Economy Of Coastal Communities Research Articles

Modernisasi Sektor Perikanan Bantaeng dan Dampaknya terhadap Kehidupan Nelayan Tradisional

Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, has great potential in the fisheries sector thanks to its vast coastline and abundant marine resources. The modernization of the fisheries sector in this area includes the application of the latest technology, infrastructure development, and training for fishermen. The modernization program implemented by the government aims to increase the productivity and welfare of fishermen, by introducing more efficient fishing gear, such as motorized machines and modern nets. The results of the study show that this change has succeeded in increasing fish catches and fishermen's income. In addition, the construction of modern fish processing facilities and training programs have supported the sustainability of the fisheries sector. This modernization has a positive impact on the economy of coastal communities, but it also presents challenges in terms of income inequality and environmental sustainability. This study concludes that the modernization of the fisheries sector in Bantaeng has the potential to strengthen the local economy while preserving marine resources.

Implementasi Teknologi Genetika Untuk Konservasi Spesies Laut Terancam: Tinjauan Literatur Tentang Metode dan Keberhasilan

The pace of global environmental change and the intensification of human activities have put significant pressure on marine ecosystems, threatening the sustainability of many species that are important both for ecosystems and the economies of coastal communities. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the application of genetic technologies in the conservation of endangered marine species, focusing on environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring, CRISPR genetic engineering techniques and population genetic analysis. The method used was a literature review that examined current academic sources related to genetic technologies and their implementation in conservation. Findings show that eDNA is a highly effective tool in species and habitat monitoring, and has been successful in specific cases such as Napoleon fish and green turtles in Raja Ampat. In contrast, CRISPR techniques offer the potential to improve the genetic resilience of species, despite significant regulatory and ethical challenges. The implications of this study emphasize the need for strong policy support and international collaboration to address these challenges and optimize the use of genetic technologies in more effective conservation strategies in the future.

Profiling the Cypriot Fisheries Sector through the Lens of Fishers: A Participatory Approach between Fishers and Scientists

Despite the sector’s minor contribution (0.5%) to the Gross National Product, the fisheries sector in Cyprus is particularly important to the micro economy of coastal communities, offering direct and indirect employment and supporting small family businesses. Like any industry, the Cypriot fisheries sector faces its own challenges and opportunities. The current study aimed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the fisheries sector in Cyprus based on fishers’ knowledge and to provide strategic recommendations based on the sector’s identified needs. Following a participatory approach, a workshop with 30 small-scale fishers, six large pelagic longline fishers, and three scientists was conducted in November 2023. Fishers and scientists worked together to conduct the SWOT and the TOWS matrix (a reverse SWOT) analyses. Findings from the SWOT–TOWS analyses were used to develop strategic recommendations for the sector. Finally, using the Impact–Effort prioritisation method, the strategic recommendations were prioritised according to their potential impact on the sector and the effort required for their implementation. Based on the analyses, the study proposes 12 strategic recommendations that could significantly improve the sector’s overall performance and sustainability, which if applied will give a light of hope for the future of the Cypriot fisheries sector.

Dampak Keberadaan PT Eisindo terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat Pesisir Di Desa Waijarang, Kecamatan Nubatukan, Kabupaten Lembata

The study aims to determine the impact of the existence of PT Eisindo on the economy of coastel communities in Waijarang Village, Nubatukan District, Lembata Regency. Data collection methods used are interview, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The analytical tool used a qualitative descriptive analysisto determine the impact of the existence of PT Eisindo on the economy of coastal communities in Waijarang Village, Nubatukan District, Lembata Regency. Theresults indicate that PT Eisindo is a fish processing factory built by the local government and village government whose management is carried out by the village community. PT. Eisindo has contributed greatly to the economy of the Waijarang Village community through three indicators, namely, income, employment and business opportunities. This can be seen from the positive impact felt by the people of Waijarang Village with the existence of PT. Eisindo, such as the provision of job vacancies, increasing income, and the community being able to open businesses that can increase the income of the people in Waijarang Village.

Ocean iron fertilization may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit.

