Economic Structural Change Research Articles

Economic Growth and Structural Changes in Rajasthan Economy (1955-56 to 2019-20)

Economic Growth and Structural Changes in Rajasthan Economy (1955-56 to 2019-20)

An empirical study on the relationship between industrial structure and economic growth in Guangdong Province

According to the viewpoint of structuralism, if the optimization of resource allocation does not hold, this study focuses on considering the impact of economic structural changes on economic growth. There is an inherent relationship between industrial design and economic development, and timely adjustment of industrial systems is the binding force for sustained economic growth. Based on the data from Guangdong Province from 1979 to 2018, this paper uses econometric methods to establish a model for the contribution of industrial structure to economic growth. The research results reveal Guangdong Province's industrial design evolution and the relationship between industrial structure and economic development. Relevant policy recommendations.

Treeline-Quo Vadis? An Ecophysiological Approach

At high elevation or latitude, the margin of the life-form tree is set by low temperature, with trees defined as upright woody species taller than 2–3 m. Globally, the temperature limit of the life-form tree occurs whenever the growing season mean soil temperature declines to 6.7 ± 0.8 °C. Disturbance and human land use, however, can cause trees to be absent from the climatic treeline. After addressing definitions and concepts related to treeline ecophysiology and examining treeline structure and dynamics, the focus will be on future treeline developments with respect to climate, competition and land use change. Finally, changes in economic structure and land use within the treeline ecotone are outlined with respect to net ecosystem production and year-round evapotranspiration.

PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT TAHUN 2000-2020

The purpose of this study was determine changes in economic structure of the West Manggarai Regency and the leading sectors in West Manggarai Regency. This research was conducted in West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The analytical technique used in this research is descriptive analysis and shift share. Descriptively it was found that the economic growth of West Manggarai Regency experienced a relatively slow movement. This shift was caused by changes in the contribution of the economic sector where the contribution of the agricultural sector slowly decreased so that it shifted from the agricultural sector to the service sector and the leading sector in West Manggarai district was the service sector. The industrial sector is experiencing relatively fast growth.
 Keywords:changes instructure, GDP, labor and shift share

Per capita renewable energy consumption in 116 countries: The effects of urbanization, industrialization, GDP, aging, and trade openness

Renewable energy is one of the key clean production pathways to achieve the global energy transition and combat climate change. This research is aimed to investigate the impact of changes in social structure, economic structure, demographic structure, and trade structure on per capita renewable energy consumption. Four threshold panel regression models are developed using the updated data of 116 countries. In these models, social structure, economic structure, demographic structure, and trade structure are set as both explanatory variables and threshold variables, whereas per capita renewable energy consumption is set as the explained variable. These models verify the existence of the threshold (1% confidence level), which indicates that there is a non-linear relationship between social-, economic-, demographic- and trade-structure changes and renewable energy consumption. Changes in the social structure (urbanization level) promote per capita renewable energy consumption, and when it crosses the threshold, this promotion effect become more significant. Changes in the economic structure (industrialization level) inhibits the growth of per capita renewable energy consumption. However, as industrialization level rises above the threshold, this inhibition is weakening. Changes in the demographic structure (population aging) and trade structure (trade openness) contributes to the growth of per capita renewable energy consumption. Moreover, after the demographic structure and trade structure cross the threshold value, this promotion strengthened. The above findings provide theoretical support for policymakers to formulate energy and population policies.

Determinants of load capacity factor in South Korea: does structural change matter?

By likening biocapacity and ecological footprint, the load capacity factor follows a specified ecological threshold, permitting for an in-depth analysis of ecological damage. It can be seen that as the load capacity factor is reduced, the ecological damage intensifies. Until now, scholars have used carbon dioxide, ecological footprint, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and other indices to objectively examine ecological problems. The utilization of these metrics can cause the supply side of ecological concerns to be overlooked. To make up for this weakness, this paper evaluates the impact of structural change and trade globalization on the load capacity factor. The research also considers other drivers of load capacity factors such as economic growth and energy. We utilized the nonparametric such as nonparametric causality and quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression approaches to scrutinize these interconnections for South Korea between 1970 and 2018. The findings from the QQ approach disclosed that in the majority of the quantiles, the influence of economic growth, structural change, energies (renewable and nonrenewable), and trade globalization mitigate the load capacity factor. Moreover, the nonparametric causality test divulged that in variance and mean, all the independent variables can predict the load capacity factor. Policy proposals for South Korea's sustainable development are offered based on the findings.

