Development Economics Research Articles

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Transformation and Upgrading of Industrial Structure: A Perspective Based on the “Poverty Trap”

Breaking the “poverty trap” has gradually become the core topic of economic research. The transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is considered an essential means to break the “poverty trap”. How to use the digital economy effect to change the allocation of capital and labor factors and realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is a significant issue in this paper. The study focuses on examining the development of China’s digital economy between 2013 and 2021, uses the entropy method to measure it, and conducts an empirical study through a fixed-effects model and an intermediary-effect model to investigate the influence and mechanism of the digital economy on industrial structure transformation and upgrading. The results indicate the following: Firstly, the digital economy plays a crucial role in facilitating the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, and this conclusion was still robust even after controlling for a series of factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and correcting the endogenous estimation deviation by using instrumental variables. Secondly, through the heterogeneity analysis of regions with different economic development levels, it was found that compared with economically developed regions, economically backward regions need to pay more attention to the development of the digital economy. Thirdly, the examination of the mechanism revealed that the digital economy has realized the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure by optimizing the allocation of capital and labor. In this paper, Schumpeter’s innovation theory is regarded as a new perspective to break the “poverty trap” and realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, filling the gap in related research in this field. This study provides a suggestion for economically backward areas to break the “poverty trap” and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustained economic growth of the whole country.

Different types of environmental concerns and heterogeneous influence on green total factor productivity: Evidence from Chinese provincial data

Environmental issues have been the focus of attention worldwide, and achieving green development is crucial for solving such issues. This study uses the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces (municipalities and regions) for the period 2010–2020 to examine the general, long-term, short-term, and threshold effects of public environmental concerns and government environmental concerns on the development of green total factor productivity (GTFP). The method of GML index based on SBM-DDF is employed to measure and analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of China's GTFP. Text mining in Python is adopted to estimate the index of these two different types of environmental concerns. The empirical results show that: (1) GTFP demonstrates a distinct pattern of "down - up - down" during the period 2011–2020. (2) Public environmental concern is essential in accelerating the development of GTFP, and it is more significant in areas with higher industrialization and lower environmental pollution. Government environmental concern plays a crucial role in accelerating the development of GTFP, and it is especially significant in areas with lower levels of industrialization and reduced environmental pollution. (3) In terms of long-term and short-term effects, both public environmental concerns and government environmental concerns are essential long-term drivers for enhancing GTFP, rather than short-term ones.(4) Public and government environmental concerns are more effective in promoting GTFP in more economically developed regions. Furthermore, as the intensity of environmental regulation increases, the impact of public environmental concern on GTFP strengthens. Government environmental concerns should be aligned with a higher level of environmental regulation to maximize their contribution to GTFP. The findings above clarify the relationship among public environmental concerns, government environmental concerns, and GTFP, providing a realistic basis for achieving green, low-carbon, and sustainable economic development.

'We need to offer something better to the scholars of the future.' Which way forward for heterodox economics?

After the global financial crisis, hopes were high that there would be a pluralisation of the economics discipline and a boost for heterodox economics that challenged dominant economic models. However, mainstream economics once again proved its enormous resilience and the future of alternatives to this mainstream is anything but certain. Geoffrey Hodgson's new book on this issue has sparked fresh discussions about the stunted development of heterodox economics and proposals for possible ways forward. This article will argue that the crucial factor for the future of heterodox economics is not converging on a single unified paradigm or raising the quality of research, but rather gaining access to different kinds of capital, first and foremost professorial positions at universities. Such access is severely restricted under present conditions as a result of epistemological and ontological discrimination. Heterodox economics can only flourish if the epistemic community of economists embraces paradigmatic pluralism as part of their academic culture, or if regulations are put in place to secure access to such capital and so to academic freedom.

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN MIZORAM: GROWTH AND TREND

Public expenditure has grown both relatively and absolutely in all the states of the Indian Union. The developmental process in any society had then to be conditioned by priorities policy set by the state. Accordingly the level and direction of public expenditure allocations were to be design for their maximum beneficial impact on economic and social sectors in order that income growth and the performance on social indices reinforced each other. The significance of public expenditure as an instrument of promoting the socio-economic development of a country is well accepted by the development economists in modern times all over the world, particularly in the developing countries which shelters roughly two-thirds of the world’s poverty ridden people. In a socialistic and welfare characterized state, governments directly intervene in achieving an efficient allocation of resources, in achieving an equitable distribution of income and finally in maintaining economic stability in the economy. The growing concern over the necessity of improving the future well-being of the people is of paramount importance, and therefore, has impelled the governments of the developing countries including India to overcome the problems of mass poverty, unemployment, social and economic backwardness etc. KEYWORDS: Public Expenditure, Capital, Revenue, Development, GSDP

