Economic Value Of Mangrove Forests Research Articles

Economic Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystem in Sari Ringgung, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province

Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in human life. It’s ecological role includes trapping sediment, protecting shorelines, and providing a natural habitat. The economic function of mangrove forests is for it to be a place for mangrove ecotourism, source of fisheries, source of food, and so on. This research aimed to quantify the monetary value of mangrove forests in Sari Ringgung. The method used in this study is an exploratory descriptive method that quantifies the total value of direct and indirect use of mangrove forest ecosystems. The research results showed that the mangroves found mainly consisted of 5 types i.e. Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylos, and Bruguiera cylindrica. The total economic value of mangrove forests in the Sari Ringgung area, Pesawaran Regency is IDR 109,953,256,105, which consists of the use value ofIDR 46,855,529,425 and the non-use value of IDR 888,172,548. The use value consists of a direct use value of IDR 138,060,000 and an indirect use value of 46,717,469,425, while the non-use value consists of an existence value of 874,366,548, an option value of 62,209,554,132 and a value of 13,806,000. The total economic value of the mangrove forests was in the high-value category, although the area of mangrove forests in Sari Ringgung and Pesawaran Regency has decreased.

Calculating Economic Valuation of Mangrove Forest in Bengkalis Regency, Indonesia

This research aims to determine the total economic value of mangrove forests on Bengkalis Island, Bengkalis Regency, Indonesia. Data collection in the field was done through observation and interviews. The research was carried out from October 2020 to March 2021. The results showed that the total economic value of mangrove forests was US$ 5.8 million per year. This study uses Total Economic Value (TEV) as a framework for estimating the value of the benefits of mangrove forests in Bengkalis. In addition, another value taken into account in this study is the function of mangroves as abrasion barrier, barrier to seawater intrusion, and a provider of nutrients for marine biota. The results of this study underscore the importance of mangrove ecosystems for the economy of coastal areas.

Economic valuation of Pade'an Hamlet mangrove forest, Jarangan Village, Rejoso District, Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia

The mangrove ecosystem has enormous benefits for the community, especially for people who live on the coast, including the mangroves in the Pade'an Hamlet, Jarangan Village, Rejoso District, Pasuruan Regency. This study aims to determine the economic value of mangrove forest in Pade’an Hamlet area using total economic value approach. This study used descriptive analysis to explain the activity of utilizing the natural resources of the mangrove ecosystem and quantitative analysis to calculate the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem. The economic value of mangrove forests in the Pade'an Hamlet area per year is IDR 10,092,881,400.00. The total economic value obtained from the direct-use value (utilization of the fisheries sector) amounted to IDR 7,593,550,000.00/year, indirect-use value (abrasion restraints) amounted to IDR 2,335,952,000.00/year, option value (biodiversity) amounted to IDR 13,379,400.00/year, and existence value calculated from the willingness to pay of the local community is IDR 150,000,000.00/year. The magnitude of the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Pade’an Hamlet area indicates that the mangrove ecosystem provides huge of essential benefits to the community.

Optimal Mangrove Forest Management Based on Economic Value

The activity of converting forest areas to non-forestry land uses has an impact on the decline in the function of forests as a buffer for sustainable development. The attempts to maintain the existence of forests need serious attention and need comprehensive, multi-sectoral handling, especially in the Mangrove Forest sector. The conversion of mangrove forest areas is caused by several factors, including community activities that convert forest areas into ponds. This study aimed to analyze the economic value of mangrove forests that are managed for tourism purposes and which have been converted into ponds and to analyze the economic value of mangrove forest management which is managed for the purpose of a combination of tourism ponds. The method used in this study was interview method with the community. The data obtained was then analyzed by using descriptive and quantitative analysis which was then calculated by using the method of calculating the total economic value (TEV). The results showed that there was a total economic value that was quite different between the two research locations, where in the mangrove forest area that had been converted into pond had a total economic value of 45,077,871/ha/year; while, in the mangrove forest area for tourism purposes, it had a total economic value of 45,077,871/ha/year. The total economic value is 85,381,115/ha/year. From the value of the two locations, the mangrove forest area for tourism purposes has a greater total economic value than the mangrove forest area that has been converted to pond due to some of the ecological functions of the mangrove forest that have been converted to pond land; while in the Mangrove forest area for tourism, it has added value in the form of economic value obtained from it. Therefore, to optimize the management of mangrove forests that have been converted into pond, a forest management scenario planning design is made with a combination between forest management method and the MMSSL management method (Mundur Selangkahuntuk Maju Sepuluh Langkah/ Step Back for Ten Steps Forward).