What does the EKC theory leave behind? A state-of-the-art review and assessment ofexport diversification-augmented models.

Over the past three decades, researchers have extensively examined the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Despite their early focus on the ecological impacts of anthropogenic development, associated conclusions differ and often conflict. In this study, we conducted a state-of-the-art review of this topic and shed light on the methodological challenges that the literature attempted to overcome so far. Since China is going through structural economic changes and environmental reforms, we relied on this illustrative case and developed an augmented-EKC framework to investigate whether this hypothesis holds between export product diversification and environmental pollution, stratifying by carbon energy content: renewable (Model 1) and fossil energy (Model 2). Quarterly data are collected over the most available and recent period (i.e., 1990Q1-2018Q4) and computed by applying the Quadratic Match-Sum Method (QMS) on annual series. Besides, per capita income and foreign direct investments are included as additional factors to the baseline models specifications. The empirical analysis comprises the Clemente–Montanes–Reyes unit root test with structural break and additive outlier, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration, the Granger causality test, and dynamic (DOLS) and fully modified OLS (FMOLS) estimators, followed by robustness checks confirming the stability of the coefficients exhibited in the two autoregressive settings. For both models, empirical results failed to support the existence of an inverted-U-shaped relationship among export product diversification and carbon release from fuel combustion in China. Also, as income grows, low-carbon resources seem improving export diversification and vice versa. Related findings are thought to bring robust inferences able to complement the existing literature and open a fruitful research direction.

Between the Oche and Treble-Twenty: Darts as a “Way of Life” in Contemporary London

ABSTRACT This article serves to answer the question, “What sustains the continued relevance of darts for working-class men in postindustrial Britain?” Darts remains a deeply popular activity and increasingly popular spectator sport in contemporary Britain, with common associations with the social clubs, working men’s clubs, and pubs of industrial Britain. This article addresses the continued place of darts within the context of the deeply destructive process of structural economic change that has transformed the country’s economic, social, and physical landscape and has deeply altered forms of working-class spaces of leisure from pubs to social clubs in long-standing neighborhoods. The author argues that darts is a medium that acts as a form of bridging between the periods of industrial and postindustrial Britain so as to continue working-class modes of socialization and relations that have been altered with the shift to postindustrialism. Darts acts as a mode of orientation and direction—a “way of life”—that mediates and enables a connection between industrial and postindustrial Britain. Moreover, the continuation of playing darts allows for the continuation of spaces of kinship and socialization for working-class men within profound gentrification and the transformation of London into a “Global City” dictated by financial capital. This basis of this article is derived from interviews and observation conducted at a series of amateur darts events across Greater London in January 2016. This article allows for a consideration of the role of leisure and sport within continued institutions and memories of class.

Food and Revolution: Fighting Hunger in Nicaragua, 1960–1993

Food and Revolution: Fighting Hunger in Nicaragua, 1960–1993

A study on the working condition of speech-language pathologists in Korea

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the employment type of speech-language pathologists, subscription of social security insurance, workplace, working hours, salary, and types of disability of the subjects to be treated, and analyze the information on the actual working conditions to utilize it in policy proposals for speech-language pathologists, considering the changes in economic structure and employment environment and their aspects.Methods: The study was conducted through an online Google questionnaire for speech-language pathologists. The total number of participants was 1,414. The results were processed using SPSS 25.0, and descriptive statistics were performed.Results: First, private speech therapy centers (731 people, 48.1%), social welfare facilities (240 people, 15.8%), and development centers attached to the hospital (164 people, 10.8%) were in order of the type of workplace of speech-language pathologists. Second, the types of work of speech-language pathologists were professional freelance workers (608 people, 44.9%), full-time jobs (551 people, 40.7%), contract workers of fixed payment (95 people, 7.0%), and contract workers of combination with fixed payment and rate system payment (65 people, 4.8%). Third, the insurance coverage of speech-language pathologists was in the order of four major insurances (862 people, 66.2%), non-insured (284 people, 21.8%), and two major insurances (148 people, 11.4%). Fourth, the numbers of speech-language pathologists workplaces were 1 workplace (689 people, 72.2%), 2 workplaces (206 people, 21.6%), others (36 people, 3.8%), and 3 workplaces (23 people, 2.4%).Conclusions: After COVID-19, there was a change in perception of the speech-language pathologists’ employment type. The results of this study will be used to improve the treatment of speech-language pathologists, such as through policy proposals for employment stability and the expansion of high-quality workplaces.