Climate change scenarios suggest that large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will be required to maintain global warming below 2°C, leading to renewed attention on ocean iron fertilization (OIF). Previous OIF modelling has found that while carbon export increases, nutrient transport to lower latitude ecosystems declines, resulting in a modest impact on atmospheric CO2 . However, the interaction of these CDR responses with ongoing climate change is unknown. Here, we combine global ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models to show that, while stimulating carbon sequestration, OIF may amplify climate-induced declines in tropical ocean productivity and ecosystem biomass under a high-emission scenario, with very limited potential atmospheric CO2 drawdown. The 'biogeochemical fingerprint' of climate change, that leads to depletion of upper ocean major nutrients due to upper ocean stratification, is reinforced by OIF due to greater major nutrient consumption. Our simulations show that reductions in upper trophic level animal biomass in tropical regions due to climate change would be exacerbated by OIF within ~20 years, especially in coastal exclusive economic zones (EEZs), with potential implications for fisheries that underpin the livelihoods and economies of coastal communities. Any fertilization-based CDR should therefore consider its interaction with ongoing climate-driven changes and the ensuing ecosystem impacts in national EEZs.

Differential effect of fisheries to the COVID-19 pandemic in the region of Andalusia (Spain)

Fishing is one of the most widespread and important human activities in coastal ecosystems and it plays a fundamental role in employment and the economy of coastal communities. However, in the period 2020–2021, the global outbreak of COVID-19 negatively affected fishing economic activity. Against this background, Andalusia (South of Spain) is an important region in which the resilience of different fishing exploitation systems can be studied, but within the same social and economic framework. Therefore, the main study aim was to investigate the resilience of fishing activity to the COVID-19 pandemic in two Andalusian fishing grounds (i.e. Atlantic and Mediterranean). We analysed daily landings and the first-sale prices of fresh fish of the most caught species in both fishing grounds, while taking into account the different seasonal behaviour of the fisheries. Generalised Linear Models were used to compare the data, which were obtained during periods in which the COVID-19 severity levels differed. These levels were implemented according to political measures. The final objective was to understand how the degree of industrialisation in the fleets can hinder or help maintain the economic activity of fisheries during major crises.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Usaha Ikan Kering dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga

The economy of coastal communities which are dominated by underprivileged families should be improved for the better through empowering business groups by utilizing the resources in their environment. This study aims to determine the empowerment of the Dried Fish Business group in improving the family economy. The method used is qualitative research with sampling using purposive sampling. The results of the study found that the empowerment and follow-up carried out by the government were still maximal for the Penempol Dried Fish business group, the utilization of human and natural resources was not optimal and the results of the business group had not been able to improve the family economy but were only able to meet daily needs.

Potensi Ekonomi Sumber Daya Kelautan Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Langkat Dalam Mencapai Blue Economy

Blue Economy is a future economic model activity that considers advantages and innovation strategies by following the natural conditions of the coast. Blue Economy is also a tool that can be used to improve unfavorable economic conditions and create more activities with an activity model that must be sustainable. The concept of sustainable development is one of the efforts to preserve the environment. Indonesia strongly supports the implementation of the concept of sustainable development, one of which is the Blue Economy concept. As a maritime country (blue economy), Indonesia's biodiversity is very large and must be managed more efficiently and effectively, so that the economy of coastal communities in the future will be better.This study aims to analyze the economic potential of coastal marine resources in achieving the Blue Economy concept in Langkat Regency, Sumatra Utara province. The contribution of the fisheries and marine sectors has increased, followed by the development of mangrove forest-based village tourism. However, the potential in the mangrove area has not been achieved optimally because the economic use of the results of the mangrove ecosystem has not been economically exploited. Therefore the economic level of the community in the coastal area of Langkat Regency is still relatively low and has not been able to develop other sectors based on coastal ecosystems. The development of technology and industrialization in the economy today are two things that are contradictory to the preservation of the natural environment around the world because the drive to improve the economy produces a lot of natural damage associated with unsustainable development. Consequently, the development of the economic sector becomes a strong challenge for the world economy by using a system that tends to be exploitative. The pattern of planning and management of the marine and fisheries sector must be reflected in the RPJMD and the strategic plan for Langkat Regency.

Community-based assessment of marine resources contamination after a large-scale oil spill.

As of August 2019, several oil slicks reached the Brazilian coast, compromising local ecosystems and the economy of coastal communities. In this context, this study aimed to assess seafood quality at the Canavieiras Extractive Reserve (RESEX), located in the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil, by determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in local biota following the oil spill. It was designed and carried out in a participatory manner, involving RESEX fishers, shellfish and crab gatherers and managers, as well as university researchers. A total of 72 biota samples were analyzed, and the sum of the 16 priority USEPA PAHs ranged from less than the limit of detection to 30.81 ng g-1 (w.w.). When also considering alkylated compounds, concentrations ranged from 3.53 to 360.75 ng g-1 (w.w.). No sample contained PAHs concentrations suggestive of human consumption risks. No difference in PAHs concentrations between the six studied areas and regarding different biota feeding habits were observed. Higher PAHs concentrations were generally noted in molluscs, as these organisms do not have enzyme systems capable of metabolizing these compounds. This initiative demonstrated the feasibility of participatory construction resulting in a study concerning valued species to local communities, ensuring a contribution to local fishing and marketing activities.