VALUASI EKONOMI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA MANGROVE DI DESA BALANG BARU KECAMATAN TAROWANG KABUPATEN JENEPONTO

This study aims to determine the economic value of mangrove forests in Balang Baru Village and recommend strategies for developing mangrove forest tourism objects in Balang Baru Village, Kec. Tarowang Kab. Jeneponto. The results showed that the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Balang Baru Village, Kec. Tarowang Kab. Jeneponto consists of direct benefit value, indirect benefit value, option value and existence value. Based on the results obtained, the focus of the strategy recommendations is then determined. The results of the analysis show that the strategy used is in diagram 1, which is to support an aggressive growth policy, where this position is a very profitable situation. The strategy used in the aggressive growth policy is optimizing the Balang Baru mangrove tourism attraction while maintaining its uniqueness and sustainability, providing guidance to tourism managers and coordinating with the government and other parties to support the development of mangrove tourism areas.

Economic Valuation of Mangrove Forest in Tanakeke Island, Takalar District, South Sulawesi Province

Mangrove forests on Tanakeke Island provide many benefits, both direct and indirect benefits. All the benefits received/enjoyed by the community so far have never been calculated/valued in money so sometimes the community does not realize how much value is actually given by this mangrove forest and how much it contributes to their income. Resource economic valuation is a method used to estimate the monetary value of goods and services provided by mangrove forest resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the total economic value of the benefits of mangrove forests on Tanakeke Island. The total economic value of the benefits of mangrove forests is derived from the value of direct benefits (tree, firewood, charcoal, seaweed stake, fish and mangrove crabs), indirect benefits (anchoring abrasion and intrusion), optional benefits, existence benefits and inheritance benefits. Based on the results of calculations, the total economic value of mangrove forests on Tanakeke Island is Rp73,563,108,250.00/year or Rp127,492,388.00/ha/year. Direct benefits provide the greatest value of Rp44,173,560,000.00/year (60.05%), then indirect benefits of Rp14,257,696,532.00/year (19.38%), the benefit of being Rp10,597,566,668.00/year (14.41%), the inheritance benefit of Rp4,417,356,000/year (6.00%) and optional benefits of Rp116,929,050/year (0.16%).

ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FOREST ECONOMIC IN KOTANIA BAY, WEST SERAM DISTRICT

Analysis of the economic value of mangrove forests in Kotania Bay, West Seram District is important to study. Mangrove forest ecosystems are often regarded as public property resources that can be used by anyone without regard to its sustainability aspects. Over-utilization results in the depletion of mangrove forest resources and the ability of ecosystems to provide environmental services is decreasing. The low knowledge of the local community for the potential of mangrove forests as an economic source, it is necessary to do an economic valuation of the magnitude and benefits of mangrove forests. The Methods used in this study is Total Economic Value (TEV) based on direct benefits, indirect benefits and the optional benefits. The results showed that the direct benefits of economic value is IDR 318,360,000 / year (44%), indirect benefits is IDR 243,468,473 / year (34%), optional benefits is IDR 163586,356 / year (22%) while the TEV is IDR 725,414,829 / year.

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MANGROVE FOREST IN THE EAST COAST OF THE CITY OF SURABAYA, EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

The city of Surabaya has been voted as one of the pilot areas of mangrove forest conservation in ASEAN. Most of the mangrove forest area in the city of Surabaya spread across the East Coast (Pamurbaya). The purpose of this study is to estimate the total economic value of mangrove forests in the area as a source of information for planning and evaluation of conservation policy. The results of the valuation involving some valuation techiques, both market and non-market approaches, yield total economic value of about Rp 49.6 billion (US$ 3.8 million) per year, or 105.3 million (US$ 8,101.8) per ha per year. Almost all of these values is the use value, particularly direct use valule both extractive (timber and fisheries) and non extractive (outdoor recreation). Indirect use value which consists of abrasion barrier and carbon sinks contributed relatively small compared to the direct use value. Meanwhile, non-use value is the smallest contributors to the total economic value. This fact proves that the mangrove forest in Pamurbaya has economic benefits outweigh the ecological benefits. Keywords: economic valuation, mangrove, non-market approach, the city of Surabaya

