Economic System Reform Research Articles

On the Historical Lessons of Reform and Opening-Up

The reform and opening-up initiative has left us with many valuable historical lessons. This paper mainly discusses the historical background of reform and opening-up, Deng Xiaoping Theory, historical lessons, and explores the reform and opening-up in the new era, in light of the decisions made at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era must adhere to the principle of upholding the Party's overall leadership and the people-centered approach. While focusing on promoting economic system reform, it is essential to coordinate and plan reforms in other fields to fully advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization.

How is Educational Equity Possible: The Evolutionary Logic of Compulsory Education Enrollment Policies from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

The enrollment policy for compulsory education concerns the right of school-age children and adolescents to receive equal education, as well as the realization of educational equity. Based on the analytical framework of historical institutionalism, this paper examines the evolutionary logic of the enrollment policy for compulsory education. Since the founding of New China, China's enrollment policy for compulsory education has undergone four periods: efficiency priority, balancing efficiency and fairness, emphasizing fairness, and implementing fairness, reflecting a shift in policy value orientation from efficiency to fairness. Economic system reform, uneven regional development, and the concept of educational equity are the underlying structural factors influencing policy changes. Rational choices made by actors such as the government, schools, and parents have led to path dependence in policy changes. Reform and opening up, initial education reform, and comprehensive reform in the field of education have become three critical junctures in promoting policy changes. We should always adhere to educational equity as the policy value goal, seek to break through path dependence at critical junctures, and focus on the coordination of multiple subjects in the gradual development of policies, in order to better achieve educational equity.

Between Freedom and Order: Evolution logic of urban-rural population mobility Policy from the perspective of historical institutionalism

Urban-rural population flow is the key element and important driving force for urban-rural integration development and rural revitalization. The pattern of urban-rural population flow in China is restricted and guided by policies. From the perspective of historical institutionalism, this paper analyzes the evolution context, structural logic and dynamic mechanism of the change of urban and rural population mobility policy. The urban and rural population mobility policy has gone through five historical stages: the order reconstruction period at the beginning of the founding of New China, the political call period after the Great Leap Forward Movement, the free flow period after the reform and opening up, the period of making the best use of the situation under the economic system reform and the accelerated integration period under the background of the new era. The institutional choice under different paths, the institutional evolution under the key nodes and the institutional continuation under the path dependence constitute the structural logic of the policy change of urban-rural population mobility. The situation coupling under the action of exogenous variables, the value coupling promoted by the change of ideas, and the subject coupling under the interaction of actors’ game constitute the dynamic mechanism of policy change, which promotes the historical change and realistic development of policy.

Research on Modern Corporate Cost Management and Cost Control Methods

With the continuous deepening of economic system reform and the advancement of economic structure transformation in China, the business environment for enterprises is becoming increasingly complex and competitive pressures are intensifying. In such a context, enterprises that wish to develop stably amidst fierce industry competition should actively adopt and implement modern corporate management concepts, enhancing the level of operational management comprehensively. Cost management, as a core component of modern enterprise management, is crucial not only for the economic benefits of a company but also directly relates to its market competitiveness. However, many companies still face numerous problems in cost management. To address these issues, modern enterprises must face the current situation and adopt effective measures. On the one hand, the importance of cost management should be emphasized through education to enhance everyone's awareness of costs. On the other hand, the procedures for cost accounting must be standardized to ensure the accuracy and reliability of cost data. Moreover, it is essential to continuously explore and introduce advanced cost control methods to improve the effectiveness of cost control and cost management levels, thus providing a solid guarantee for the stable and healthy development of the company and meeting the needs of sustainable development in the future.