Potentials of associated traditional knowledge on marine resources for economic and general well-being among coastal communities in Terengganu, Malaysia

This study was conducted to explore the potential of associated traditional knowledge on marine resources for the sustainability of economic and general well-being among coastal communities in Terengganu. Using a qualitative study, twenty-six interviews were conducted. The study used convenience and snowball sampling to identify the other potential participants who had knowledge and experience about the topic. The study used thematic analysis to identify the required themes according to the objectives. Drawing upon sustainable livelihood theory for data interpretation, the findings indicate that traditional knowledge of marine resources plays an essential role in achieving economic well-being for the coastal community in Terengganu. This is viewed from the aspect of increased living standards and improved health quality. Although exploration of traditional knowledge on marine resources is limited among the modern generation, the implications of this study highlight that identification of certain marine resources as traditional medicine for health problem solutions, selling fresh marine resources, and production of processed food from marine resources could offer ways to improve the economy of coastal communities. The study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, which had limited the number of participants interviewed. Therefore, the sample size obtained is relatively small to find more significant results. Future studies can be expanded through quantitative approach methods among traditional medicine practitioners and other communities in different regions that use marine resources in their daily life.

How Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change Can Help Coastal Communities through a Participatory Approach

Coastal rural communities worldwide face many challenges not only related to climate change but also extreme events, environmental degradation, population growth or aging, and conflict usage of the ecosystem. Historically, the economies of coastal communities have been based on the exploitation of natural resources, thus shaping its socioeconomic development. This has led to some limitations in the way these communities can now adapt to climate change. In Canada, coastal communities are increasingly dealing with climate change consequences. Sea level rise, coastal erosion, and increasing frequency in storm surges threaten the fragility of both natural and human systems. Various approaches have been used to try to reduce the vulnerability and improve adaptive capacity of communities. One approach, promoted by many organizations including the United Nations, is ecosystem-based adaptation. This approach is part of the series of nature-based solutions that help social–ecological systems become more resilient; by promoting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, this approach also relates to principles of community engagement and supports adaptive governance and social inclusion. This paper describes and analyzes these principles and considers strategies for ensuring community engagement. Combining ecosystem-based adaptation with a strong community engagement can enhance the long-term sustainability of the social-ecological system.

Work Ethic of Butonese Women in The West Coast of Seram Island, Maluku

The article aims to explain Butonese women work ethics focusing on three factors, namely the development of work ethics, the aspects, and the challenges in developing their businesses. The research is a qualitative research with case study. The study is conducted in four villages in Luhu Hoamual District and West Seram District in Maluku Province, including Temi, Tapinalo, Mangge-mangge, and Eli. The informants were the Butonese women whose professions are traders. The methods used in this research are observation, interview and library research. The data analysis was done through reduction, presentation and concluding processes. This study found that the work ethic of Butonese women is not due to a religious calling as Weber said, but as a rational choice following Coleman ideas of surviving from the nature challenges, business opportunities, and family’s economic condition. In this process, two professions with different orientations were born. The pajibujibu sell their agricultural and plantation products from the west coast of Seram in Ambon city, meanwhile, the papalele sell fishery products on the west coast of Seram and the Hitu peninsula. If papalele is easy to get access to capital for business development, pajibujibu finds challenges to get it. Therefore, pajibujibu finds difficult to develop the business in compared to papalele. Nevertheless, both play important roles as actors in the economy of coastal communities.

Analysis of suitability and carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia

Abstract. Sukuryadi, Harahab N, Primyastanto M, Semedi B. 2020. Analysis of suitability and carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 596-604. Mangrove ecosystems in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia has high ecological role and economic potentials, and have been as a pilot area for mangrove conservation and rehabilitation activities. In 2015 the area was developed into a mangrove ecotourism area as a form of utilization to obtain ecological and economic sustainability for the local community. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of the mangroves area for the development of mangrove ecotourism. Data collection was conducted using field surveys and direct observation. Data collected were then analyzed to calculate ecotourism suitability index and carrying capacity of the area. The results of data analysis showed that mangrove ecosystem area in Lembar Village is categorized as suitable to be developed as mangrove ecotourism at three stations with value of ecotourism suitability index of 77.78%, while at two stations are categorized conditionally suitable with ecotourism suitability index of 42.22%. Carrying capacity of the area is 2337 people/day with tourist attractions consisting of mangrove tracking (33 people/day), fishing (137 people/day), picnic (1620 people/day), camping ground (542 people/day) and bird watching (6 people/day). Utilization of area based on suitability and carrying capacity is needed to maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems and the economy of coastal communities.

