Process Of Economic Transformation Research Articles

Formation of industrial enterprises adaptation links at innovative cluster

The alternative approaches to the definition of the concept of and communication are investigated. The role of adaptation in ensuring the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise as part of an innovative production cluster is determined. The theoretical issues of the formation of a system of adaptation of enterprises to environmental conditions are investigated. It is shown that the processes of economic transformation, which are characteristic of the national innovation environment, and the processes of globalization are the reason for rethinking the current and strategic tasks of the enterprise. Changes in the adaptive environment under the influence of globalization are analyzed. The influence of the competitive environment on factors of economic efficiency of the enterprise is considered. The essence of the clustering of economic relations in the creation of a single economic mechanism is revealed. It is proved that thanks to the system of adaptive ties, the development of which is ensured by the cluster, a synergistic effect is created. A classification system for cluster adaptation links is proposed. The main vector in this classification defines the characteristics of the types of economic activity. It is shown that the partnership efficiency depends on them. The factors that ensure the development of the adaptation linkages cluster in a competitive environment are disclosed. A methodology for the formation of adaptive ties of industrial enterprises is proposed .

Rural Development initiatives of Baram Community of Takukot of Barpaksulikot rural municipality of Gorkha, Nepal

Rural development is process of socio economic transformation of rural people by rural people. So as the rural people Baram community of Gorkha have initiated own development interventions on different sectors of local development. Rural development is a process of action with economic, political, cultural and social dimensions. To put it differently, agricultural development is a process whereby the farmers possess modern knowledge and information. It is imperative for the farmers to have and accept the necessary technologies, innovations and knowledge for the rural development. The objective of the study is to explore the rural development initiatives on Environment, Agriculture, Tourism, Innovation, Employment, Migration, and informal economy of Baram Community of Takukot Gorkha Nepal. Methodologically 10 households were surveyed as Household questionnaire survey (HS). Purposively 1 female and 4 male ward members were selected for focus group discussion (FGD) in ward office. One ward chairperson was invited for Key Informant’s Interview (KII). In conclusion Baram community is one of the dignified community of Nepal. Economically and socially their living standard is below the satisfactory line. They are marginalized people but laborious and active in rural development activities in rural municipalities. Baram communities are highly active in environment conservation, modern agriculture, rural innovation, tourism, employment generation and other informal economies.

Marriage, Childbearing and Single Motherhood: Trends in Attitudes and Behaviour in Czechia and Slovakia from 1991 to 2017

Given the intensive political and economic transformation process, followedby demographic changes that has characterized the Czech Republic and Slovakia since 1989, we examine the variation in personal values and attitudes towards marriage, childbearing and single motherhood in these two countries. The main goal is to examine if the trends in values concerning marriage, childbearingand single motherhood observed between 1991 and 2017 were accompanied by similar demographic changes. Data from four waves of the European Value Study (EVS) are used, together with official vital demographic statistics. Our analysis shows that the correspondence between attitudinal survey-micro-dataand aggregated (statistical) macro data is quite considerable and that there is a link/association between attitudes and behaviours.

Gender Dimensions of Mountain Agriculture: A Note on Arunachal Pradesh, India

Agriculture in Arunachal Pradesh, a state located in the eastern Himalayas, used to be primarily need-based. Slash and burn agriculture, locally called jhum, was the foundation of the traditional economy. In the past decades, agriculture in the mountain areas has undergone significant change. This shift from need-based to commercial agriculture has been accompanied by a shift from collective to private rights over land. This paper argues that such changes in the mountain agriculture systems are better understood as a gendered process of social and economic transformation. Agrarian change has affected men and women in Arunachal Pradesh in different ways. Women farmers continue to work in agriculture, but their rights are gradually getting eroded as a result of the commercialisation of the economy.