Assessing the changes of mangrove ecosystem services value in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone

The Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) is the largest global special economic zone in the field of oil, gas, and petrochemical industry. The Nayband national marine park is located in the PSEEZ and mangrove forests are spread throughout the estuaries (Bidkhun or Asaloyeh, Basatin and Haleh) of the park. Despite important goods and ecosystem services of mangroves and their high economic value, mangroves within the PSEEZ are threatened by activities of the oil industry. Thus, it is necessary to monitor and assess the mangroves and their ecosystem services. In this context, remote sensing technologies provide effective tools for spatio-temporal analysis of mangrove distribution. In this study, Landsat-5, 7, 8 images were used from 1986 to 2018. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Sen's slope was employed for monitoring mangrove cover changes and estimating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) trends. In assessing the economic value of the ecosystem services of the Mangrove forests, the mangrove distribution changes and global values of mangrove ecosystem services were integrated. The results revealed that the coverage of mangroves had increased to about nearly 204.93 ha in area from 1986 to 2003, followed by a drop to 169.29 ha in 2018. The economic value of mangrove forests of the PSEEZ in 1986, 1998, 2003, 2015 and 2018 was estimated to be about 3.3, 3.8, 6.7, 6.5 and 5.5 million US dollars per year, respectively. Based on Sen's slope, the NDVI trend in Basatin estuary decreased at a rate of −0.001, but showed significant increases of about 0.008 and 0.006 for the Bidkhun and the Haleh estuaries, respectively. Despite the suitable distribution and an economic value of $1.9 million in 1986, conditions of the Basatin estuary seem to have diminished from 1986 to 2018 (economic value of $0.71 million in 2018). The Bidkhun estuary, which showed a positive trend in distribution changes, has also been downgrading since 2015 to about 30.43 ha in size, and an economic value of $1 million. Since 1998, the mangroves of Haleh estuary have been improving distribution-wise, with further elevations in economic value ($ 0.26 million in 2018).

Economic Value of Mangrove Forest in Pannikiang Island, Barru District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mangrove forest area is a very important area in Pannikiang. Mangrove forests in this area are used by the community as a livelihood. This study wants to learn about the economic valuation of mangrove forests on Pannikiang Island, Makassar. A total of 60 respondents were interviewed in depth. Benefit value, calculated using the value of Direct Use, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, Existence Value, and Total Economic Value. The total economic value of mangrove forests on the Pannikiang Island Rp. 16,155,904,158/year or Rp. 183,007,523,300/ha/year. The patterns and manner of utilization, resource mangrove ecosystem is using gear nets, traps, hooks iron in catching shrimp and crab, develop nursery mangrove system with scraped or directly from the fruit, using gear nets, traps, using an iron hook and set traps crab (rakkang) in catch crabs, catch the bat, found in the mangrove forest, using the net, made bridge length, and the middle of the mangrove forest tower area so that the end could be resting and go up to the tower to see the entire expanse of the forest mangrove Pannikiang Island, wanamina cultivation, which combines farming of fish/shrimp with mangroves.

VALUASI EKONOMI HUTAN MANGROVE DI TANJUNG DUDEPO, KECAMATAN BOLAANG UKI, KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW SELATAN

