Economic Policy Research Articles

Extending comparative typologies of diaspora policies: Towards a "cautiously proactive" diaspora policy state

In the past two decades, the 'diaspora turn' in research and policy has led to the development of several typologies of diaspora policies around the world. This study explores and extends Francesco Ragazzi's established 2014 global typology of diaspora policies. We use in-depth qualitative analysis of Czech diaspora policies to assess the internal validity of the typology and identify new dimensions that are central to our understanding of diaspora politics. We then replicate Ragazzi's quantitative analysis with the inclusion of new data on the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia and Poland, assessing the typology's external validity. We find a new cluster of diaspora policy types, characterized by a “cautiously proactive” mix of diaspora policy mechanisms based on relatively generous cultural and citizenship policies, variably accentuated symbolic policies and limited social and economic policies. We suggest that this mix has been structured by the tension between the countries' commitment to a (neo) liberal emigration regime and the continued importance of ethno-cultural conceptions of nationhood. In addition, we identify three new variables that should be included in future typologies: 1) the volume and distribution of funding for diaspora policy; 2) the symbolic recognition of diaspora in the legal system; 3) policy differentiation among different kinds of diaspora. Our mixed-method approach illustrates the importance of using nuanced qualitative data to provide a meaningful depiction of policy.

Public investment on renewable energy R&D Projects: The role of geopolitical risk, and economic and political uncertainties

Recently, there has been growing concern about the impacts of geopolitical tension as well as economic and political uncertainties on the decision-making process of governments when it comes to allocating resources for renewable energy R&D. This paper employs the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), cross-sectional panel autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) technique to examine the impacts of geopolitical risk, economic and political uncertainties, renewable energy technologies innovations, government financial affordability and CO2 emissions on government spending on renewable energy research and development projects. The novel aspects of the panel ARDL and CS-ARDL methodologies lie in their ability to capture both short-run and long-run dynamics within a panel data framework, as well as their ability to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships under investigation. The empirical results presented in this paper indicate that in the face of ongoing geopolitical tension, as well as economic and political uncertainties, financially capable governments continue to increase their investments in renewable energy R&D in the long run. This strategic move aims to safeguard the supply of renewable energy, uphold economic and political policy credibility, maintain a first-mover advantage, and establish control over the intellectual property rights associated with renewable energy technology.

Հարկաբյուջետային քաղաքականության ներառականության գնահատման մեթոդաբանական մոտեցումները / Methodological approaches to assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy

The idea of inclusiveness of economic development has become one of the main guidelines for developers and implementers of economic policies in many countries of the world. Issues related to inclusiveness make their comprehensive study relevant and topical. Recently, much attention to the problems of ensuring the inclusiveness of economic policy is associated with globalisation and technological change. The latter have the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of households and contribute to poverty reduction in some developing countries. On the other hand, the economic and financial crises and the resulting economic and social distortions make changes in research and management approaches inevitable. Thus, quantifying the inclusiveness of fiscal policy is a necessity as it provides valuable information on the efficient allocation of a state's financial resources. On the other hand, assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy can serve as a benchmark in the process of fiscal policy formulation. Individual authors in their studies approach the problems from different positions, use different groups of factors under consideration, use different research methods. The purpose of the study is to interpret and summarise the methodological approaches to assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy discussed in professional platforms and in the literature. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation methods, acceptable approaches to assessing fiscal policy inclusiveness for the Republic of Armenia were identified.

