific sources on pedagogy and social and humanitarian sciences (sociology and philosophy of education, political science, law, economic disciplines), which highlight the problems, contradictions and ways of reforming higher education in Russia in the context of abandoning the two-tier “Bachelor’s – Master’s degree” system and creating a national model of higher education based on traditional priorities and meeting the needs and demands of the national economy. The opinions of domestic scientists on the prospects for modernizing Russian higher education in the post-Bologna period, possible risks and scenarios for the development of domestic education in the context of the introduction of a pilot project implemented on the basis of six Russian universities from 2023 to 2026 are analyzed and compared. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that by means of content analysis of scientific texts four circles of problems are identified that should be solved in the course of current reforms, including economic, social, legal and pedagogical issues. Positive and negative results of the implementation of the Bologna reforms in Russia are described, the attitude of researchers to traditions, innovations and retro-innovations accompanying the process of reforming higher education is revealed. The circle of the most controversial issues that worry the academic community in the context of the transition to a new model of higher education, which is based on the updated format of the Russian specialist degree, is determined.

Critical Teacher Education for Social Sustainability: Voices from Zambian Student Teachers and Tutors

ABSTRACT This study aims to reveal the contributions of teacher education to social sustainability in an African context. The study explored the gaps and connections between multiple layers of policy, global, regional, and national educational targets, and the voices of teacher education tutors and students from a local teacher education college in the Copperbelt region of Zambia. Semi-structured interviews were employed to gather participants’ views on their aspiration, knowledge transformation and professional capacity. Employing a critical realist approach, the study identifies four key ‘moments’ in teacher education (Robertson and Dale, 2015) and reveals dedicated teacher education practices that aim to support national economic development local demands for specialised subject knowledge, along with family and individual human needs within communities. The findings lead to a discussion mapping critical teacher education that promotes social sustainability within the Global South, emphasising the significant roles of teacher education in fostering a comprehensive understanding of societies and human well-being, encouraging reciprocal knowledge exchange within communities, and supporting the continued professional development of teachers.

The Impact of Indo-Nepalese Bilateral Trade Trends on Gross Domestic Product in Nepal

This research study intends to explore the impact of Indo-Nepalese trade trends on Nepal's gross domestic product (GDP) by highlighting the India-Nepal trade relationship and trends. Bilateral trade trends refer to the changes in the volume, value, and composition of goods and services exchanged between Nepal and India over time. Economic policies, market demands, and geopolitical relations between countries influence trade trends and GDP impacts. The study uses data from Nepal's National Accounts Section from 1991 to 2020, utilizing ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to estimate growth dependency and determine coefficient elasticity. The finding indicates that Nepal's growing reliance on foreign trade and increased remittances emphasize the need to analyze the impact of imports and exports on the country's economic development. This result has provided an understanding for policymakers in boosting economic growth by directing imports and exports in the right direction.

СТРАТЕГІЇ МАРКЕТИНГУ ДЛЯ СТАРТАПІВ В ІТ-СФЕРІ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to the research of marketing strategies for startups in the IT sphere in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of digital technologies, which significantly change approaches to building marketing strategies, especially for startups in the IT sphere. The main trends in digital tools and communication channels, such as social networks, SEO, PPC advertising and content marketing, are analyzed, highlighting their importance in reducing customer acquisition costs and increasing audience reach. Special attention is paid to the use of data analytics and Big Data technologies to personalize marketing campaigns and predict customer behavior. Applying A/B testing to optimize campaigns is also an important element. The importance of brand building is emphasized, focusing on a unique value proposition and integration with other technology solutions. Aspects of flexibility and adaptability are separately considered, in particular through the use of Agile approaches, which allow startups to quickly respond to changes in the market. The importance of collaboration and partnerships, including working with accelerators and influencers, for business scaling and entering new markets is described. The advantages of combining traditional and modern marketing approaches, which allow adapting strategies to the specific needs of the target audience, have been studied. The importance of building long-term relationships with clients is emphasized as a key success factor. A profound understanding of the market, combined with an innovative application of marketing technologies, significantly bolsters the competitive positions of startups. Particular attention is paid to the role of automation of marketing processes, which allows to significantly increase the efficiency of work and reduce the time for performing routine tasks. The significance of engaging multidisciplinary teams in crafting innovative solutions tailored to the demands of the digital economy is emphasized. This approach fosters the development of unique and effective strategies that align with the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the digital marketplace. Practical recommendations have been formulated for startups, with a focus on the unique aspects of digitalization. These guidelines are designed to support effective growth and development in a highly competitive environment. By understanding and leveraging digital tools and strategies, startups can navigate market challenges efficiently and achieve sustainable success.

