World Economic Order Research Articles

Importancia de la gerencia del conocimiento: contrastes entre la teoría y la evidencia empírica

This study analyses the importance that organizations in Colombia give to knowledge management in order to meet the challenges of the current world economic order. To determine this a survey was carried out on 2,249 people in 83organizations of different sizes and economic sectors, located in the city of Bogota. Overall, the results indicate that knowledge management is not a usual practice in these organizations, which contrasts with the high degree of importance that organizations in developed countries place on these activities that are considered as strategic to enhance innovative capacity and sustainable competitiveness.

Money Economy and Contemporary World Economic Order : A Challenge of Identity and Survival for Islamic World

Money Economy and Contemporary World Economic Order : A Challenge of Identity and Survival for Islamic World

Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence for Emerging Market Economies

Contemporary economies of developing countries are changing due to rapid changes in the world economy. The economies of emerging market countries are witnessing changes in the composition of capital flows because world stock markets are expanding rapidly. Foreign direct investment and stock market boom are the indicators of the changing world economic order. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between stock market development and economic Growth. Empirically, based on the data for 17 emerging market and 10 developed market economies during the 12 years’ period, from 2000 - 2011 using the generalized method of momentum (GMM) for dynamic panel data. To control for the country specific effect, the model is further estimated for the developed and emerging member economies. The key findings of the study reveal that there exists statistically significant relationship between stock market development and economic growth both directly, as well as indirectly by boosting investment behavior. The results also indicate robustly that stock market development is an important wheel for economic growth

El Derecho y las organizaciones sindicales ante el reto global

Expanding the horizon supranational unions has followed a path inexorably marked by the course of modern history, having experienced many changes, splits and restructuring of reach. As globalization flourishes, unions are obliged to invigorate their ties to transnational level, in the same proportion that the progression experienced by large multinational corporations and intergovernmental cooperation and regional economic integration. The economic and financial crisis of the new millennium has highlighted the interdependence of the countries and peoples, caused by globalization. Also the weaknesses of the current system of global governance, which, devoid of supranational economic justice, and devoid of any ingredient of human solidarity, expressing the absence of democratic global power relations. The challenges are many for the international trade union movement, which, with a crucial role in the development process multinationals, should contribute to a more just and inclusive globalization. The new world economic order demands international coordination of trade union action and greater participation of trade unions in developing countries. Of key importance is the establishment of channels of information and support from the international organization for local union formations, thus, face globalization with proposals and incentives for participation in the processes of economic and political negotiation.

Worlds Pictured in Contemporary Art: Planes and Connectivities

It is difficult to imagine a theme more relevant to contemporary concerns than that of this conference.1 The imagining of worlds within the World is a topic that has concerned me for some time, to the extent of nominating it in recent publications as one that is at the core of contemporary art, as it is of current being-in-the-world, and thus definitive of our contemporaneity. For example, I conclude a recent article, 'The State of Art History: Contemporary Art', with the following remarks:Placemaking, world picturing and connectivity are the most common concerns of artists these days because they are the substance of contemporary being. Increasingly, they override residual distinctions based on style, mode, medium and ideology. They are present in all art that is truly contemporary. Distinguishing, precisely, this presence in each artwork is the most important challenge to an art criticism that would be adequate to the demands of contemporaneity. Tracing the currency of each artwork within the larger forces that are shaping this present is the task of contemporary art history.2These are, I know, bold claims, but I am encouraged in pursuing them because I know them to be accurate pointers to the main (but of course not the only) concerns of contemporary artists. They are also a straightforward-if rather summary-description of the enterprise of many art critics, historians and theorists of visual cultures working throughout the world today.The second issue of the journal World Art is devoted to contemporary art. I have contributed an essay that attempts to answer the question: Can we say that contemporary art is-perhaps for the first time in history-truly an art of the world? I argue along the following lines:As biennales have for decades attested, art now comes from the whole world, from a growing accumulation of art-producing localities that no longer depend on the approval of a metropolitan centre and are, to an unprecedented degree, connected to each other in a multiplicity of ways, not least regionally and globally. Geopolitical change has shifted the world picture from presumptions about the inevitability of modernisation and the universality of EuroAmerican values to recognition of the coexistence of difference, of disjunctive diversity, as characteristic of our contemporary condition. Contemporary life draws increasing numbers of artists to imagine the world-here understood as comprising a number of contemporaneous 'natures': the natural world, built environments ('second nature'), virtual space ('third nature'), and lived interiority ('human nature')-as a highly differentiated yet inevitably connected whole. In this sense, from what we might call a planetary perspective, contemporary art may be becoming an art for the world-for the world as it is now, and as it might be.3My essay is accompanied by an insightful commentary by Marsha Meskimmon that adds much depth to my raw intuitions about the affective dimensions of the kinds of coeval ethics called for in contemporary conditions: the world 'as it might be'. Ian McLean has also contributed an important essay that ties, in his unique way, the world to Australian perceptions of it.Two ideas from within the passage I have just quoted attract attention as being key topics of relevance to this conference. For over 50 years now, a world historical shift from EuroAmerican hegemony to a declining dominance within an increasingly differentiated world geopolitical and economic order has been underway-recently, at an accelerating pace. It has found expression in art, I suggest, as a shift from various kinds of practices oriented for, against or at oblique angles to modernisation (not all of which are modernisi) to practices that arise out of contemporary conditions. I will return in my conclusion to some implications for art historical writing of this world-wide shifting from modern to contemporary art.Worlds-Within-The-WorldI want to focus the main part of my remarks on the kinds of worlds that are envisaged in the passage I just quoted. …