Forecasting Analysis of the Hungarian CPI Based on the Arima Model

Since the twenty-first century, under the influence of economic system reform and economic globalization, Hungary's economic development has prospered, and the GDP index has increased significantly, however, while the country's economic development level has increased year by year, the consumer price index has also shown a year by year increasing trend. Consumer price index (CPI) is closely related to the quality of life, employment and economic stability. In this paper, the CPI in 2021 is taken as the base (100), and the data from 1990 to 2021 are statistically analyzed, and the ARIMA model is used to make time-series forecasts. Based on the ADF test, autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots for the determination of the series parameters, the ARIMA (1, 1, 0) model is obtained, and the final results are obtained for the ten data forecasts after 2021. The results show that the Hungarian consumer price index will still grow in the next ten years, but unlike the exponential growth after 2017, the growth rate slows down in the next ten years, indicating that the economic situation will stabilize in the future and price fluctuations will not be too high.

ПРІОРИТЕТНІ МОДЕЛІ РОЗВИТКУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В СУЧАСНОМУ КИТАЇ

The article emphasizes the importance of applying innovative models of higher education development, which should include: planning, when the strategy is developed by experts or research scientists based on the analysis of the state of education functioning; experience, when the strategy is developed by trial and error with the involvement of the maximum number of pedagogical workers; the relationship between education and economic development. This model should include internal, external, scientific, creative, economic and ideological needs. The model is considered as formed by the means of sign systems, mental analogues (logical) constructs that schematically reflect the educational practice as a whole or its individual fragments. The article analyses the transformation of the development of the modern model of higher education in China in historical retrospect. The First Stage: 1978-1984. During this period, the reform of the country's economic and political system began. The Second Stage: 1985-1992. In 1984-1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China successively adopted decisions on the reform of the economic system and the reform of the scientific and technological system. The Third Stage: 1993-1998. In early 1992, Comrade Deng Xiaoping inspected Southern China, after which his keynote speeches, which became the report at the "14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China", were published. The fourth stage: from 1999 to the present. In June 1999, the Party Central Committee and the State Council held the third national conference on higher education "Reforms and Openings". The article states that a multi-component model of the quality of university education should include a large number of factors: the presence of outstanding scientists and scientists who have a significant number of studies and monographs related to the current problems of modern education; the possibility of students achieving certain (creative, non-standard, logical) goals as a result of studying at the university; quality of the diploma and successful employment. The parameters of the quality of higher education in today's conditions are emphasized: the transition from unjustified teaching methods to innovative ones that provide for the individualization of the educational process; managing the development of higher education on the basis of public-private partnership; teamwork; high level of learning motivation; active cooperation of the one who teaches and the one who learns; high professionalism of the subject; intellectual development of the subject; his capacity for self-learning.

Exploration of the Methods of Using Mathematics in the Financial Economy of the Enterprise

As a matter of fact, with the development of the times and the advancement of economic system reform, the activity of China's financial market has increased. As a consequence, the financial and economic development is facing new opportunities. In this case, it is necessary to give full play to the role of economic mathematics knowledge. Enterprises in their own business development, need to focus on how to strengthen the financial and economic analysis, a comprehensive display of the advantages of economic mathematics, the use of economic as well as mathematical theories, the financial and economic value of the enterprise for a period of time, usually involving the derivative, differential, function models and other knowledge, can provide support for the formation of the results of the enterprise's financial and economic analysis, which in turn helps enterprises to adapt to the changes in the financial market in a more comprehensive manner contemporarily.

Sustainable development of Ukraine as a combination of social, economic and environmental components: structural econometric model of three-pillar approach

The combination of the economic, social and environmental issues of the country-level development in the case of Ukraine requires modernization of the national economic system and permanent deep institutional reforms. These measures should be aimed at forming a diverse, competitive and socially oriented post-industrial economy capable of ensuring sustainable development. To ensure the improvement of the management of Ukraine’s sustainable development strategy, structural (simultaneous) model is proposed, based on three endogenous (namely GDP as economic variable, income per household as social variable and the expenses for the environmental protection as environmental variable) and seven exogenous variables. Such an approach makes it possible to investigate the interdependence between variables. Model parameters estimates were calculated with the two-step least squares method. A forecast of the development of the main indicators characterizing the economic, social and environmental components of development at the country level was also estimated. For Ukraine in 2021, according to the forecast based on the structural model, the economic and environmental components will have positive dynamics and rapid growth, while the social component will develop, but more stably and without rapid growth.

