Economic View Research Articles

Communism and communists towards the intelligentsia in interwar Poland. An outline of the issue

As a section of the Comintern and a de facto Soviet agent, the Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (CWPP), and subsequently the Communist Party of Poland (CPP), aimed to effect a revolt of the masses—a revolution—which would culminate in making the dictatorship of the proletariat a reality. Holding hegemonic power, the Communists would thus be able to carry out Moscow’s imperial plans in the guise of Communist slogans and ideals. In that struggle, the communist party active on the territory of the Second Republic of Poland, as well as all sections of the Comintern, relied primarily on the working masses, on the proletariat, and with time found support among the landless and rural smallholders: groups which were susceptible to the most extreme revolutionary slogans. Or was there a place for another force, namely the intelligentsia? What positions with regard to the latter were adopted by the Bolsheviks in Russia, the principal ideologists of the Soviet mir and, by virtue of the CWPP/CPP’s subordination to Moscow, by the communist parties in Poland? This is precisely what this text is concerned with: the varying, fairly flexible policy of the communists towards the intelligentsia, which nonetheless was always calculated to serve the interests and goals of Moscow. One rather important detail should be noted here. The intelligentsia in question was neither a homogeneous group in terms of its social, political or economic views nor was it a national or religious monolith; on the contrary, it was characterized by numerous dividing lines, which is why applying a uniform yardstick to assess its attitudes towards communism and vice versa would be erroneous. Hence, this study only outlines and critically discusses the chief directions adopted by the communist party in its treatment of the intelligentsia, as well as the selected modalities of the latter’s approach to communism: from negation, through conformist subservience, to total subordination. All the same, it is merely a voice in the scholarly debate that should continue.

A Heterodox Approach to Masstige: Brand Fetishism, Corporate Pricing, and Rules of Consumer Choice

Masstige, or luxury for the masses, is a phenomenon that requires a heterodox economic approach based on Original Institutional Economics view of corporate power combined with Marxian concept of brand fetishism and post-Keynesian theories of pricing and consumer choice. The attitude toward luxury in classical works on political economy is briefly outlined. By applying the post-Keynesian theory of oligopolistic pricing, we show how the power of luxury brands enables high profits of luxury conglomerates. We use the post-Keynesian theory of consumer choice to differentiate between various types of masstige buyers. JEL Classification: B52, D11, D21, D43

Poverty Reduction in Perspective Economic Islamic

The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of implementation of the poverty alleviation program, the role of the poverty alleviation program and the poverty alleviation pattern of the people of Ponre Waru Village, Wolo District, Kolaka Regency in an Islamic economic perspective. The results and conclusions from this study are that the implementation pattern of the community poverty alleviation program in Ponre Waru Village, Wolo District, Kolaka Regency is in accordance with the guidelines and provisions of the implementation of PKH and BLT and is on target according to the criteria for beneficiaries, the effect of the community poverty alleviation program in Ponre Waru Village with the PKH and BLT programs really helped the village community, because with this assistance it really helped the poor and vulnerable people in Ponre Waru Village and were able to meet the community's primary needs, namely daily needs and secondary needs, namely education and health as well as village development as an assistance program that can indirectly help the people in the village. According to an Islamic economic view, there are 4 patterns of poverty alleviation with Islamic economic principles, namely the principle of monotheism, the principle of balance, the principle of caliph and the principle of justice. In the Islamic economic principles in the implementation of PKH and BLT in Ponre Waru Village it has been applied. Even though the principle of justice has not been fully implemented because there are still people in the village who often complain about determining the prospective beneficiaries and these people can be said to still be in the poor category.

Religiosity and Local Wisdom: Economic Security Strategy of Women of Indigenous Community

This article highlights the meaning of ecclesiastical teachings based on the Bible as the Word of God in an effort to meet the needs of the poor in the Negeri (village) Booi congregation through the tradition or local wisdom of “nutmeg collecting”. This study employs Max Weber’s point of view on social action, where for every social activity carried out, there is always an internal motivation (Vertehen). This study was done in a qualitative manner with an ethnographic approach conducted in April 2022 – December 2022. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data was analyzed following the stages proposed by Chariri with source triangulation as a strategy in examining the data validity. The results show that the local wisdom of “nutmeg collecting” could be used as a strategy in overcoming poverty problems, especially related to income inequality experienced by women. In the mainstream (classical/neoclassical) economic views, the behavior of this indigenous community was certainly very detrimental, as it was related to efforts to maximize income for oneself. However, on the contrary, this local wisdom also emphasized the needs of others which were supported by the religious teachings they believed in. This condition also emphasized that the presence of the local wisdom supported by the religious teachings was an informal insurance that the needs of the poor women of the indigenous community would always be met at any time through the availability of fallen nutmeg.