Research on the Comovement of Business Cycles and International Economic Policy Coordination

Research on the Comovement of Business Cycles and International Economic Policy Coordination

Տնտեսական աճի ներառականությանը միտված հարկաբյուջետային քաղաքականության միջազգային փորձ / International experience with fiscal policies for inclusive economic growth

The challenge for macroeconomic policy is to integrate policies that support economic growth and create and expand equal opportunities to participate in and benefit from the economy. This includes policies to improve the functioning of labour markets, reduce discrimination, support equal access to education and skills, and increase economic and financial inclusion in all parts of society. The idea of inclusive economic development has been introduced into academic discourse in recent decades and has become one of the main guidelines for economic policy makers and implementers in many countries around the world. The policy of formation and redistribution of public revenues through the state budget is important from the point of view of overcoming the existing inequalities in society and solving the problems of inclusiveness. Therefore, it is important to activate public policy with fiscal policy instruments, to increase its effectiveness in the context of ensuring inclusiveness of economic growth, mitigating inequality in the distribution of income and national wealth. This article studies and interprets the international experience and specific features of the application of fiscal policy oriented to the inclusiveness of economic growth, which is especially important from the point of view of identifying opportunities for its localisation in the Republic of Armenia. The conclusions drawn can be useful in the development of solutions aimed at increasing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy in the Republic of Armenia.

Harnessing robotics for environmental economics and energy strategy: Advancing global economic policies towards green growth

The composition of energy consumption is shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Determining if reducing energy use may increase green factor production (GFP) is thus crucial. This study, which examines data from 2013 to 2019, indicates that GFP is impacted by both the Robotics and natural resource markets. It conducts a comprehensive analysis of Robotics's impact on the development of green economies using China as a case study and a suitable mathematical model, namely a static panel model (SPM). By applying robotics analytical powers and predictive modelling, the research sheds light on how economic growth and environmental preservation might be balanced, or “green growth.” The magazine aims to find synergies that support the incorporation of AI-driven solutions into policy frameworks, promoting a shift toward more environmentally sustainable practices globally by carefully analyzing global economic policies. It has been observed that different industries and development phases have other impacts of AI on carbon intensity. Furthermore, this investigation dissects GFP into its component elements, green efficiency improvement effects, and technological advancement to elucidate how AI influences green economic growth.

Բյուջետային ծախսերի կառուցվածքի ազդեցությունը տնտեսական աճի վրա (ՀՀ օրինակով) / The impact of the public expenditures structure on economic growth: Case of Armenia

The public budget is an important lever for the state regulation of the economy: it reflects the main directions and priorities of the state economic policy. In this context, there is a lot of discussion about the dynamics of the public expenditure multiplier, as well as the interaction between the structure of these expenditures and economic growth. The study of the dynamics of the multiplier of budgetary expenditures of Armenia over the last 15 years shows that it was higher than 1, making an average of 4.5 points. As a result of the research, we evaluated the impact of Armenia's budgetary expenditures on economic growth using an econometric model, based on quarterly data from 2008-2023. The results of the research show that the increase in the productive expenditures of the state budget in Armenia, such as those spent on education, healthcare and the national economy, contribute to the GDP growth rate, while the allocation of public funds to non-productive expenditures, such as defense and social sector expenditures, has a negative impact on the GDP growth rate.

Utilizing Circular Economy Policies to Maintain and Transform Mining Facilities: A Case Study of Brzeszcze, Poland

Utilizing Circular Economy Policies to Maintain and Transform Mining Facilities: A Case Study of Brzeszcze, Poland

Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Innovation Behavior

Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Innovation Behavior

Volatility dynamics in energy and agriculture markets: An analysis of domestic and global uncertainty factors

Purpose This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between uncertainty indicators and volatility of commodity futures, with a specific focus on agriculture and energy sectors. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyse the volatility of Indian agriculture and energy futures using the GARCH-MIDAS model, taking into account different types of uncertainty factors. The evaluation of out-sample predictive capability involves the application of out-sample R-squared test and computation of various loss functions. Findings The research outcomes underscore the significant impact of diverse uncertainty factors such as domestic economic policy uncertainty (EPU), global EPU (GEPU), US EPU and geopolitical risk (GPR) on long-run volatility of Indian energy and agriculture (agri) futures. Additionally, the study demonstrates that GPR exhibits superior predictive capability for crude oil futures volatility, while domestic EPU stands out as an effective predictor for agri futures, particularly castor seed and guar gum. Practical implications The study offers practical implications for market participants and policymakers to adopt a comprehensive perspective, incorporating diverse uncertainty factors, for informed decision-making and effective risk management in commodity markets. Originality/value The research makes an inaugural attempt to examine the impact of domestic and global uncertainty indicators on modelling and predicting volatility in energy and agri futures. The distinctive feature of considering an emerging market also adds a novel dimension to the research landscape.