Effects of increasing temperature and acidification on the growth and competitive success of Alexandrium catenella from the Gulf of Maine

Climate driven increases in ocean temperature and pCO2 have the potential to alter the growth and prevalence of future Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), but systematic studies on how climate drivers influence toxic algal species relative to non-toxic phytoplankton are lacking. In particular, little is known about how future climate scenarios will affect the growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, which is responsible for the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) events that threaten the health and economy of coastal communities in the Gulf of Maine and elsewhere. The growth responses of A. catenella and two other naturally co-occurring dinoflagellates in the Gulf of Maine—Scrippsiella sp., and Amphidinium carterae—were studied in mono and mixed species cultures. Experimental treatments tested the effects of elevated temperature (20 °C), lower pH (7.8), and the combination of elevated temperature and lower pH on growth rates relative to those in near-current conditions (15 °C; pH 8.1). Growth rates of A. catenella decreased under elevated temperature and lower pH conditions, a response that was largely attributable to the effect of temperature. In contrast, growth rates of Scrippsiella sp. and A. carterae increased under elevated temperature and lower pH conditions, with temperature also being the primary driver of the response. These trends did not change substantially when these species were grown in mixed cultures (A. catenella + Scrippsiella sp., and A. catenella + A. carterae), indicating that allelopathic or competitive interactions did not affect the experimental outcome under the conditions tested. These findings suggest that A. catenella blooms may become less prevalent in the southern regions of the Gulf of Maine, but potentially more prevalent in the northeastern regions of the Gulf of Maine with continued climate change.

Uncertain seas: probabilistic modeling of future coastal flood zones

ABSTRACTFuture sea-level rise will likely expand the inland extent of storm surge inundation and, in turn, increase the vulnerability of the people, properties and economies of coastal communities. Modeling future storm surge inundation enhanced by sea-level rise uses numerous data sources with inherent uncertainties. There is uncertainty in (1) hydrodynamic storm surge models, (2) future sea-level rise projections, and (3) topographic digital elevation models representing the height of the coastal land surface. This study implemented a Monte Carlo approach to incorporate the uncertainties of these data sources and model the future 1% flood zone extent in the Tottenville neighborhood of New York City (NYC) in a probabilistic, geographical information science (GIS) framework. Generated spatiotemporal statistical products indicate a range of possible future flood zone extents that results from the uncertainties of the data sources and from the terrain itself. Small changes in the modeled land and water heights within the estimated uncertainties of the data sources results in larger uncertainty in the future flood zone extent in low-lying areas with smaller terrain slope. An interactive web map, UncertainSeas.com, visualizes these statistical products and can inform coastal management policies to reduce the vulnerability of Tottenville, NYC to future coastal inundation.

Development of Maritime Economy and Coastal Economy to Improve Competitiveness and Coastal Economic Growth in Riau Island Province

This research aims to analyze and examine the influence of maritime economic development and the economy of coastal communities in improving maritime competitiveness and coastal economic growth. Maritime economics is analyzed based on the fisheries sector, marine tourism and shipping. The economics of coastal communities are analyzed based on community empowerment, development and welfare. This research was conducted in Riau Islands Province. This reseach uses a qualitative method with a questionnaire of 330 respondents. The processing of research data by validity test, reliability, t-test, F-test and Adjusted R Square. The result of H1 that maritime economic development affect on competitiveness of maritime regions. Its are the fisheries sector 8.3%, the tourism sector 2.51%. H2 the economic development of coastal communities affects on competitiveness of maritime regions that are empowerment 23.2%, to increase welfare 31.8%. The development no significant effect. H3 the maritime economic development affects coastal economic growth through the fisheries sector 18%, the tourism sector 18% and the shipping sector 12.5%. H4 hypothesis of economic development of coastal communities has significant effect on coastal economic growth, that are at community empowerment 12.5%, welfare 17.2%, development 6.8%.