Islamic Economic View of On-Line Buying and Selling Using a Cash On Delivery System

Islamic Economic View of On-Line Buying and Selling Using a Cash On Delivery System

Potential benefits of introducing the digital ruble in the financial system of Russia

Aim. To substantiate the potential advantages of introducing the digital ruble into the financial system of Russia.Tasks. Theoretical analysis of existing views of Russian and foreign economists on the spread of digital currencies in the modern financial system. To study the possibilities of using digital currencies. Consideration of the concept of introduction of the digital ruble in the financial system of the Russian Federation (RF) and justification of its potential advantages and risks. Study of the digital ruble as a new form of national currency and its legitimization. Analysis of the annual growth rate of the monetary aggregate M0 in Russia for the period 2018-2023.Methods. The study uses system and logical approaches, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis), methods of comparative and economic analysis, analytical processing of information, graphical presentation of information and mathematical modeling.Results. In connection with the growth rate of digitalization development, the trend of digital currencies distribution in the modern financial system of the Russian Federation was characterized: the legislatively enshrined definitions of concepts were analyzed, electronic and digital money were compared, and the main types of digital currencies and their key features were identified. The annual growth rates of the monetary aggregate M0 in Russia for the period 2018-2023 were analyzed.Conclusions. The identified potential advantages of the introduction of the digital ruble into the financial system of Russia will contribute to the reduction of the share of the shadow economy, large settlement transactions using smart contracts, reducing the costs of settlement and payment transactions, which should lead to a positive economic effect, but it is necessary to take into account the risks of this process. Periods of socio-economic instability may lead to an increase in the risk of mass desire of citizens to use cash. The analysis of the annual growth rates of the monetary aggregate M0 in Russia for the period 2018-2023 allowed us to conclude that for the effective implementation of such a property of the digital ruble as markability, it is necessary to reduce the volume of cash in the hands of the population. This goal can be achieved by increasing the financial and digital literacy of the population, which minimizes the risks of its implementation. In the future, the development of digital technologies in the economy will make it possible to give virtual currencies the official status of a means of payment.

State Mechanisms to Stimulate Household Development in the Kyrgyz Republic

This article is devoted to the consideration of state mechanisms for stimulating the development of households in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the introduction, the simplest definition of the concept of ‘economic incentive’ is given, and it is also said that, depending on the type of human activity, the corresponding type of income will be the main economic incentive. The following is a brief history of the different views of economists on the issue of state intervention in the national economy. Then some main statements of modern authors about the role of state regulation of the economy are given. The main part of the article is devoted to the description of state mechanisms for stimulating the development of households in the Kyrgyz Republic. At the same time, special attention is paid to the state stimulation of employment and entrepreneurial activity.

Economizing Managerial Efficiency in Family Firms: Suggestions for Indicators

Family businesses are poorly resilient to changes in the economic environment. The last few years, the time of the pandemic or the war in Ukraine, have shown that family businesses are heavily dependent on the competence of the managers who manage them. The author focused on the optimal selection of financial indicators and an economical view of organizational and managerial competence.

Методические и нормативно-правовые основы реализации проектов взаимодействия субъектов производственного сектора уголовно-исполнительной системы с представителями бизнес-сообщества

The article presents the results of a study of the methodological and regulatory framework for the implementation of projects for the interaction of subjects of the production sector of the penitentiary system with representatives of the business community. It is proved that the problem of the development of integration relations in the penitentiary system remains insufficiently studied both in terms of economic theory and from the point of view of economics and management. The above research results allow us to conclude that in today's conditions, the approach to building relationships between participants in integration processes is relevant, primarily as partnerships in the form of certain projects involving representatives of the business community, which are based on the fundamental common interests of the participants.