Distributed Privacy-Preserving Algorithm for Economic Dispatch and Demand Response of Smart Grid With Homomorphic Encryption

Distributed Privacy-Preserving Algorithm for Economic Dispatch and Demand Response of Smart Grid With Homomorphic Encryption

Optimal path of China's economic structure and energy demand to carbon neutrality

Optimal path of China's economic structure and energy demand to carbon neutrality

Encouraging Community Empowerment and Local Economic In-dependence in Villages through Sustainable Economic Develop-ment Techniques

With an emphasis on local economic independence and community empowerment, this publication examines sustainable economic development tactics in villages. The purpose of this study is to present an integrated and comprehensive picture of sustainable village economic development. The researchers assessed economic development initiatives in several community areas in Indonesia, using qualitative descriptive methods. The study findings suggest that a comprehensive and integrated approach that considers the economic, social, cultural, and environmental demands of the local population is necessary for sustainable economic development in villages. To achieve local economic independence, community empowerment through active community involvement in the formulation and implementation of economic development programs is essential. The authors of this article suggest a sustainable economic development plan for villages that is based on the ideas of community empowerment and participation. Leveraging local resources, strengthening organizations and cooperatives, empowering women and youth, developing small and medium enterprises and the agricultural sector, and implementing sustainable environmental management are all part of this plan. In conclusion, a comprehensive and integrated approach that emphasizes local economic independence and community empowerment can lead to sustainable economic development in villages. Such a plan can improve the welfare of village communities and encourage sustainable economic growth.

Exploring Genius Loci Changes in Panembahan Yogyakarta: From Residential to Cafe Function

This research paper aims to investigate the concept of "genius loci" in Yogyakarta, specifically in the Panembahan area of Baluwarti. With a particular focus on how the unique character of this settlement is shaped by its physical environment, historical heritage and the collective consciousness of its residents. Through an examination of tangible and intangible elements such as traditional javaneese houses (Joglo) and large white fort, embodies the historical and cultural identity of the region. This research also examines how modern economic demands have led residents to convert their homes into commercial establishments. The research employees direct observation, interviews, and literature review to assess changes in the aspects of image, space and character. The findings indicate that while some buildings retain traditional essence, others undergone significant modification, leading to potential erosion of the local cultural identity. The study aims to provide guidelines for preserving the genius loci in the face of modernization, ensuring sustainable cultural heritage.

Вооружённый протест сельского населения Кубани и Черноморья как фактор регулирования экономической политики большевиков в начале 1920-х годов

The active armed movement of the rural population, which swept most regions of Soviet Russia after the Civil War ended, was largely similar in its main features, namely: the causes of upris-ings, driving forces, political and economic demands, slogans, organizational structure of detach-ments and tactics of fighting. In turn, the methods and means of their suppression by the Bolshe-viks were identical – the active use of regular units of the Red Army or special forces. At the same time, referring to the characteristics of the white-green movement in the Kuban and Chernomor, we note the presence of certain features due to the historical development of the region. The first is the issue of economic activity, which underwent significant changes during the development of capitalism in the early twentieth century, when contradictions arose between the expansion of ag-riculture and the growth of military duties by the Cossacks as a military service class. During the period of military upheavals of 1914–1920. These contradictions have escalated and formed the basis of the confrontation between the government and rural society in the Kuban and the Black Sea region as a result of a decrease in the productivity of individual farms. The second is the strong traditions of self-government and communal land ownership that persisted in the Cossack region, which did not correspond to the ideological guidelines of the RCP(b) of the direct con-struction of socialism based on military-communist methods of distribution and consumption. These facts served as the basis for the beginning of the insurgency of the rural population of Ku-ban and the Black Sea region in the early 1920 s. and we determined its regional peculiarities.