Regional common prosperity level and its spatial relationship with carbon emission intensity in China

The characteristics of common prosperity include harmonious relationships between humans and the environment, as well as sustainable economic and social growth. The process of achieving common prosperity will necessarily have an impact on carbon emissions. In this article, panel statistics collected from 30 Chinese provinces and cities between the years 2006 and 2020 are utilized to assess the level of common prosperity and the intensity of carbon emissions in China. Then the SDM model is applied to explore the effects of the common prosperity level on the intensity of carbon emissions. The findings reveal that: (i) The common prosperity level in China has shown an increasing tendency. Between 2006 and 2020, the mean level of common prosperity increased from 0.254 to 0.486. From the regional perspective, eastern China has seen greater levels of common prosperity than central China, while central China has experienced greater levels of common prosperity than western China; regional disparities in the degree of common prosperity are substantial among Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2020; the common prosperity level is relatively high in economically developed provinces and relatively low in economically backward provinces. (ii) China's carbon emission intensity shows a continuous downward tendency. The annual average intensity of China's carbon emissions decreased from 4.458 in 2006 to 2.234 in 2020. From the regional perspective, the three main regions' carbon emission intensity likewise exhibits a decline in tendency between 2006 and 2020; still, western China continues to have the greatest carbon emission intensity, following central China, while eastern China has the smallest; however, certain provinces, notably Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, continue to have high carbon emission intensity. (iii) China's common prosperity level and carbon emission intensity both exhibit positive spatial autocorrelation at a 1% significant level under the adjacency matrix. The spatial agglomeration effect is significant, and adjacent provinces can affect each other. (iv) The SDM (Spatial Durbin Model) model test with fixed effects finds that the increase in the level of common prosperity suppresses the intensity of carbon emissions in the local area and neighboring regions. (v) The mediating effects model indicates that the process of common prosperity suppresses carbon emission intensity through high-quality economic development, narrowing the income disparity, and the development of a sharing economy.

Pengaruh Organisasi Industri Dan Struktur Perilaku Kinerja Industri Sekarang Ini

This research aims to increase knowledge and insight in the field of industrial economics, both in terms of concept, application and development of industrial economics in Indonesia. In order to increase knowledge and insight specifically in the field of industrial organization and business competition, both in terms of concept and implementation. Determine estimates and predictions and what is most likely regarding the company's condition and performance in the future. The research method uses qualitative methods and library research. The data collection technique is to record important information in carrying out data analysis by means of data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions to obtain conclusions. The results of this research show several developments in the industrial sector in Indonesia. The industrial sector is the largest contributor to Indonesia's GDP, especially the manufacturing sector which contributes around 73% of Indonesia's total industrial production. However, the industrial sector in Indonesia is still hampered by several factors, such as poor infrastructure and limited human resources..

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND COVID-19: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON ECONOMIC EFFECTS

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has deferred global progress in energy efficiency to a decade-long low, posing a threat to the achievement of international climate goals, and also profoundly affected the development of economics. To gain insight into the research frontiers and hotspots in energy efficiency and COVID-19, a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on economic effects are performed with the help of the bibliometric tools VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. This paper selects all the publications retrieved based on the subject terms in the Web of Science core collection. Firstly, this article performs a performance analysis of related publications to present the development and distribution of energy efficiency and COVID-19 from research areas, relevant sources, and influential articles. Afterward, a visual analysis of the literature called science mapping analysis is implemented to display the structural and dynamic organization of knowledge in energy efficiency and COVID-19 research. In the end, detailed discussions of two research hotspots and some theoretical and practical implications are concluded in the systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis findings, which may contribute to further development for researchers in the field of energy efficiency and eventually propel the progress of society and economy in an all-round way.