The objectives of the study were to analyze: (1) direct and indirect benefits; and (2) The total economic value of mangrove forests in Dudepo Cape, Bolaang Uki Sub-district, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted inside and around the area of mangrove protected forest in Dudepo Cape. The study was conducted for 3 (three) months from January - March of 2016. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews with the community based on prepared questionnaires. Sampling colection using purposive sampling method. Secondary data were collected including from Bolaang Uki Sub-district Office and Dudepo Village Office. The data collected from the field were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis methods. The study found that (1) the direct benefits earned by the community consisted of the value of forest products and the value of the fishery benefits (the benefits of wood for house construction, the benefits of wood for houses, the benefits of firewood, the benefits of wood for stakes and fences, the benefits of shrimp, and the benefits of crabs). While the value of indirect benefits of abrasion retention and erosion benefits, the benefits of choice, the benefits of existence and inheritance benefits. (2) The total economic value of mangrove forest ecosystem in Dudepo village consists of direct benefit value of Rp. 822,165,000 / year of indirect benefit amount of Rp. 453.792.178 / year, the value of the preferred benefit of Rp. 306.405.000./year, the value of the existence benefit of Rp. 1.372.635 / year, the value of the existence benefit of Rp. 13.353.660 / year. and inheritance value of Rp. 82.216.500 / year. The total economic value of the total benefit of mangrove forest ecosystem in Dudepo village is Rp. 1.677.932.338./ year.

Valuasi Ekonomi Hutan Mangrove di Pulau Untung Jawa Kepulauan Seribu : Studi Konservasi Berbasis Green Economy

Promoting forest as one of green economy asset in Indonesia become an important agenda in the process of development. Forests have an important role as a source of foreign exchange and also as a form of natural resource wealth. The era of globalization with the accelerated economic growth increases the need for both, the fields of agriculture, infrastructure, land requirements and other sectors. Increased human needs are giving a positive correlation to the increased pressure on forests. Mangrove forests as one of the most productive ecosystems in the world are also experiencing the same threat. The expansion of settlements and ponds in coastal areas lead to degradation of mangrove forests is very high. The economic value of mangrove forests of diverse functions such as shoreline protection, habitat for aquatic organisms, carbon storage, and a variety of other functions has not been a lot of concern to the public and policy makers. This study aimed to quantify the economic value of mangrove forests in Untung Jawa Island, Thousand Islands as an effort to support the government's program to realize the green economy in the forestry sector. Method of economic calculation mangrove forests in this research is to calculate the Total Economic Value / Total Economic Valuation (TEV), which consists of direct use values (Direct Use Value) and indirect use values (Indirect Use Value). The results showed that the direct use value of mangrove forests in Untung Jawa Island is Rp. 395,126,912 which includes the value of timber, fruit value, and the value of the fishery, while the indirect use value is Rp. 7,500,600,000 calculated from the value of coastal protection, the value of foraging, conservation value, educational value, and recreational value. The total economic value (total economic value) of mangrove forests in Untung Jawa Island reached Rp. 7,895,726,912Keywords : mangrove, green economy, total economic valuation

Sustainable management of mangrove forests in West Africa: A new policy perspective?

Mangrove resources are extensively harvested by urban-dwellers and rural community members across West Africa. It is un-known how current legislation and policy tools used to manage this ecosystem influence its sustainability in West Africa. However, current practices of mangrove wood harvesting are affecting the sustainability of this ecosystem. This paper explores literature to identify government institutions and legislations under which mangrove forests are managed, and critically analyzes the capacity of these institutions and regulations in promoting the sustainability of mangroves forests. The paper further uses mangrove wood harvesting and mangrove forests projects as case studies to assess the appropriateness of these legislations, enforcement and contribution to mangrove forests sustainability in West Africa.Results indicate there are too many institutions, with devolved roles and responsibilities charged with the management of mangrove forests. Countries of the region have ratified several international conventions and are using associated national natural resources legislations to support mangrove forests management. However, mangrove wood harvesting practices and patterns are almost un-regulated across these countries. Mangrove wood harvesting is strongly influenced by gender type, physical strength and market forces, rather than existing legislations under which mangroves are managed. Government institutions have partnered with national and international NGOS to implement projects that are contributing to alleviate anthropogenic pressures from mangrove forests. This marginal performance is the result of limited logistic capacity, lack of sustained financial resources, inappropriate legislations, policies, and lack of political interest, coupled with lack of data on the economic value of mangrove forests across countries of the region.Mangrove forests thus deserve appropriate regulations and policies that consider their socio-economic and ecological peculiarities. Such legislations should highlight economic incentives that promote ecosystem conservation; and management systems with good governance indicators that measure and promote ecosystem health and stakeholders' interests.