Cultura e desejo: a construção da identidade adicta no cenário contemporâneo

A drogadição, embora presente em toda a história da humanidade, apresenta-se atualmente como uma expressão do mal-estar contemporâneo. Torna-se importante ocuparmo-nos de pensar o cenário atual, desde a nova ordem econômica mundial até as qualidades das relações interpessoais, para buscar possíveis relações deste no aumento de casos de adições. A partir desta proposta, abordamos a cultura enquanto fator contribuinte para a produção de identidades adictas já que anuncia a escassez de ideais compartilhados e de instâncias que ocupem o lugar da função paterna.

Latest trends and global challenges of the development of international economic relations

The article provides an outline of modern tendencies of international economic relations in the context of increasing openness of national economies and growing protectionism. It is offered to consider economic development of countries as changing the geopolitical map of the world under influence of globalization. The article defines the main tendencies of evolutionary development of countries and proves the inexpedience of applying development strategies of certain countries to the developing countries. It proves the necessity of reconsidering the world economic order and defines the historic role of globalization in its formation. It analyzes the main features of interpreting globalization as a socio-historic process. Based in this, it defines that globalization increases the level of economic cooperation between countries that was initiated in the middle of XX century, but the uncertainty in the development of contemporary international economic relations disrupts the functioning of world financial infrastructure and increases the threat to national sovereignty of countries. It is proved that restricting the independence of states in choosing their trajectories of development contradicts the documents of international organizations, namely the United Nations. The article also reviews the ideological ideas of mondalism and its relation to globalization, which allows for confirming the utopianism of the idea of formatting a holistic world and the impossibility of one-sided world construction. It estimates the scenarios of world economic relations development under the influence of globalization and proves that heterogeneity of global environment will remain until the structure of global economy changes as a result of a constructive dialogue.

Leveraging G-20 Membership in Enhancing Asia-Africa Cooperation: Examining Possibilities, Prospects, and Potential Problems

The paper examines the extent to which the membership of Indonesia and South Africa in G 20 can be leveraged to the benefit of not only the two countries but also Asia and African population as a whole. The paper explores the process that has led to the emergence of what some today call the New World Economic order, placing it squarely on the impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and policy response regarded as vital by nations that were hit hard, which include promoting strong , sustainable and balanced growth in emerging, developing and developed nations alike. Initiatives Indonesia and South Africa can take to enhance the benefits Asians and Africans can derive from G 20 stature as the new global economy architect, manager , and protector, are laid out in various policy initiatives the author puts forward ranging from climate change and Green economy advocacy, democracy and good governance, dispute resolution, serving as voice of the South in restructuring the international Financial system, to strengthening regional integration as a stepping stone to Global Integration. However, such a process is by no means plain sailing, given various challenges Indonesia and South Africa are likely to face in their attempts to utilize G 20 in pushing for the interests of Asia and Africa.

Políticas públicas de educação para o ensino médio no final do século XX: história em contexto

This paper analyzes the public policies of education for high school, developed by the Ministry of Education, over the past twenty years, seeking to show the relationship between its assumptions and the hegemony of the neoliberal project in Brazil and worldwide. Based on the presentation and critical discussion with several authors, as Dubar (1998), Machado (1994, 1996), Fagotto (1995, 199S), and Fiigotto Franco (2002) and Fiigotto, Franco and Ramos (2005), among others, we noted that this reform is marked transformation the very essence of social organization, whose foundation is in the market, which has interests and needs concrete economic policies and in the process of reformulation of secondary education. The middle level reform is therefore a particular form of intervention in corporate design, ending the resistance and social struggles, trying to naturalize the submission of human labor market. Educational reform thus is an expression of liberal political strategy for the insertion of the working class in the new world economic order.