Research and Analysis on Business Model Innovation of China's Public Welfare Funds

The report of the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to “guide and support willing and capable enterprises, social organizations, and individuals to actively participate in public welfare and philanthropy”, in order to change the state funding of public welfare foundations in China, change the operation mode of “relief” public welfare foundations, and introduce a commercial operation mechanism for public welfare foundations. It is proposed that public welfare charity organizations with new business types integrating public welfare and business attributes rise rapidly so that public welfare and business can be deeply integrated. Social enterprises driven by social value can accelerate their development. Public welfare foundations can accelerate their development by forming a sustainable business model of "self-hemopoiesis," based on the opportunity of China's economic system reform and rapid economic development, using the method of cross-cooperation in multiple fields and platforms, analyzing the feasibility of the commercialization model innovation of public welfare funds and the importance of risk control, and analyzing how to create corporate social influence through the innovation of the commercialization model of public welfare projects and the good marketing strategy, as well as by encouraging individuals to actively and sustainably participate in various public welfare projects.

Foreign Economic Relations of China and Russia and Prospects of Sino-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation

Over the past 30 years, economic globalization has significantly increased the pace of global economic growth, allowing emerging market economies to gain opportunities for economic development and economic modernization. After joining the WTO, China and Russia accelerated the development of foreign economic relations, while promoting the reform of the domestic economic and trade system, especially the signing of a number of bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements, which, in turn, gave a new impetus to the development of the world economy. In recent years, economic globalization has increasingly been challenged by unilateralism and trade protectionism. The attempt by the United States to use the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to divide the world economy is the biggest problem facing economic globalization now and in the future. China and Russia have always been firm supporters of globalization, opposing economic hegemony, unilateral sanctions and any actions that divide the world economy. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia, with the continuous improvement of bilateral relations, economic and trade cooperation has repeatedly gone against the tide to help the two countries achieve economic development and overcome the economic crisis. Against the background of repeated local outbreaks of the Covid-19 epidemic in China and tough sanctions against Russia, Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation continues to trend towards rapid growth. In the future, China and Russia will seek new opportunities for cooperation in the face of uncertainty and contribute to the sustainable development of the global economic system.

Research on economic development trend of reform and opening up: based on big data modeling analysis method

The development of information technology proves the possibility of acquiring large samples of policy text information and promotes innovative research based on the policy informatics approach of fusing data from multiple sources. This paper constructs a new public policy model based on existing data on economic system reform, and uses multi-types of textual big data such as government website, official weblog, and social media as the object of collection, to conduct a big data measurement on policy concerns related to the theory and practice of economic system reform since the reform and opening up. And this paper constructs a fine-grained measurement and portray the evolutionary trend of policy concerns and policy implementation. Based on the database, this paper helps to analyse the economic development trend since the reform and opening up, evaluate and monitor the implementation effect of different incentive policies and establish an iterative feedback mechanism, and provides a reference for relevant decision-making departments.

Research on the Value Thought of Modern Social Development of Marx's Theory

In the history of human social development, every great social change was completed under the guidance of social development theory. Marx's important theoretical summary of social development based on historical materialism is a scientific theoretical system. With the deepening of social and economic system reform, the importance of social security system construction in China's social construction has become increasingly prominent. Due to the demand of real life, people have made more in-depth research on the theory of all-round development of human beings in Marxism. Marx's thought of all-round development of human beings attaches importance to the all-round development of human beings, which is not only the necessary process for human society to move towards the advanced stage, but also the ultimate goal of human development. In the discussion of the current value and significance of Marx's thought on the subject of social development, this paper objectively and dialectically affirms that when Marx opposed and revised some western trends of thought, it accurately pointed out that some western scholars had an objective and one-sided understanding of human beings, and pointed out that we should focus on the development of most people, not just on individual development, so that the fruits of social development can be enjoyed by most people, The view of achieving fair and harmonious development between people.