Nilai Ekonomi Total Hutan Mangrove Desa Margasari Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai Kabupaten Lampung Timur

The utilization of non timber forest products that represent potential mangrove forests lack of consideration of various products and services that can be produced. Conversion of mangrove forest to other uses deemed more profitable than explored the potential. The purpose of research that was conducted in April-May 2013 were to calculate the total economic value of mangrove forest in Margasari village sub district of Labuhan Maringgai district of Lampung Timur. Respondents are 43 mangrove forest communities selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by direct observation and interviews, the analyzed using the formula total economic value (TEV). The results showed the total economic value of mangrove forests of Rp 10.530.519.419,00 of year consisted by (1) direct use value of Rp 1.877.440.000,00 of year of utilization of fuel wood, leaves and mangrove fruit, (2) indirect use values of Rp 8.915.036.479,00 of year of natural food provider for the marine life, (3) option value of Rp 103.425.000,00 of year of biodiversity and (4) existence value of Rp 1.580.000,00 of year of society's willingness to pay.

Recreation Value of Hara Biosphere Reserve using Willingness-to-pay method

Hara Biosphere Reserve in southern Hormozgan province with 85686 hectares areas is located between Bandar Khamir and Queshm Island. This area can be considered as the most spectacular regions of Iran for a unique coastal Seascape. Mangrove forests and amazing biodiversity make this region as the most significant ecotourism areas throughout the country. This research attempts to determine recreation value of Mangrove forests and willingness of the tourists to pay for ecotourism areas using Contingent Valuation Method and dichotomous choice questionnaire. Socio-economic assessment of the study area was carried out through the analysis of the tourist- filled questionnaires in 2006 based on proper and logical time and place distribution. Logit model was used to determine the willingness of individuals, because the model's parameters are based on methods of Maximum likelihood. Results show that 81.2 % of the individuals are willing to pay for recreation value forms of Mangrove forests. The annual average Willingness-to-Pay for this region is us 5 per visit. Moreover, the annual economic value of Mangrove forests was estimated us 97.5/ acre which shows Existence values of these kinds of forests and also the necessity for planning to employ the recreation capabilities in the study area.

VALUING MANGROVE CONSERVATION IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

Mangroves are ecologically important coastal wetland systems that are under severe threat globally. In Thailand, the main cause of mangrove conversion is shrimp farming, which is a major source of export income for the country. However, local communities benefit from many direct and indirect uses of mangrove ecosystems and may have a strong incentive to protect these areas, which puts them into direct confrontation with shrimp farm operators and, by proxy, government authorities. The article examines whether or not the full conversion of mangroves into commercial shrimp farms is worthwhile once the key environmental impacts are taken into account. The estimated economic value of mangrove forests to a local community is in the range of $27,264‐$35,921 per hectare. This estimate includes the value to local communities of direct use of wood and other resources collected from the mangroves as well as additional external benefits in terms of off‐shore fishery linkages and coastline protection from shrimp farms. The results indicate that, although shrimp farming creates enormous private benefits, it is not so economically viable once the externalities generated by mangrove destruction and water pollution are included. There is also an incentive for local communities to protect mangroves, which in turn implies that the rights of local people to guard and protect this resource should be formally recognized and enforced by law.

Valuing mangrove conservation in Southern Thailand

Mangroves are ecologically important coastal wetland systems that are under severe threat globally. In Thailand, the main cause of mangrove conversion is shrimp farming, which is a major source of export income for the country. However, local communities benefit from many direct and indirect uses of mangrove ecosystems and may have a strong incentive to protect these areas, which puts them into direct confrontation with shrimp farm operators and, by proxy, government authorities. The article examines whether or not the full conversion of mangroves into commercial shrimp farms is worthwhile once the key environmental impacts are taken into account. The estimated economic value of mangrove forests to a local community is in the range of $27,264-$35,92l per hectare. This estimate includes the value to local communities of direct use of wood and other resources collected from the mangroves as well as additional external benefits in terms of off-shore fishery linkages, and coastline protection from shrimp farms. The results indicate that, although shrimp farming creates enormous private benefits, it is not so economically viable once the externalities generated by mangrove destruction and water pollution are included. There is also an incentive for local communities to protect mangroves, which in turn implies that the rights of local people to guard and protect this resource should be formally recognized and enforced by law.