Dualism and Structural Transformation: The Informal Manufacturing Sector in India

We identify a basic dualism within the informal manufacturing sector (IMS) in India between a ‘traditional’/non-capitalist segment, comprising family-based household enterprises that constitute the vast majority of the IMS, and a segment of ‘modern’/capitalist enterprises employing wage labour. We focus on the high-growth decade of 2000–2001 to 2010–2011 to analyse whether there has been a marked tendency of this ‘traditional’ segment to transform into a ‘modern’ segment. We construct a variable, the net accumulation fund, which indicates the ability of an enterprise to accumulate and grow, and explore its evolution, over time and across industries, for enterprises with different production structures and firm-level characteristics. We show that while, on one hand, the average ‘traditional’ enterprise has been able to economically reproduce itself rather than withering away, the dualism between the ‘traditional’/non-capitalist and the ‘modern’/capitalist segments has been reproduced and further reinforced during this period of high economic growth, raising questions about the process of economic transformation as envisaged in much of development literature.

Career of the European project manager

<br/><b>Goal:</b> The aim of the article is to present the nature and specificity of the professional career of European project managers. <br/><b>Material and methods:</b> The study was of qualitative character. The aim of the study was to learn about the career development and opinions of EU project managers on the evolution of their careers. During the interview three main thematic areas were covered: 1. The beginning of the EU project manager's career? 2. Career development of the EU project manager? 3. Experience to provide people planning a career in the field of EU project management? The research was carried out among 100 people, who were the project managers financed from EU funds under the financial perspective 2007-2013 and the 2014-2020 outlook. The research was carried out in the period from 01-09/2018 using the interview method. <br/><b>Results:</b> Among the respondents, 60% were people who worked in public institutions and were directed to trainings in the 1990s that were related to political transformation and they implemented reforms and aid programs realised by the World Bank and pre-accession programs preparing Poland for inclusion in structures of the European community. These people gained experience working as specialists, experts, administrative employees in projects. Gained experience and knowledge means that they continue their careers by implementing projects financed from EU funds. People who have been working on the implementation of projects of this type since the beginning of their careers accounted for 9% of respondents. Most respondents (77%) before becoming project managers participated in the implementation of 4-6 projects performing administrative tasks. On the other hand, 18% of the respondents obtained this position after the implementation of 2-3 projects and 5% of those surveyed became project managers, having no such experience. <br/><b>Conclusion:</b> The professional career of the European project manager, as the research results show, is not straightforward, and professional career in this area is often a coincidence. This is partly related to the specificity of Poland associated to the processes of political and economic transformation. The creation of such jobs has intensified as a consequence of Poland's accession to the European Union.

Education for sustainable development in Africa: a critique of regional agendas

Education is often perceived in policy agendas as playing a transformative role in realising sustainable development and the SDGs on the continent. The assumption is based, however, on an insufficiently critical understanding of the historical role of education in supporting unsustainable development. The article provides a critical account of the relationship between education policy and sustainable development in Africa as an aspect of the postcolonial condition, i.e. as an aspect of the colonial legacy and of Africa’s position in relation to contemporary processes of globalisation. It is argued that if education is to play a transformative role in relation to sustainable development then education policy needs to be fundamentally re-oriented and harnessed to wider processes of economic, cultural and political transformation in the interests of social and environmental justice.

Динамічний підхід до дослідження проблем безпеки держави

The article analyzes the impact of the legal provision of security of the state on its security and on assurance of the well-being of all members of the Ukrainian society. It is proved that any state establishes a security system based on its capabilities. Substantial contents of state security started a long time ago. But now, when a long process of economic transformation takes place, there is a sufficiently strong social stratification of society; rapid growth of the influence of the shadow economy is recorded; the internal contradictions between different segments of society and regions don’t decrease; «the legal definition of state security» will be filled with new meaning. In this paper the author investigated the aspects of ensuring security of the state. Key words: security, state security, ontology, epistemology, dynamic approach.