Pendapatan Nasional Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

The understanding of national income in both conventional and Islamic economics is examined in detail in this study. This study aims to comprehend the definition of national income, Islamic economics' perspective on the national approach, and the factors that influence the national approach. The strategy utilized in this examination is a library of research techniques and decisive reasoning from the creator. The literature review and a number of pertinent works related to the main topic of discussion serve as the basis for the discussion in this study. According to the findings of this study, a nation's national income is the total amount a community in a country receives in a single year. Public pay can likewise be estimated utilizing pointers like GDP (Gross domestic product) or Gross Public Pay (GNI), which measure the worth of all labor and products created within the limits of a nation or by residents of a country. From the point of view of Islamic economics, ghanimah, zakat, alms, infaq, ushr, jizyah, kharaj, mining taxes and waqf are all sources of national income. Factors that impact pay incorporate total interest and supply, utilization and reserve funds, and venture.

Islamic Economics and Politico-Legal Policy: Defining The Fundamental Role of Government In Creating Prudential Business System

This study aims to examine in depth the role of the government in stabilizing, allocating and distributing nation-wealth by minimizing monopoly from Islamic economics views as well as contemporary legal practices. The research method used is phenomenological-qualitative and empirical legal study. Data collected by observing the models formulated by fiqh experts and their implications for economic justice based on literature studies and empirical practices. The findings prove that in the discourse of fiqh and Islamic history, the government has strategic position in combating monopoly by its intervention in overcoming unfair economic practices. It has supreme political power and strong duty to create nation-welfare by paving the way towards social prosperity based on religious moral principles. The duty of government to stabilize, allocate and distribute nation-wealth must run on the notions of social justice and fair treatment for all. The existing rules of anti-monopoly may be compared and referred. The arguments that are in line to the conclusion: First, the historical facts at the beginning of Islam are in conformity of such a model. Second, there are some supportive legal arguments of fiqh scholars and existing present example. From these findings, it can be concluded that the study of Islamic economics has an important contribution in encouraging the role of the government to overcome the practice of monopolistic behavior or unfair business practices. In practical sense, such a policy must be realized in the type of checked and balanced social system that lead to social justice and good governance.

Sistem Bagi Hasil Pertanian di Desa Mengen Kecamatan Tamanan Kabupaten Bondowoso dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Business and work activities are strongly influenced by the conditions of an area, where people live and live. In rural areas, people generally depend on agriculture and rice fields for their livelihood. As in Mengen Village, Tamanan District, Bondowoso Regency, which is the location of this research, most of the people are engaged in agriculture, because the structure of the area is very suitable for the growth requirements of plants such as rice, vegetables, and the like. One way that is done by the community is by way of cooperation, because there are landowners who have several plots of land but cannot work on them for some reason so that the cultivators are represented by other people. Whereas in the distribution of the results it is divided each time of harvest, but sometimes in determining the distribution of the results there are parties who are disadvantaged, namely the land owner, because if there is a loss the cultivator does not want to know, the harvest is a profit or a loss, so this makes it not in accordance with Islamic economic views, because there is a tendency for one of the parties to be harmed. Therefore this research is to find out how the agricultural profit-sharing system is and whether the profit-sharing system is in accordance with the perspective of Islamic economics. The type of research method used is descriptive qualitative which uses field research methods (primary data) and library research (secondary data). Primary data is data taken from the first source in the field, namely landowners and sharecroppers, while secondary data is obtained from literature studies by reading books and journals related to these problems. Based on the results obtained, the agricultural profit-sharing system in Mengen village is that the land owner provides seeds and costs, while sharecroppers provide the tools and work used to work on the land, then the harvest is divided based on the agreement of both parties at the beginning of the contract, namely 1/5 than 100% or 80:20, and the distribution of the harvest is in accordance with Islamic economic principles.

Geographies of green industries: The interplay of firms, technologies, and the environment

The emergence of green industries has been considered from multiple social science perspectives. Economic geographers view green industries as unevenly distributed firms forging green development paths. Sustainability transitions scholars view green industries as niche sectors struggling to mainstream green technologies in existing socio-technical systems. Political ecologists view green industries as metabolic actors whose development shapes and is shaped by the environment. Conceptualizing green industries as the interplay of green firms, socio-technical systems and the environment, this article proposes an integrative framework that synthesizes the three aforementioned perspectives for a research agenda of the geographies of green industries.