The Big Question: Which Country Will Emerge as the Leading Power?

The Big Question: Which Country Will Emerge as the Leading Power?

Making the IMF Pro-Active for a Evolving World Economic Order

The need for a pro-active more focused and more effective global mechanism to identify, control and mitigate the impact of economic and financial crisis has increasingly been felt over the last two decades. It got reinforced by not so effective IMF in terms of crisis control and mitigation as well as the occurrence and reoccurrence of several financial crises during the last few decades. Japan’s proposal to create Asian Monetary Fund (AMF), as an alternative to International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the midst of Asian Financial Crisis 1997, could be argued as an offshoot of this need. This research paper seeks to strengthen the role of IMF as a crisis control and mitigation institution and is based on two premises the effectiveness of an international institution such as the IMF is crucially dependent on the support provided by its stakeholders (such support has not been adequately leveraged in the case of the IMF) and their active participation in institutional mechanisms for averting crises, and regional trade associations could support the IMF in averting such crisis situation. The paper proposes facilitating such support through regional trade blocks, an important facilitator of regional growth, and elaborates on a mechanism in this regard involving a proposed Centre for Financial Crisis Management (CFM) under the IMF, and therefore could be known as IMF CFM.

The Global Economy, Trade Unions and The Protection of Workers' Rights in Nigeria

Since the inception of paid/wage employment, through a combination of sustained struggles and appeals to the conscience of the rest of society, workers, using the platform provided by their organizations (trade unions), have been able to secure for themselves a number of rights. These rights are predicated on, and complemented by, some constitutional provisions which confer certain rights on workers as citizens of their countries. However, in the new world economic order elegantly referred to as globalization workers' rights have been dealt a devastating blow. Under globalization driven by neoliberalism and anchored on less state involvement in the economic sphere, governments, particularly in their obsession to attract foreign direct investments as well as satisfying private corporate interests, have been arm‐twisted to relax labor laws that seek to protect workers from extreme abuse within the employment relationship. This unfolds within the context of the increasing autocracy of the capitalist state, not only in Nigeria but worldwide by which basic labor rights, such as the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining, are brazenly violated even in the advanced democracies.Based on a combination of empirical data and secondary materials, this essay establishes that the level of compliance with existing legislation on workers' rights is low in Nigeria. The research also finds that official enforcement is equally low; a situation that is encouraged by weak institutional capacity of the labor administration system. Closely related to weak institutional capacity is the lack of the political will on the part of the subservient Nigerian state to protect its worker‐citizens. It is against this backdrop that the paper submits that given the failure of the state to ensure compliance with laws which seek to protect workers, workers, their organisations, and allies within the broader labour movement need to look beyond the state and its agencies to secure rights at work. The reality equally calls for a deeper understanding of the issues involved and a holistic response of the working class, both national and transnational.

Seeds of Revolts

When the Arab peoples took to the street, they were not only shouting "The people want the downfall of the regime!" but also—and most of all—"Liberty, Dignity, and Social Justice." The absence of dignity and social justice points to the larger question of the neoliberal economic world order and the post-colonial states, which are integrated into the world-system, not as peers to the developed countries of the capitalist center, but as dependent peripheral subordinates. The desperate act of self-immolation by the young Tunisian produce vendor Mohamed Bouazizi poignantly illustrates the inequity of this global system. Zurayk's book is a severe indictment of how the cruel economic order affects agriculture and food sovereignty in the Arab world.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Is Export Expansion of Manufactured Goods an Escape Route from Terms of Trade Deterioration of Developing Countries?

In the recent past, the developing countries, in particular the Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), China and India, have become a major player in the global market of manufactured goods. It had been argued that this changing composition in the export baskets of these developing countries in favour of the manufactured goods had helped the developing countries to escape from the problems of ‘deteriorating’ terms of trade and doubts the validity of the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis in the present world economic order. This study empirically finds a secular negative trend in the movement of the manufacture-manufacture terms of trade of the developing countries vis-à-vis the developed countries spanning over the period between 1975 and 2005. It also identifies the probable factors responsible for this negative trend in the terms of trade index and whether this diversification of exports towards more of manufactured goods helps the developing countries to escape from the problem of Prebisch–Singer hypothesis.

