Subject. This article discusses the importance of border regions for sustainable development, as unique territories located at the intersection of cultures, economic systems and political interests. Objectives. The article aims to analyze approaches to the development of border regions, identify optimal strategies that contribute to economic growth, strengthen social stability and improve relations with neighboring states. Methods. For the study, I used systems, statistical, and comparative analyses. Results. The article identifies the main factors that determine the development of the border economy, and also assesses the effectiveness of various strategies for the development of border regions. Conclusions. In Russia, it is necessary to stimulate the participation of public and private structures in the development of the border economy, taking into account the economic and socio-cultural specifics of each border region. Stimulating trade and investment, developing infrastructure, strengthening international cooperation and supporting small and medium-sized businesses will help improve the economic situation in the border areas.