Stepping-stone or stumbling block: impact of the economic system on China’s OFDI

With the proposal of the One Belt, One Road initiative, China’s OFDI has grown rapidly, with institutions playing key roles. This study uses residualization and threshold regression methods to analyse the 2003–2019 panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China to study the impact of property rights protection, market operation, and financing systems on China’s foreign outward direct investment (OFDI). Overall, the results show that only the market operation system is key in promoting OFDI. Regarding regional heterogeneity, the property rights protection system has a solely positive incentive effect on OFDI in the central region. Moreover, the market operation system only plays a positive role in promoting OFDI in the eastern developed and central regions. The financing system has a threshold effect, which has significant negative and positive impacts on OFDI in the eastern and central regions, respectively. Conversely, the financing system’s impact changes from significant to insignificant in the western region before and after the threshold value. This study provides a theoretical reference for economic system reform in the process of implementing the strategy of “going out” in various regions.

Shi Zhengyi on China Ethnic Minority Areas Economic System Reform

This article introduces Professor Shi Zhengyi’s early theoretical thinking on reforming the Chinese ethnic minority economic system. Due to historical and political reasons, China’s new economic system China built a planned economic system after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This economic system helped China develop its industries. But this rigid economic system became incompatible with product development, especially in ethnic minority areas. Ethnic minority areas were backward in production and unbalanced in development. After 1978, China gradually built its new socialist economic system, a planned commodity economy based on public ownership. In this economic system reform, the minority autonomous areas should be open to foreign countries, introduce advanced technology and investment, and develop import and export trade. At the same time, the minority autonomous areas should strengthen economic cooperation with other regions. Ethnic minority areas must also carry out comprehensive economic system reform, which should fully consider the specific characteristics of these areas, especially the ethnic and regional factors.

Research on the Construction Path of the Target Management System of the Party Building Work in the Tobacco Industry

The continuous reform of the domestic economic system also has certain requirements for the reform and innovation of the tobacco industry. At present, when the tobacco industry is carrying out party building work, it must be in line with the development of the times and be able to form a target management system, so as to ensure that the party building work is more effective, standardized and scientific. Therefore, the party organization of the tobacco industry must have a correct understanding of the construction of the target management system, know its importance, and be able to take effective measures to continuously optimize and improve. At present, the construction of the party building target management system in the tobacco industry is in good condition, and it has been incorporated into the daily work of the industry development, forming a positive development trend. However, there are still some problems in the construction of the party building target management system in individual tobacco industries, which limits the scientific level of the overall party building work and does not attract the attention of relevant departments. In response to these problems, continuous improvement is required, and only in this way can the construction of the party building target management system achieve better results.

Modeling the process of management of organizational culture at enterprises of fuel and energy complex

The article is devoted to the study of the process of modeling organizational culture in the context of the activities of enterprises of the industrial complex, in particular, the sectoral structure of enterprises in fuel and energy complex. In the context of the strategic development of an enterprise, organizational culture acts as an effective mechanism and tool for development in modern transformational economic processes. The main criteria approaches to the definition of organizational culture are considered, based on the practice of managing enterprises in the fuel and energy complex. The main models of organizational culture are characterized, and the methodological apparatus of the algorithm for the formation of organizational culture at the enterprises of fuel and energy complex in the context of the globalization reform of modern economic system is developed. The developed model of a systematic transition to the formation of an organizational culture is based on a role-playing and innovative type of culture, which is acceptable for industrial enterprises in general, and industry enterprises of fuel and energy complex. The model of formation of the organizational culture of the enterprises of fuel and energy complex is aimed at the implementation of the work plan, taking into account the formation of preferred types of organizational culture. Optimization ways and directions for improving the development of the organization's culture in order to increase its competitiveness and performance efficiency are proposed. The study is of value to scientific and pedagogical workers in the field of education and in the field of management consulting.