IMPACT OF THE TRANSFER OF RICE FIELDS ON RICE PRODUCTION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF FOOD SECURITY (CASE STUDY IN KUDUS REGENCY )

The conversion of rice fields in Kudus Regency has increased from year to year. Based on quantitative data, it is stated that land conversion is influenced by changes in economic structure, improvements in infrastructure facilities and population growth. In fact, the area of paddy fields has an effect on increasing total rice production, while the area of paddy fields that have been converted to non-rice fields has not been able to prove a decrease in total rice production in Kudus Regency if it is supported by agricultural technology and also agricultural intensification. Related to the fulfillment of the needs of the population of Kudus Regency for rice which is still lacking, so it needs to get serious attention from the Regional Government of Kudus Regency so that these basic needs can be fulfilled

Digital Dynamics and International Trade

The digital duo of the Internet and Mobile brought a sea change in production mode, economic, and market structure along with trade. A world where there are no time and space-bound eased business and commerce by extending the time of operation and eliminating the geographical boundary that led to a boost in worldwide trade. Here, the impressive performance of the South and Southeast Asia regarding e-commerce earns a special mention. At this context the present article considers 18 countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam) belonging to South and South-East Asia along with China for six years (2009-2014) and opts for a panel data analysis to determine the impact of digitalization on International Trade. The findings point to the fact that digitalization has a positive and statistically significant impact on trade volume.

Development Trend Prediction of Chengdu Plain Economic Zone Based on Multiple Linear Regression Grey Correlation Degree

Urban agglomeration is the mainstream trend of urban development in the world. It is also the main form of new urbanization in China and an important platform to participate in international competition and cooperation. The pattern of industrial division of labor has basically taken shape in Chengdu Plain Economic Zone, and the industrial cooperation system has been gradually established. However, the phenomenon of industrial isomorphism is still prominent. In the process of promoting coordinated industrial development, there are still some problems such as disunity of understanding, imperfect mechanism, and imperfect environment. The regional economic potential is influenced by too many entities and the dynamic changes of economic structure, and the change ratio is highly nonlinear. In this paper, a MLR-GCD (Multiple Linear Regression Grey Correlation Degree) prediction model for the development trend of Chengdu Plain Economic Zone is proposed. In the decision-making process, MLR (multiple linear regression) method is introduced to construct the GCD (Grey Correlation Degree) of training economic-related data set, and then the GCD is pruned to transform it into standard decision-making data. The experimental results show that compared with other prediction models, the improved model has higher accuracy of regional economic prediction, can quickly and accurately predict the development potential trend of Chengdu Plain Economic Zone, and has important application value.

Urban functional transformation in (de)industrializing China: The heterogeneous roles of state and market

AbstractChina has experienced great economic transition and structural changes since reform and opening‐up, accompanying an unprecedented urban transformation under dramatic (de)industrialization. Previous studies have addressed the roles of state and market and their interaction in (de)industrialization and urban transformation of post‐reform China. However, few studies have given attention to the huge variations across regions and cities in their (de)industrialization stages, their main functions in urban systems of the country, and the critical issues facing them. This study examines the transformation process of different types of cities by employing the perspective of urban function evolution. Specifically, we analyze the spatial pattern of urban functional structure of China and its evolutionary features based on census employment data. Then, we focus on three major concerns of urban transformation in China, namely the multi‐stage and spatial gradient of (de)industrialization, the hierarchy and dynamics of central cities, and the transformation of resource‐dependent cities. Results indicate that the synergy of state and market forces promotes urban transformation in China and that their relative importance and mode of action vary across cities in different regions, stages, and functions. This research highlights an urban functional scope to understand the constant urban transformations in developing countries.