Revitalization of Fisheries Production Factors Supporting the Income of Traditional Fishermen in Tanjung Medang Village, Bengkalis

Coastal fisheries in Tanjung Medang Village, North Rupat District, Bengkalis Regency play an important role in shaping the economic characteristics and culture of its community. Physically, the North Rupat District is predominantly divided into residential areas along the inter-village roads and coastal areas that serve as the primary source of livelihood for most of its population. Now, North Rupat District has become a destination for both residents and visitors, impacting the existence of increasingly complex local economic resources and wisdom along the coastal areas of North Rupat District. Revitalization of coastal fisheries production factors is needed to improve economic life. Therefore, what model of economic development policy is needed to access traditional local economic resources to reduce local poverty? What kind of revitalization is required for traditional fishermen to utilize maritime economic resources fairly for the local population? The economic development policy for alternative marine economic resources involves integrating and collaborating the rights and obligations of state actors, private actors, and the public in maritime politics and economics. The revitalization of coastal fisheries production factors includes organizing the ecological integration of areas as traditional fishing grounds, tourism economic areas, and the originality of traditional culture across various disciplines, as well as fostering cultural integration among stakeholders and intergenerational concern among the Tanjung Medang community.

Factors Affecting Health Care Utilization Associations Among Young Adolescents With Persistent or Recurrent Pain.

It is unclear how family factors affect health care utilization among youth with persistent or recurrent pain, despite potential relevance to interventions targeting treatment barriers. We aimed to examine health care utilization among young adolescents with persistent or recurrent pain and family factor influences toward higher health care utilization. We analyzed longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study and coded pain as none, infrequent (present 1-2 years), or persistent/recurrent pain (present 3-4 years). Higher health care utilization was coded as nonroutine or emergency department visit at ≥2 years. Parent-reported education, pain status, family income, and insurance status were recorded. Logistic regression examined the contributions of the child's pain and family factors toward higher health care utilization. Among 5960 youth, 1908 (32%) had persistent/recurrent pain and 2199 (37%) had infrequent pain. Youth with persistent/recurrent pain were more likely to have higher health care utilization compared to those without pain (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.39) or those with infrequent pain (OR: 1.79). Higher health care utilization was associated with parents' pain (adjusted OR: 1.22) and higher education (adjusted OR: 1.44), and family income below the poverty line (adjusted OR: 1.26), controlling for child characteristics and pain status. Findings show how youths' persistent/recurrent pain, parental, and family socioeconomic factors affect health care utilization among young adolescents, emphasizing a need for family-centered care and economic policies.

The Business Cycle and the Financial Cycle: Granger Causality for the Peruvian Economy, 2000 – 2019

It is relevant to know the relationship between the financial and business cycles to prevent the appearance of financial crises and their negative effects on the macroeconomy. In this sense, a better understanding of the links between financial cycles and the business cycle of Peru can provide valuable information for economic and macroprudential policy decisions. This study examines the causal relationship between Peru's financial and business cycles. The dynamic factors methodology is used to measure the financial cycle, taking four representative indicators of the financial sector: Volume of loans to the private sector (credit market), the Lima Stock Exchange General Index (stock market), Embig Peru (bond market), and the Exchange Rate (currency market) (Ramos, 2019). On the one hand, using the Granger causality test in the frequency domain, it was found that the financial cycle causes the business cycle at frequencies greater than 10 quarters (2.5 years). In contrast, the business cycle does not cause the financial cycle.