Rethinking public space: between rhetoric and reality

The idea of public space has moved from a critique to an orthodoxy, embraced by most stakeholders as an important part of urban development. In this process, however, it has been co-opted in ways which may be at odds with its earlier ideals. This paper develops a critique of this process of transition, showing how the rhetoric of the public space as a multidimensional space of interaction may be used, but practically targeting the creation of a space of attraction, an instrument of delivering investment and maximizing rewards. The paper examines four areas of this transition in the broad processes of political, economic and cultural transformation, and the gaps between rhetoric and reality in the provision and character of public spaces reflect these processes in concrete ways.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ СТВОРЕННЯ КЛАСТЕРНИХ СТРУКТУР НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ РОЗВИТКУ

This paper discusses the challenging issues of economic transformation processes and the government integration into the system of international labour division in the context of enhancing the competitiveness of national manufacturers. The multidimensional character of the above agenda in terms of increasing competition, instability of social and political factors, structural transformation of the global industrial system, the internationalization of business activities, etc. complicates the process of managerial decision-making and nudges companies to search for new methods of combining their efforts and capacities and enhance cooperation to survive or to gain market leadership. The research findings suggest that cluster-based cooperation of enterprises triggers a range of multiple effects, i. e. strategic, synergistic, innovative, economic, etc. These effects occur at different levels – the level of a certain unit, project, business entity, cluster or the national economy overall. To evaluate the impact of joint cluster-based activity of enterprises it is critical to take into consideration the following factors: long-term development factors consistency, redistribution of risks between partners, exchange of specific assets, production strategy balance and coordination, consolidation of financial assets. It is argued that the efficiency analysis should rely on the comparison of various characteristics of the two variants of participating companies’ development: they enjoy either full autonomy or act within the partnership framework. To study the practice of domestic integrated structures it is important to account for the financial recovery capacity of partners as well as their social efficiency components, to differentiate the planning horizon, focus on specific assets, i. e. the elements of potential synergy.

Banking stability during the economic transformation process in selected countries of the Western Balkans

Economic transformation is still an ongoing process in many European countries. Despite common economic roots, the current economic situations are developing differently in different countries. This article will consider the process of economic transformation in terms of the banking sector. It aims to assess the level of banking stability throughout the transformation process in the Western Balkan region, and to assess the determinates of banking stability. A tool based on the Macroeconomic Stability Pentagon is used to estimate banking stability. The study finds that in most of the researched countries, the most common determinates of banking stability are market concentration and market competition. Additionally, it finds that the stability of banking systems in two countries – relatively the most transformed in the region (Croatia) and the one which is considered the most delayed (Serbia) – are influenced by similar factors, while the other banking systems in the region, despite common roots and experiences, vary in terms of the factors affecting their banking stability.

“Mister Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” Socio‑economic and Political Consequences 30 Years After

The fall of the Berlin Wall stood for a symbol of change and freedom across the socialist bloc and inspired the inhabitants in Eastern Europe to take action and revolt against dictatorial regimes. A long and often painful process of social, economic and political transformation began. Scholars grouped their research dealing with such transformations under the label of “Transitology” and the developing subfields of “transitional justice” and “memory studies” expanded and caught the academic interest. The present argument looks at the emergence and evolvement of these fields in parallel with a growing and changing society.

Prácticas sociales genocidas: La transformación de la educación escolar chilena entre los años 1979 y 1990

This article analyzes the existence of genocidal social practices in Chilean school education, as part of a general process of social economic transformation driven by the civil-military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet (1973- 1990). The originality of the research is that, thanks to a corpus of thousands of secret archives, it makes it possible to see how an authoritarian regime operated in its institutional intimacy to impose changes in social relations.

«ОСОБЫЙ ПУТЬ»? МОДЕРНИЗАЦИОННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ИСТОРИЮ НОВОЙ РОССИИ

The article is an analytical review of the book The Russian Path: Ideas, Interests, Institutions, Illusions by Dmitry Travin, Vladimir Gel'man and Andrei Zaostrovtsev, published by the European University at St. Petersburg Press. Its focus is on breakthroughs and failures of Russian modernization over the past few decades. The authors of the book use their own approach to analyze political and economic transformation processes based on four ‘I’s – Ideas, Interests, Institutions and Illusions. The review examines all these interrelated elements and demonstrates their connection to the character of the reforms in post-Soviet Russia. It also describes some of the institutional foundations of the economic and political development of modern Russia as stated by the authors of the book and analyzes how the changes were implemented in ‘technocratic’ reforms. Finally, some conclusions on the political and economic prospects of Russia are made in the review. The nine chapters of the book draw a versatile picture of the last thirty years – from ‘perestroika’ and collapse of the USSR to the contemporary ‘post-Crimean’ political regime. In the conclusion, some limitations of the reviewed book are outlined, such as its disciplinary isolation connected with the prevalence of the ideas and methods of political science and economics, and the persisting ideological bias of the authors. The publication is interesting for its universalistic view on the issues discussed and can be recommended not only to political scientists, economists or sociologists but also to a wide readership. DOI: 10.17072/2218-1067-2019-4-116-121