The Impact of Overseas M&A on Performance Sensitivity of CEO Turnover: Evidence From Chinese Listed Companies

In recent years, with China’s growing economic strength driven by the reform of market economic system and the implementation of “going out” strategy, overseas M&A has become an important channel for many Chinese listed companies to optimize the resource allocation and realize the leap of global value chain. Overseas M&A not only garners the advanced technology from overseas companies, but also improves the corporate governance of the parent company. With the data of Chinese listed companies from 2003 to 2019, this paper empirically examines how overseas M&A of listed companies influences the performance sensitivity of CEO turnover, and the PSM method and placebo tests are adopted to discuss the endogeneity. Finally, we proceed the heterogeneity tests by the nature of property rights, CEO power and the market competitiveness of product, respectively. The empirical results show that overseas M&A of Chinese listed companies will significantly improve the performance sensitivity of CEO turnover, and the phenomenon is more significant in SOEs and companies with lower management shareholding ratio, older CEO age, longer tenure of CEO, and lower product market competition. The conclusion of this paper not only offers a unique theoretical perspective for China's listed companies to improve their governance efficiency through overseas M&A, but also provides policy references for improving China's overseas M&A behavior in practice.

Bottom line and boundary: The logic of rational land resource allocation in the perspective of governance

Land is the most basic production factor of social and economic development, and the allocation of land re-sources is an important means of regulating social and economic development. At present, the contradiction between the needs of economic and social development and the increasingly scarce space resources puts forward new requirements for the allocation of land re-sources in China, and the importance of rational allocation of land resources is increasing day by day. During the reform period of land and space planning system, rational allocation of land resources not only means in-tensive and sustainable development, but also becomes a new expression of the will of land and space governance. It is a governance coordination platform linking macro development policies and micro resource utilization, and an important way to achieve high-quality development. Taking spatial governance as a clue, this paper attempts to sort out the evolution of governance logic behind land resource allocation in the Chinese context, traces back the previous logical transformation of land resource allocation that germinated due to the reform of social and economic system, and divides it into four characteristic stages: planned governance, regulatory governance, policy governance and bottom line governance. Based on the analysis of the governance mode and difficulties faced under the background of “bottom line governance”, this paper puts forward the “three bottom lines” of building the governance pattern of land resource allocation, clarifies the function-al boundaries of the three main bodies of government, market and society in the process of land resource allocation, and emphasizes the spatial governance mode of government, market and society, so as to provide useful suggestions for the design of future spatial planning system.

Economic Impacts and Challenges of Chinese Mining Industry: An Input–Output Analysis

The mining industry (MI) has played a key role in ensuring a stable supply of minerals for industrial production and human survival. The Chinese government is implementing various policies to promote the MI and needs quantitative information on the economic role and effects of the MI. Thus, this article uses comprehensive and multi-period input-output (IO) analysis to investigate the roles of four mining sectors, including the entire mining sector in the Chinese national economy, from the period 2007–2017. To this end, three models are employed. First, the production-inducing effects, value-added creation effects, and wage-inducing effects of 1 dollar of production in the MI sector are analyzed using a demand-driven model. One dollar of production or investment in the sector causes 0.862–1.171 dollars of production, 0.271–0.333 dollar of value-added, and 0.106–0.125 dollar of wage, respectively. Second, by applying a supply-driven model, it is found that one dollar of supply shortage in the MI causes 4.383–5.949 dollars of production failure throughout the national economy. Third, by utilizing a price-side model, it is discovered that a 10% increase in the price of output of the MI raises the overall price level by 0.108%–0.171%. The results of this article were critical to enlighten policy-makers to forward ever-improvement on the MI and combine the MI within national economic system reform and planning, by offering a clear vision of how MI will affect the various sectors and the economic system as a whole.

The Impact of Economic Externalities on the Development of China’s Property Insurance

This article aims at the impact of changes in the economic environment on China’s property insurance industry, using comprehensive literature analysis and empirical analysis, selecting variables, and using the National Bureau of Statistics of China and Wind database 2013–2019 data to conduct a principal factor analysis. It proves the role of such factors as promoting the development of China’s property insurance, economic system reform, demographic changes, and technological progress. The research was funded by the CSC Committee. The article provides a theoretical reference for the analysis of China’s property insurance development policies and measures, and explains the role of selected variables in the development of the property insurance industry. The specific role of external economic factors in the development of China’s property insurance is the future Research direction. The research results can provide references for developing countries and regions to formulate property insurance industry policies.