Discussion of the first factory laws of the Russian Empire in the metropolitan press

The article provides an overview of the publications of the leading periodicals of St. Petersburg and Moscow on the factory laws of 1882–1886, which ensured the labor protection of children, adolescents and women, regulated the relations of workers and business owners concerning the conditions of employment, the issuance of wages, the imposition of fines, etc. The liberal press called for the further development of this legislation, as well as to expand the rights of workers, up to the resolution of strikes with economic demands and the creation of trade union organizations. Conservative publications opposed any self-organization of the factory population and any form of strike struggle. Some of them («Russian Business», «Modern News») They criticized the adopted laws, which, in their opinion, infringed on the interests of the owners and did not correspond to the relations that, allegedly, had long been established between workers and employers. M.N. Katkov, the influential publisher and editor of «Moskovskiye Vedomosti», on the contrary, demanded an all-out strengthening of state regulation at industrial enterprises. His ideas were formed in the 1880s. The concept of «guardianship» is based on strict administrative custody of «factory people».

Factors Causing Work Accidents in Public Transportation Drivers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Driving safety is an important factor in driving, especially for public transportation drivers. However, work pressures such as time targets, economic demands, and overwork can increase the risk of accidents. To analyze the factors that cause work accidents in public transportation drivers in Padangsidimpuan. Methods: Type of observational research with a cross-sectional study design. This research was carried out in the city of Padangsidimpuan. The population and sample are all city transportation drivers, as many as 145. A research questionnaire was carried out for data collection. Sampling techniques with exhaustive sampling and data analysis using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: This study proved that the length of working hours (p=0.001), smoking habits (p=0.001), compliance with the use of driving safety equipment (p=0.001), and health status (p=0.001) were the factors causing work accidents in public transportation drivers. At the same time, the most significant variable is the length of working hours Exp. (B)= 42.691. Conclusion: This study concludes that most work accidents occur due to unsupportive driver factors. Based on these findings, it is recommended that it is important to monitor the driver's physical condition regularly, provide adequate rest guarantees, and pay attention to his health factors.

The role of KRT18 in lung adenocarcinoma development: integrative bioinformatics and experimental validation

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents one of the most common subtypes of lung cancer with high rates of incidence and mortality, which contributes to substantial health and economic demand across the globe. Treatment today mainly consists of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but their efficacy in advanced stages is often suboptimal and emphasizes the clear need for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses consisting of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), immune infiltration analysis and functional enrichment analysis, and single-cell analysis, we examined the potential of keratin 18 (KRT18) as a candidate biomarker in advanced LUAD. KRT18 was significantly elevated in LUAD tissue relative to normal adjacent tissue (p < 0.05), and its expression was correlated with poor clinical-pathological features and inferior prognostic outcome. Furthermore, KRT18 expression was associated with several populations of immune cells, suggesting KRT18 may contribute to the local tumor microenvironment and potentially pathways of immune evasion. Survival analysis indicated that elevated KRT18 expression correlated with poor overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI), reinforcing its legitimacy as a prognostic tool (AUC = 0.846). Importantly, gene enrichment analysis found KRT18-associated genes enriched for pathways associated with lymphocyte differentiation and immune response pathways, which provides mechanistic insight into biological effects attributed to KRT18. Notably, NU.1025 has demonstrated the capability of reversing KRT18-modulated oncogenic features, and targeted therapeutic strategies can be developed moving forward. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that KRT18 has utility as a potential biomarker but may also serve as a therapeutic target in LUAD and merit further investigation into underlying mechanistic functions and potential therapeutic roles in the clinic.