Risk Perception of Coastal Communities and Authorities on Harmful Algal Blooms in Ecuador

The ocean is intrinsically linked to human health as it provides food and wellbeing, yet shifts in its dynamics can pose climate-ecological risks, such as harmful algal blooms (HABs) that can impact the health and economy of coastal communities. For decades, Ecuadorian coastal communities have witnessed seasonal algal blooms, events that are driven by factors including complex ocean-climate interactions, nutrient availability, and ecological variables. However, little is known about the risk perceived by coastal populations regarding such events. Understanding how specific groups of people in specific places perceive HABs risks is critical for communicating, promoting, and regulating public health measures. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fishermen, restaurant owners, and coastal authorities in relation to harmful algal blooms, or ‘red tide’ events, in coastal Ecuador. Methods utilized in this study include a non-probabilistic sampling approach for the two studied populations: coastal communities comprised of fishermen and restaurant owners (N1=181), and authorities comprised of coastal officials in the sectors of health, and environment and risk management (N2=20). Using contingency tables, chi-square test, Cramer’s V correlation statistic, and multiple correspondence analysis, this study compared the responses of these two groups, coastal communities, and authorities, to determine whether the principal activity or livelihood, affected risk perception in each group. This project implemented four workshops to interact with coastal stakeholders and more deeply understand risk perception within studied populations. Results demonstrated that principal activity indeed influenced risk perception of red tides and that fishermen, restaurant owners, and health authorities had limited knowledge and low-risk perception of red tide impacts on human health. Recommendations produced from this research include tailored workshops and improved communication between authorities and coastal communities to enhance algal bloom monitoring and coastal management during future red tide events.

The Combination Process between Disc-Mill and Distillation Evaporation in Producing Salt Diversification Products

ABSTRACT.Blue Economy concept began with the farming of Artemia salt. The industry of farmer’s salt was one of the pillars that supported the economy of coastal communities. At present, the perspectives of the public on an industrial salt production is less profitable and conducted by unskilled laborers. Nowadays, the farmer still used evaporation total method of sea water by solar power, where NaClwas ≤ 90% and residual brine. It is necessary to improve the salt production through combination between disk-mill and distillation evaporation technology to produce salt diversification product. The result of the combination process were refined salt with NaClthat was ≥ 90%, liquid salt with NaClthat was ± 60% and mineral water.

Managing diving impacts on reef ecosystems: Analysis of putative influences of motivations, marine life preferences and experience on divers' environmental perceptions

Scuba diving is a growing form of tourism reflecting positively on the economy of coastal communities. However, any negative impacts associated with scuba diving need to be prevented to safeguard the critical ecosystem services provided by reefs. Studies have explored the behaviour of scuba divers by psychological and skill-related factors to formulate plans for the management of reefs and diving tourism. This study represents a contribution to the growing evidence concerning scuba divers' perceptions according to these factors. Scuba divers at Sodwana Bay, South Africa were interviewed on their diving motivations, excitement for marine life, experience, and perceptions of impacts, reef condition, and norms. It was hypothesised that motivations and marine life preferences had a significant relationship with scuba divers' perceptions and norms, and that experience mediated this relationship. Hypotheses were tested via structural equation modelling. Although motivations varied significantly according to diving experience, the hypotheses were not confirmed by the structural model. These findings highlight the importance of a stronger educational component across all diving specialisation levels, and emphasise the need to further research the potential links between psychological variables and behaviour in scuba divers.

Interactions between human communities and estuaries in the Pacific Northwest: Trends and implications for management

This paper explores social, and economic aspects of coastal communities crucial to the management of estuaries in the Pacific Northwest. These aspects include the changing demographics and economies of coastal communities, and the public perceptions, attitudes, and values pertaining to estuarine ecosystems. Information from Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor in Washington and Tillamook, Yaquina, and Coos Bays in Oregon shows that the coastal communities are growing more slowly than the states overall., that the populations are relatively old, and that, although the local economies continue to rely on them, the extractive natural resource industries (fishing, aquaculture, agriculture, forest products) are declining in importance relative to tourism, recreation, and retirement industries. These trends suggest that human uses of the estuaries are changing in character, and altering the management problems. Coastal residents choose to live in these communities to enjoy the views and scenery, to experience rural living, to be near the ocean, and to recreate outdoors. People express coherent perceptions of risks to the estuaries, especially the threats of declining fish habitats, oil spills, shoreline development, invasive species, and logging in upland areas> Residential land values are enhanced by the presence of wetlands and forests and are diminished by the presence of hazardous waste sites. We conclude that, if recent trends in population age structure, income sources, and employment status continue, public attitudes and values will move towards stronger environmental protection. Because ecosystem management involves local public participation and collaboration, estuarine managers will be faced with both increased demands and opportunities.