Carbon dioxide emissions and the economic growth: competitiveness and economic development view

PurposeThis study aims to shed light on the experience of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in balancing three main pillars: the environmental criteria, the reduction of CO2 emissions and the economic growth. Based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, it will assess the causal relationship between economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, trade openness and energy use and environmental indicators such as CO2 emissions.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis relies on a period of 40 years (1981–2020) where data is extracted from the World Bank database. This study uses the unit root test for time series stationarity, the optimal lag length test, the “Johansen” test for co-integration and the vector error correction model.FindingsThe paper concludes to two major findings. On a short-term basis, CO2 emissions and economic indicators are negatively correlated, whereas on a long-term basis, there is no association between CO2 emissions and economic indicators in the UAE.Research limitations/implicationsThe research ends with important recommendations. It illustrates the importance of rationalizing the use of primary resources and the necessity to embrace successful and efficient policies in the energy production.Practical implicationsMore specifically, UAE is urged to address the problem of CO2 emissions in the electricity sector and increase awareness of the use of environmentally friendly processes in the transport and industrial sectors. While setting their economic agendas, UAE are encouraged to meet environmental criteria and invest in renewable energy projects such as “Shams 1”, the largest solar power plant outside of Spain and the USA.Originality/valueThe current study is significant in its research on the environmental impact of economic development, trade openness and energy use policies in the UAE. It uses CO2 emissions as an environmental proxy and evaluates the environmental policies adopted in the UAE to reduce its impact.

Partisans like any other? How populist supporters assess the economy when their party is in office

AbstractPopulist supporters have been found to take cues from populist incumbents. Yet, little is known about how they incorporate party cues in their political beliefs when populists are in office. This research note argues that (1) citizens who identify with populist parties engage in partisan motivated reasoning – that is, they are driven by the desire to be consistent with their partisan allegiances – and that (2) they engage in partisan motivated reasoning more intensely than their non-populist counterparts because populist party cues strongly prompt them to process biased information. Drawing on data from the European Social Survey, it is evidenced that populist supporters express much warmer economic views when their parties hold power. Warm economic views are also found to increase significantly more in accordance with strength of partisanship and exposure to political information for populist supporters than for non-populist supporters when their respective parties govern. Results highlight a mechanism by which populist incumbents are likely to remain attractive despite their poor economic record. They have implications for our understanding of the mainstreaming of populist parties in Europe.

PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, PROFITABILITAS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

This research was conducted to obtain the results of the effect of firm size, leverage, profitability and liquidity on firm value. In this test, the researcher uses a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The technique used to collect samples is purposive sampling. A total of 78 companies were selected to assist with this research, and version 12 of the Eviews (Economic Views) program was used to manage the data. In the tests conducted, the researchers found that firm size and profitability had a significant and significant effect on firm value, while leverage and liquidity had no a significant and no significant effect on firm value.

BAGAIMANA PANDANGAN ISLAM TERHADAP TRANSAKSI ARISAN?: SEBUAH STUDI LITERATUR

Abstract This study aims to examine arisan transactions in Indonesia from an economic perspective in general and an Islamic economic perspective in particular. Along with the development of times and culture, so do human needs. Man has been given freedom of worship, but with limited freedom. A wide variety of practices and transactions are evolving today to meet needs. One example of a practice that is commonly found in the community is social gathering. This type of research is qualitative research with a literature study approach. Data were obtained from articles and journals from pre-existing research. The results showed that arisan when viewed from its acquisition, there are two forms of arisan, namely arisan goods and arisan money. Based on an economic perspective, social gatherings can be a means of saving, helping business sustainability, and can also be used as a business strategy. Meanwhile, from an accounting perspective, arisan is interpreted as an investment activity with the motive of avoiding inflation. Islamic economics views arisan as a transaction that can be punished mubah (permissible) as long as it does not contain elements that do not contradict the principle of muamalah. Keywords: Arisan, Islamic Economics, Muamalah

Sustainability and energy communities: Assessing the potential of building energy retrofit and renewables to lead the local energy transition