HR qualification life path

The article presents the results of a study of the life path of qualifications in the field of personnel management, both at the level of individual employees, and in a historical perspective from the moment the function of personnel management was allocated, to the present, when it was segmented into specific areas, and is already normatively fixed in various professional standards, regulating professional activities in the field of work with personnel, as well as for the future, through an assessment of trends that can influence the function, as well as the results of foresights conducted with experts. The main research methods were retrospective analysis, analysis of documents (professional standards), analysis of HeadHunter.ru data. The study showed that professional activity in the field of personnel management has undergone significant changes over the past 30 years, transformed from personnel work to work with personnel, with the allocation of 2 basic areas: personnel development and labor economics. At the same time, the normative directions for the development of the profession have not yet been fixed. The system of professional standards in use is insufficient or not fully used by employers. Considering the results of the analysis, recommendations were made for employers on the development of the direction in the organization, the data was used in monitoring the labor market in the “HR management” sector, conducted for the SEC on personnel management in 2022.

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Ekonomi dengan Aplikasi Kinemaster Pada Pembelajaran Ekonomi

This study aims to produce a learning video through the stages of development in Economics for high school students. Research and development (R&D) with the 4D model was chosen as the type of research developed. The results showed that the development of learning video media using the Kinemaster application has passed the validity test, thus the learning video media using the Kinemaster application is valid. used for learning in class X high school economics subjects. The results of the validity test on learning media products that have been developed are categorized as valid. This is based on the results of media validity with a percentage of 74% and material validity with a percentage of 84%. so that the media developed can be categorized as valid

Strategies for Project Based Learning during the Pandemic: The Benefits of Reflective Learning Approach

This study explored students’ experiences in online learning using a project-based learning. The exploratory approach was used with postmortem methods, self-assessment, and questionnaires to identify the factors that affect student Learning Orientation and Engagement in project-based learning (PjBL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reflection was able to explore positive and negative experiences, as well as the problems the students faced during online learning, particularly in the aspects of teaching. The study population was enrolled in an Economic Education Program that ran from January to June 2021, and consisted of 15 participants. Three core subjects were selected as the sample. This sampling considered the problems that many education stakeholders complained about, that is, the low professional competency of the study program during online learning. This is why the three subjects were chosen as the core subjects in achieving the main competencies for prospective economics teachers. Thus, PjBL was conducted on three subjects: Development Economics, Human Resource Economics, and Development Planning. After the assessment was carried out, the data showed that positive student learning experiences tended to be higher than negative ones, and P21 ability aspects were much higher than critical thinking and collaboration.

Развитие эколого ориентированной экономики высокогорного региона на примере применения инновационных технологий в полимерной химии

Introduction. Among the current global trends, it is worth highlighting the problem of ensuring environmental safety as a priority for the sustainable development of countries and regions. The most rational way to solve this problem is to follow the concept of «Green Growth», the main principle of which is to conserve natural resource potential by moving away from the practice of imposing sanctions and environmental restrictions in favor of creating low-waste and waste-free production, emissions from which are used several times or are subject to complete disposal. Using the example of the development of innovative technologies in polymer chemistry of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the article substantiates the relevance of creating and promoting regional eco–oriented innovative startups, effective not only from the point of view of ensuring environmental safety of the population of the regions of the country, but also in the socio-economic aspect, since waste-free innovative technologies Environmental safety is one of the most pressing problems of the modern period of social development and it is associated mainly with the growth of the world’s population, the increase in production capacity and the social processes of people’s lives. Ensuring environmental safety is one of the criteria for the sustainability of regional development, which, in addition to socio-economic well-being and improving the quality of life of people, includes environmental well-being and the integrity of the natural environment. Based on this, it can be stated that in the process of ensuring the environmental safety of regions, it is necessary to take into account all issues of interaction between people and the natural environment (environmental protection, flora, fauna, ensuring high quality food, clean air, water surfaces, etc.) in order to achieve not only the environmental well-being of the population, but also the integrity of the natural environment, regardless of the well-being of people. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the rationality of following the “green” socio-economic concept of regional development through the modernization of production facilities, the use of eco-innovations, the development and promotion of fully or partially regenerated environmentally-oriented start-ups, both from the point of view of increasing the socio-economic criteria of regional development and from the side of ensuring environmental safety. Research objectives that allowed us to achieve our goal: - assessment of the regulatory and legislative “agenda” and guidelines for the country’s development in the field of ensuring socio-ecological and economic sustainability; - analysis of global and Russian trends in the development of polymer chemistry; - study of the economic efficiency and environmental feasibility of creating and implementing environmentallyoriented startups using the example of the CBD polymer chemistry industry. Research methods. The study used methods such as analyzing data and information on the current state of polymer chemistry and its impact on the environment in order to identify key problem areas and growth areas; synthesis of various data and information on new technologies and materials in polymer chemistry to identify potential pathways for the development of more environmentally friendly alternatives; the method of summarizing the research results made it possible to identify the main patterns and trends in the development of environmentally-oriented economics in polymer chemistry; the use of induction made it possible to identify general patterns based on observations and data, which helped in the formulation of new hypotheses and ideas. The deductive method was used to test hypotheses and theories developed through induction. The use of a systems approach made it possible to consider polymer chemistry in the context of a broader ecological system and to explore the relationships between various elements of this system. The use of a variety of methods and techniques made it possible to obtain a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the problems and prospects for the development of environmentally-oriented economics in polymer chemistry and to propose practical solutions to improve the situation.