ASEAN Economic Integration and Inclusive Economic Growth

Most of the ASEAN countries are developing countries which still rely on the economy of natural resources. The process of economic transformation has become a necessity to make changes towards industrialized countries. The transformation is conducted so that the economy is able to compete in the global market. The purpose of writing this paper was to convey the trees of thoughts and ideas of the importance of economic integration in addressing society's income distribution inequality in the ASEAN countries. According to the estimated Gini index, ASEAN countries actually fell into the category of economic inequality. This means that the inequality happened too extreme and there was a positive movement towards equitable distribution of economic opportunities for the population. Therefore an inclusive development-oriented growth inclusive long-term was needed. Inclusive development aimed at reducing the number of poor population and unemployment in order to be able to take advantage of the market to base prosper. Inclusive development required improvement in the field of human resources, government bureaucracy, institutional economics, infrastructure improvements, strict law enforcement, satisfy basic needs certainty, and mastery of the science, technology, and political stability. This paper concluded that the economy of ASEAN countries had not yet fully managed so well that the inclusive development process should give priority to a strong and stable economy facing global competition. The difference in their respective interests was not yet guarantying the formation of the economic integration of the ASEAN countries that were less competitive. Therefore, there was a need for an agreement based on the principle of mutual needs, mutual raising, and mutual benefit. This paper also suggested ASEAN countries to fix the detailing things in order that investments grew rapidly in their respective countries. Investment and exports of industrial products were the two factors that elementary in order for resilience and economic integration could be formed quickly and productively

CREACIÓN Y GESTIÓN DEL VALOR DE MARCA PERSONAL: PERSONAL BRANDING Y ADAPTACIÓN AL NUEVO ESCENARIO LABORAL CONTEMPORÁNEO

Los últimos procesos de transformación económica y social han provocado un profundo cambio en el mercado laboral, dibujando un escenario de incertidumbre y dificultad creciente para acceder al empleo. Asimismo, el desarrollo tecnológico y, específicamente, el auge de las redes sociales introduce una serie de efectos sobre la forma de buscar empleo y de presentarse los individuos frente a los procesos selectivos en este ámbito. En ese contexto, los individuos necesitan resaltar por encima de otros competidores, destacando, en ese sentido, la imagen personal que se pretende construir y proyectar como factor que puede devenir crucial a la hora de lograr el éxito laboral. En esta situación, individuos particulares se convierten en gestores de su propia marca, empresarios de sí mismos en el transformado mercado de trabajo del siglo XXI. De este modo surge una nueva disciplina de marketing, llamada "personal branding", destinada a gestionar esta marca personal. En virtud de los postulados de dicha disciplina se pueden aplicar los principios del comercio tradicional a las personas, entendidas como productos y, al mismo tiempo, como empresarios y directores de su propia acción personal (sujeto y objeto). Este artículo trata de aplicar algunas de las principales teorías del marketing y del branding a la gestión de la marca personal. Se presenta como un ejercicio de revisión de algunos elementos y principios clásicos de la actividad empresarial, extrapolables, hoy, a los procedimientos de búsqueda de empleo llevados a cabo por los individuos. Se postula como plausible esta traslación y se apuntan aplicaciones concretas de este enfoque para el análisis del mercado laboral contemporáneo

Vecinos, patrimonio, instituciones y cuentapropistas en La Habana Vieja. Santo Ángel desde dentro

Este artículo nos lleva hasta Santo Ángel, pequeño barrio de la Habana Vieja expuesto en muy poco tiempo a nuevas formas de la economía mercantil. La investigación documenta las relaciones sociales existentes entre los vecinos de siempre —y su patrimonio privado—, las instituciones públicas, los nuevos vecinos, los nuevos emprendedores, los nuevos trabajadores y los turistas internacionales y analiza el proceso de transformación social y económica desde una comunidad estable, similar y basada en el principio de reciprocidad hasta otra provisional, compleja y diferenciada.