Possibilities for increasing labour productivity by implementing innovative activities in the repair and service sector of animal husbandry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are signifi cantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the signifi cant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most significant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal financial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the efficiency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certification and rationalization of workplaces are effective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fixed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the field of animal husbandry.

Policy uncertainty and non‐performing loans in Greece

AbstractBased on the growing interest in understanding the impact of uncertainty on various aspects of the economy, this study investigates the long‐run relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU), its components, unemployment, capital adequacy, liquidity risk, and non‐performing loans (NPLs) in Greece. Our findings indicate several key results: (1) There exists a negative, long‐term co‐integrating relationship between EPU and its components with financial stability. (2) Unemployment and capital adequacy also exert long‐term negative effects on financial stability. (3) These results hold robustly even after decomposing the total NPL ratio into mortgage, consumer, and business NPLs. (4) Consumer NPLs exhibit the slowest adjustment to long‐run equilibrium among the NPL sub‐categories, with mortgages presenting the fastest rate of adjustment. The findings underscore important policy implications: initiatives aimed at reducing fiscal and banking policy uncertainties and fostering a stable environment for businesses and households could effectively manage NPLs more efficiently, as uncertainty influences NPLs not only in the short run but also in the long run.

Does Economic Policy Impact the Environment in South Asia? The Role of Disaggregated Energy Consumption in an EKC Framework

Does Economic Policy Impact the Environment in South Asia? The Role of Disaggregated Energy Consumption in an EKC Framework

Carbon Taxes and CO2 Emissions: A Replication of Andersson (American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2019)

Abstract Do carbon taxes reduce CO2 emissions in the countries that adopt it? Andersson (2019. Carbon taxes and CO2 emissions: Sweden as a case study. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(4), 1–30) provides a clear, affirmative answer. His article has been widely cited as evidence that carbon taxes “work.” To check whether the estimates from Andersson (2019) are reliable, I replicate his article using its publicly available data and codes. I modify his synthetic control method (SCM) by using a more restricted set of control units (excluding one potentially treated unit). I also use a more efficient methodology, the Prais-Winsten estimator, to estimate price effects on gasoline consumption. In addition, I compute prediction intervals (PIs) and add these to the SCM estimates, using the newly developed scpi R package. My best estimate is that carbon taxes reduced per-capita CO2 emissions in Sweden’s transport sector by 7.7%, confirming Andersson’s main finding. I then extend Andersson’s approach to the Norwegian transport sector, estimating a smaller reduction of 2.4%. However, this effect falls within the PIs of the estimates assuming no carbon taxes. When I extend the analysis to the national level in Sweden, I estimate wide PIs and obtain inconclusive results.

Human Resources Management and Lean Management Tolls

For more than two decades, Algeria has been seeking to diversify its economy through optimal exploitation of available resources and not relying on energy resources. Therefore, the human resources sector has recently received great attention in Algerian economic policies. This research paper aims to research and show the relationship between human resources management and lean management, by studying a sample of workers in the Aïn Témouchent- Algeria Telecom - that is active in the field of services. Lean management refers to a technology that has been developed with the aim of reducing waste from the production process and maximizing the value of the product or service to the customer, without sacrificing quality, Formulated by Toyota's production system, it is part of the distinct thinking, We used the questionnaire as a main tool for this study, as it was distributed to a random sample of 40 workers in the institution under study.At the conclusion of this study, we concluded that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between training, motivation and lean management, while there is less statistically significant relationship between evaluation, leasing and lean management.

Critical Realism on Disruption as An Economic Recovery Policy in Indonesia

Critical Realism on Disruption as An Economic Recovery Policy in Indonesia

Implementation of Special Economic Zone Policies in Indonesia (Case study in Sorong Special Economic Zone, Southwest Papua)The Special Economic Zone policy in Indonesia is carried out to accelerate the growth and development of regional economies by estab

Implementation of Special Economic Zone Policies in Indonesia (Case study in Sorong Special Economic Zone, Southwest Papua)The Special Economic Zone policy in Indonesia is carried out to accelerate the growth and development of regional economies by estab