Selected determinants and directions of the new way of thinking in economic sciences

The text is devoted to new trends and changes emerging in the economic sciences, focused on growth, socio-economic development and income inequalities in the context of the idea of global rationality, understood as the ability to sustain the long-term existence of civilization on the entire planet. The thematic scope of this problem is broad; thus it is impossible to cover all its complexity in one study. Hence, attention is focused on selected aspects of the issues raised: on issues related to growth and development as well as economic inequalities, the economic foundations of growth, and the issue of substituting natural capital by human capital. A critical diagnosis and postulates for the future, with regard to measures of well-being in the context of the idea of sustainable development, are also considered as well as including the issue of sustainable development in development economics. The article ends with concluding remarks highlighting the thesis that economic growth should now be acceptable only when it does not excessively exploit natural capital and does contribute to deteriorating the quality of life. As for the methodological side of the text, it was created mainly through analysing the literature on the subject, but attention should be paid to the original nature of some predictions and recommendations, which were made as a result of the assumptions of the so-called diagnostic and prognostic analysis.

The Contributions of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of Economics

Dr. Ambedkar was a development and welfare economist who had a vision for the for the welfare of the masses. His contributions as an economist remained unnoticed. His economic ideas are well expressed in his master pieces on Economics. He focused on varied measures for economic development and welfare of the masses. The present paper is an attempt to understand the economic ideas of Dr. B.R. Ambdekar. The analysis is based on his books, papers and speeches. His biggest strength was his vision regarding establishment of a happy and progressive society. He discussed all real major impediment and tried to provide the possible solutions for development of Indian economy. His views on public finance including fiscal system, centre state relations, monetary system, exchange rate system, agriculture, industry and various development issues like khoti system, agriculture, industry, poverty, surplus labour, unemployment reflect the brilliant mind of an economist.

Does ESG performance bring to enterprises’ green innovation? Yes, evidence from 118 countries

Research background: The sustainable development and innovation economics theory and related literature place a lot of emphasis on the relationship between environment, society, and governance (ESG) and green innovation. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to understand what the factors are that influence green innovation and why there is a big disparity in green innovation capabilities between nations. In addition, this paper aims to investigate the impact of ESG performance of green innovation by using unbalanced panel data covering 118 sample countries during the period of 1999–2019. Methods: Panel fixed effect model; Instrumental variable (IV) method; First-differencing (FD) method; Kinky least-squares (KLS) approach. Findings & value added: ESG performance provides evidence for its positive and significant impact on such innovation. Among the ESG factors, governance seems to have the most important influence on green innovation. Moreover, the positive influence of ESG performance is more evident in higher income and wealthy nations. Furthermore, we also conclude that ESG performance can affect green innovation through FDI, human capital, financial development and trade openness. These conclusions hold up after a number of robustness tests and taking into account any potential endogenous issues. Overall, policymakers should pay close attention to the findings.

Democracy, natural resources, and agricultural aid in Africa: Exploring the complex nexus of aid effectiveness and resource rent dependency

AbstractThe aid effectiveness is continually debated in development economics; there is no consensus among scholars on the impact of aid in developing countries, even though characterized by good institutions. An emerging issue in this discussion is the role of natural resources in determining the nature of the agricultural ODA (Official Development Assistance) and democracy nexus. Consequently, this study examines the effect of democracy on the agricultural ODA in Africa and how the country's natural resource rents mitigate this relationship using panel data of 50 countries over the 1995–2019 period. A set of econometric tools is used to estimate the time‐series cross‐sectional models, which include country fixed‐effects model and system generalized method of moments (system GMM), both to account for potential endogeneity and confoundedness issues. Regression results show a long‐run positive effect of democracy on agricultural ODA. However, this relationship is nonlinear. The interaction between democracy and resources indicates that natural resource wealth mitigates the positive gains from democracy on agricultural ODA. The study concludes that, while democratic reforms enhance the effectiveness of foreign aid directed to the agricultural sector, this positive effect depends on the natural‐resource wealth status of the country.