Nehruvian Vision of Global Order and its Relevance in the Twenty-first Century

Rejecting the various ‘World Order Models’ being projected as a panacea for a lasting peace, Nehru visualised ‘World Union’ based on democratic principles to create an egalitarian social and economic order across the globe and to eliminate the recurring phenomena of conflict and tension which produce wars at regular intervals. The perceived ‘World Government’ could provide a platform to manage and eliminate the modern forms of warfare: ethnic conflicts, proxy wars, militancy, terrorism, etc., while accommodating and redressing the grievances and resentments of specific people across as well as within the borders of national units. A global legislature can provide the community of nations a uniform, codified and effective international legal order. The Nehruvian model which sought to create an egalitarian, ‘planned’ and ‘socialised’ world economic order by eliminating imperialism and colonialism in all forms and manifestations could be relevant to manage the global economic crisis and also for the development of underdeveloped world. A World Union based on democracy and freedom may protect individual and group rights against ethnic cleansings and genocides and may help to universalise the institution of democracy. A strong world government, suggested by Nehru, can control nuclear proliferation and save mankind from the scourge of nuclear war.

For a social geography of emerging countries

New economic world order, new geographies of development, new powers… A whole range of expressions has appeared in the past three decades to coin the major and multi-dimensional changes that have affected global political economics. More specifically, those expressions refer to a transition towards a multi-polar world: the domination of the West and later the Triade is now counterbalanced by the economic and perhaps political power of countries that were once called under-developed - China be...

Book Reviews

Jing Zhang of University of Michigan reviews “Emerging Markets: Resilience and Growth amid Global Turmoil” by M. Ayhan Kose and Eswar S. Prasad. The EconLit abstract of the reviewed work begins, “Examines changes in the nature of cyclical linkages between advanced economies and emerging market economies in order to analyze the resilience of the latter group to global economic and financial developments. Discusses changes in the world economic order--a roadmap; rising global linkages and international business cycles--what we know; setting the stage; shifting dynamics of global gross domestic product and growth; global trade linkages; global financial linkages; business cycle volatility; comovement of business cycles and financial markets; exploring the sources of business cycle comovement; macroeconomics of recessions and financial crises; emerging markets during the global financial crisis; the good and the ugly--emerging Asia and emerging Europe; and what explains the resilience of emerging markets. Kose is Assistant to the Director in the International Monetary Fund's Research Department. Prasad is Tolani Senior Professor of Trade Policy at Cornell University and New Century Chair in International Economics at the Brookings Institution. Index.”

El nuevo orden económico internacional : tendencias observables en el norte y en los países mayores de América Latina

The current stagnation of the dialogue process that seeks to advance towards a New World Economic Order is an undoubted phenomenon. In this paper, the aspects that have constrained the possibilities of advance in this matter in both blocks are presented. Trends in the North are analyzed, especially those observable in the United States, emphasizing the strategies privileged currently with respect to the developing world, fundamentally directed at intermediate countries and the forms of readjustment of these countries to the international economic system by their ruling elites. They seek a rapprochement with the capitalist industrialized world that would turn them into full, albeit subordinate, partners, with a stably defined role in the global strategy of developed countries.

América Latina dentro del orden económico mundial

This paper attempts to show that the articulation of the Latin American economy with the industrialized market economy countries, as well as with the socialist countries, reached its peak around the years 1980 and 1981 and that in the same time period until the end of the decade, perhaps until the year 2000, that relationship will remain stagnant. As a result, Latin America will have no choice but to intensify economic cooperation and trade within the continent and, to a lesser extent, with the countries of Africa and Asia. With this in mind, the main trends of the current economic situation in Latin America and its structural problems are analyzed; its articulation with the economy of the United States, Western Europe, Japan, the socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, to finally draw conclusions about a new world economic order.

Pyongyang and the World: North Korean Perspectives on International Relations under Kim Jong‐il*

Despite the strategic importance of North Korea, we know relatively little about how Pyongyang perceives international relations. This paper represents an effort to remedy that paucity. I seek to construct Pyongyang's perspectives on international relations under Chairman Kim Jong‐il through analysis of primary texts produced by the DPRK and additional secondary materials. North Korea's international relations theory includes perspectives that: see the state as a basic unit, focus on military capability and conflict, value the importance of ideology, and seek to disclose the unfair nature of the current world order and to build a new world order. The DPRK demands a democratization of international relations that will secure peace and stability and pave the way toward independence of member states and a world economic order that will guarantee a just distribution of wealth among them. The core of Pyongyang's perception of Northeast Asian politics is the dichotomy between the land powers and sea powers. The North identifies itself as a land power along with China and Russia. South Korea belongs to the group of sea powers, siding with Japan and the USA. It is difficult to anticipate a dramatic rewriting of Pyongyang's international relations theory under the current leadership. For the rise of a new theory of international relations more bent on harmony and interdependence, we might have to wait till the arrival of a new leadership in Pyongyang.