Energy Communities are based on principles of renewables, efficiency, local ownership, to improve energy supply and demand. This study evaluates performance of communities, moving from single buildings to the comprehensive performance. The method combines several tools, including DesignBuilder® and EnergyPlus for simulation, MATLAB® as optimization engine. To determine best options, three retrofit scenarios are compared using three performance indicators: primary energy consumption (PEC), CO2 emission, and running cost (RC). Moreover, evaluation of the investment - with specific economic indicators for helping the citizen to be able to understand the profitability of each individual intervention and so to help him in the choice once an economic constraint - is set. The first retrofit scenario involves insulation of both opaque transparent envelopes, while the second is a retrofit of only systems, through replacement of existing ones and introduction of renewable sources and batteries. Results show how the third scenario - a retrofit trade-off between the first two - offers the greatest PEC, CO2 emission, and RC reduction of 71.35%, 73.42% and 60.52%, respectively. Even from a purely economic view, the third intervention represents a better investment when considering annual economic savings, as shown by increasing net present values.

An Historical Background of Andalusia’s Unemployment: An Institutional Perspective

This work aims to shed light on the ultimate causes of structural unemployment in the Spanish region of Andalusia where it persistently exceeds the already high national average. The origins of modern Andalusia hark back to the Early Modern Age when most Iberian states amalgamated into a single entity. Unlike its northern counterparts, Andalusia was mostly a Muslim country and its incorporation in the Western European world was implemented through forced assimilation. Five centuries after the conquest, the transposition of northern institutions into the South has resulted in a backward region with age-old problems of economic development and unemployment. I have brought together elements such as violence, landownership, trust, and the role of the state, from the point of view of the original institutional economics

ЕКОНОМІКА НАДЛИШКУ ГРОШЕЙ

The article is devoted to the formation of an economy in which there is a relative surplus of money. Excess money is seen as a consequence of the policy of quantitative easing, which was carried out by the central banks of developed countries. Peculiarities of growth in the ratio of money supply and gross domestic product for individual countries have been studied. It is shown that financing the reconstruction of Ukraine corresponds to the own economic interests of the donor countries, as it will help to correct certain systemic imbalances of monetary circulation in their economies. This imbalance is embodied in a relative surplus of money. This surplus is of a different nature than that implied by the quantity theory of money. From the point of view of behavioral economics, money is a tool for motivating the subject to action (or, when necessary, inaction). Stimulation of activity, in particular, entrepreneurial activity, due to the opportunity to get more money is a characteristic feature of the capitalist economy. Considering that the value of money is important not in itself, but in relation to what it is used for, we can imagine that the creeping inflation of even the most seemingly basic and solid world currencies (the US dollar, the British pound, the euro) is evidence of a certain loss of vision of what money is needed for and, accordingly, how much money is needed in the economy. The dynamics of the ratio of the money supply to the manufactured product can serve as an indicator of the existence of a problem in the monetary supply of the functioning of the world economy. A gradual increase in the ratio of money supply to GDP is observed in all countries. The rate of growth of this indicator in developed countries is generally close to the world average. In poor countries characterized by low rates of economic growth, the ratio of money supply to GDP remains quite low. Moreover, in our opinion, the leading role here is played not so much by low per capita income as by low rates of economic growth. According to the group of countries with an average level of per capita income (and especially, with “above average” incomes), the ratio is significantly higher than the world average level. The growth of the ratio of money supply to GDP is especially noticeable in the countries of the Far East, which took as an example the strategy that led to the Japanese “ economic miracle.” This strategy involves the acceleration of economic growth at the expense of the preemptive development of export-oriented industries. Periods of accelerated economic development precisely reveal the motivational role of money. Entrepreneursinnovators should receive more money. the state, or rather, its monetary regulator, the central bank, facilitates the conditions providing loans to help innovators dare and take a decisive step into something new. Entrepreneurs have separated the desire to earn money from the desire to spend to meet real needs. Due to the saturation of the economy with money, the state has already reached a high level of monetization, which indicates accumulated monetary wealth. The owners of this monetary wealth need new directions of investment, because after the ideological and motivational potential of Internetization was exhausted, the banking and financial infrastructure began to fail. A series of crises (2001, 2008-2009, 2020) was the result of a mismatch between the large accumulated monetary wealth and the lack of ideas for its profitable investment. Reconstruction of Ukraine can become such a profitable investment idea.