Research Issues of Structural Changes in Polish Industry in Geography of Industry

The research themes of geography of industry are continually evolving. The dynamic development of this sector of the economy after 1945 in the conditions of the socialist economy, in which the processes of industrialisation of the country were treated as priorities, as well as the processes of economic transformation in Poland after 1989, influencing the changes in the previously developed socio-economic structures, including industry structures, influenced the shaping of the research problem of this sub-discipline of geography in Poland. These changes, leading to the adaptation of these structures to the changing management principles, take place under the influence of impulses from the international environment associated with building a knowledge-based economy and moving from the industrial and post-industrial phase to the informational phase of civilisation development. These essential issues of transformation of industrial structures in the period of economic transformation and the development of a knowledge-based economy have become the subject of interest of many researchers, including economic geographers. The article presents the evolution of the themes and the main directions of research on structural changes in Polish industry in the conditions of transition from the centrally planned economy to market economy. In conclusion, it is shown that Polish geography of industry has undertaken significant scientific and economic problems of structural changes in industry during the period of economic transformation, continually updating its research priorities. Researchers quickly reacted to changes in the legal and political conditions of the functioning of the national economy, despite numerous barriers, related to, among other things, limited access to data on industrial activities, resulting in the lower interest of geographers in industrial research. The paper ends with recommendations regarding future possible research directions and a comprehensive bibliography of the studies.

Analyzing the Degree of Social-Economic Transformation of Displaced Community Using Probit Model: A Case Analysis

The 1998 Poso conflict caused many fatalities, hundreds of missing people, loss of property, and the decline of social order and economic life. The conflict has changed the social and economic order of the society, and most people uprooted from their hometown into new places.Thus, this study aims to analyze the degree of social and economic transformation in one decade after the conflict by examining the intervention role of the government, private sector and NGOs on the post-conflict socio-economic transformation in some refugee locations as the District of Poso, Central Sulawesi. By involving 98 household heads as respondents, and using Probit model as the analytical tool, the results reveal that a mass population displacement has caused a sense of prolonged trauma among the minorities.Moreover, the results show that the process of social and economic transformation takes place simultaneously. Statistically, there are no significant impact of natural factors and government intervention on the process of social transformation in the new settlement, while the intervention of the private and non-governmental organizations shows a positive and insignificant influence. In terms of economic transformation, the natural factors and government intervention are proved to have no significant effect on the process of economic transformation, while the private sector and non-governmental intervention is capable of providing a positive and insignificant impact on economic transformation.The study implies for decision makers to make better direction in development planning, and funding for displaced people, and to encourage and provide higher support to the private sector and NGOs.

Pro-poor growth and sustainable development framework: Evidence from two step GMM estimator

The environmental sustainability agenda is not easy to be achieved without implementing pro-growth and pro-poor growth policies across the globe. Pakistan's economy is no exception that strive hard to managed environmental resource capital and pro-poor growth expenditures in order to reduce poverty incidence and carbon mitigation policies, while many efforts need more sustainable instruments to be achieved United Nation's assigned sustainable development target till 2030. The study selected an annual time series data from 1975 to 2016 and employed two –step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator for robust inferences. The results show that higher economic growth decreases poverty incidence through social reforms, while, deforestation, under −5 mortality rate, trade openness, carbon emissions, and FDI inflows largely increases poverty incidence in a country. The study confirmed Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis of carbon emissions in relation of per capita income and public spending on education, while ‘pollution haven hypothesis’ is confirmed due to high involvement of dirty polluting industries in country's economic transformation process. The fossil fuel combustion and high population density increases carbon emissions that sabotage the process of sustainable development in a country. Thus, it is imperative to device sustainable policies for mitigating carbon-fossil emissions with cleaner production techniques and improves the quality of life of poor people through increase social expenditures that trickle down to the poor as compared to the non-poor.