The Effect of the BRI People's Business Credit Program (KUR) on Entrepreneurship Development and People's Economic Growth in West Java

The Effect of the BRI People's Business Credit Program (KUR) on Entrepreneurship Development and People's Economic Growth in West Java

Structuring African Warehouse Receipt Systems to Succeed

Development economists have preached that functioning warehouse receipt systems (WRSs) will help smallholder African farmers access loans to help reduce poverty and enhance financial inclusion. Unfortunately, many reviews of African country WRSs have concluded that anticipated benefits are not accruing to smallholder farmers. Given the theoretical case and positive experience elsewhere, this paper meticulously reviewed reports that WRSs are not working in the interest of African farmers to identify the challenges. Then, several scenarios in respect of use of WRSs were formulated and analysed for Ghana and Uganda. Scenarios include paying/not paying collateral management fees, grading/not grading maize, using/not using warehouse receipts (WR) as collateral, using community warehouses, etc. Malawi and Zambia are also discussed. The paper concludes that the potential for positive impact of WRSs on the lives of smallholder African farmers exists. However, it is necessary to structure WRSs to suit the situation of smallholder African farmers. The key to profitably implementing WRSs in Africa is not to blindly replicate WRSs as implemented in other jurisdictions. Important African specific context ingredients include focusing on community warehouses rather than commercial warehouses, not focusing on grading of grains and not implementing full-scale collateral management arrangements. Keywords: warehouse receipts, smallholder farmers, Africa, Ghana, collateral management fees, community warehouses

INFLATION AND GROWTH IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR THIRLWALL

This paper pays tribute to Professor Thirlwall’s substantive work in growth and development economics by providing a review of his book Inflation, Saving and Growth in Developing Economies (1974b) [hereafter ISGD]. Indeed, the hallmark of a good economics book is whether its theoretical content and empirical predictions made several decades ago remain relevant when assessed against more recent evidence. Thirlwall’s ISGD book exhibits all these qualities. It emphasises the importance of distinguishing between different types of inflation. Structural inflation and, to a lesser extent, cost inflation, should be seen as the inevitable outcomes of the growth and development process, whereas demand inflation may act as a direct stimulus to growth, as predicted by the Kaldor-Thirlwall model of forced saving and the inflation tax model. These theoretical insights remain highly relevant in today’s developing economies. Studies tend to show that inflation thresholds, up until the point where the effect of inflation on growth is positive, tend to be higher in developing economies relative to advanced countries, owing to a combination of structural, cost and demand-side sources of inflation. The analysis further argues that inflationary finance of development, as advanced in ISGD, remains a viable development strategy when open-economy constraints are considered.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Investasi dan Uang Saku terhadap Minat Berinvestasi pada Reksadana

This study aims to determine: (1) The Influence of Investment Knowledge on the Investment Intention of FISIP USN Kolaka students. (2) The Influence of Pocket Money on the Investment Interest of USN Kolaka students. This study used quantitative methods. Collecting data in this study used observation, literature study and distributing questionnaires. The population of this study were all FISIP USN Kolaka students class of 2019-2020 in the Management, Accounting and Development Economics study program. Determination of sample size used the slovin formula, amounting to 222 with the purposive sampling technique. Testing research instruments used validity and reliability tests with SPSS 22.0. The data analysis technique used in this study was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with measurement model testing (outer model), structural model testing (inner model) and second order with Smart PLS 4.0. Based on the results of the study that there was a significant influence between Investment Knowledge and Investment Intention, this indicated by a P-Value of 0.000. Likewise with Pocket Money there was an influence but not significant on Investment Intention, this indicated by the P-Value of 0.350.

Corruption and intrapreneurship

This work analyzes for the first time the impact of the perception of corruption on intrapreneurship. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database and Transparency International information allowed us to implement a cross-country panel data analysis. The results show that the perception of corruption sands the wheels of intrapreneurship. The results take into account the low dispersion of the dependent variable and are robust to alternative proxies of corruption and different sets of control variables. As a further test, there is evidence of a quadratic relationship between corruption and intrapreneurship for less economically developed countries, which is indicative of differences in the aforementioned relationship for diverse levels of economic development.