Influence of Structural Break on the Power of ADF Unit Root Test

With the changes in economic structure and social development, the paths of most economic variables show the characteristics of structural changes. Traditional unit root tests, such as ADF and PP tests, often lead to wrong conclusions about data stationarity characteristics when considering such structural variation factors. This paper considers the test power of ADF statistic with one structural break using Monte Carlo simulation when the data generating process has double breaks in both intercept and slope. The results show that when there is a structural break in the data generating process if the conventional unit root test is performing without considering this break, the ADF test is still efficient when the degree of the structural break is relatively low. Furthermore, this paper discusses the influence of the size of the sample, break position and break degree on the power of the ADF statistic test under the premise of a low break degree.

Automation, Digitalization, and Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: Implications for Political Behavior

New technologies have been a key driver of labor market change in recent decades. There are renewed concerns that technological developments in areas such as robotics and artificial intelligence will destroy jobs and create political upheaval. This article reviews the vibrant debate about the economic consequences of recent technological change and then discusses research about how digitalization may affect political participation, vote choice, and policy preferences. It is increasingly well established that routine workers have been the main losers of recent technological change and disproportionately support populist parties. However, at the same time, digitalization also creates a large group of economic winners who support the political status quo. The mechanisms connecting technology-related workplace risks to political behavior and policy demands are less well understood. Voters may fail to fully comprehend the relative importance of different causes of structural economic change and misattribute blame to other factors. We conclude with a list of pressing research questions.

Can structural changes lead to dematerialization? Lessons from the Portuguese socioeconomic metabolism between 1995 and 2017

While material use is a vital part of human well-being and development, it is also associated with serious environmental impacts. This is cause for concern as there has been little evidence of decoupling between well-being and material use in national economies. Therefore, a detailed understanding of material use and its implications on socioeconomic metabolism (SEM) is required.This paper provides insights into the dynamics of material use and economic growth by quantifying the socioeconomic flows associated with the structural changes that affected the Portuguese economy between 1995 and 2017. We first identify different development periods based on material flow analysis and the corresponding economic structural changes. Their impacts on the socioeconomic metabolism are quantified through the analysis of monetary and physical input-output tables.Our detailed analysis has shed light on the role of each sector in material consumption across all sectors with which their activities are intertwined. We found that the Portuguese SEM went through 5 different periods in which the construction and services sectors contributed the most to the changes in the SEM. We found that, for example, despite being a high-productivity sector per se, the development of the services sector may require the support of the construction sector through the creation of infrastructures, and this affects the potential decoupling of material use and economic growth. Understanding these dynamics is key for the creation of policies and initiatives that will lead to a more sustainable economic development and constitutes the main focus of this paper.

Bargaining power, structural change, and the falling U.S. labor share

Most explanations for the declining labor share focus on structural changes such as deindustrialization, globalization, financialization, market concentration, and technological change. We argue that these forces operate through a bargaining power channel and that the reduction in the labor share has been driven by lower bargaining power for workers. We first estimate the relationship between bargaining power and labors share of income using a bounds-testing approach and find a significant negative relationship. We then create novel indices of structural change and estimate regressions of the cost of job loss, generally finding that increases in structural change have both increased the cost of job loss and amplified its volatility over the business cycle. Our analysis therefore supports the hypothesis that the decline in the labor share is driven by decreased labor bargaining power and suggests that structural economic changes and weak economic performance in the U.S. have increased inequality.

Practical Applications of The Best of Both Worlds: Forecasting US Equity Market Returns Using a Hybrid Machine Learning–Time Series Approach

In <b><i>The Best of Both Worlds: Forecasting US Equity Market Returns Using a Hybrid Machine Learning–Time Series Approach</i></b>, published in the Spring 2021 issue of <b><i>The Journal of Financial Data Science,</i></b><b>Haifeng Wang, Harshdeep Singh Ahluwalia, Roger Aliaga-Díaz, and Joseph Davis</b> (all at<b> Vanguard</b>) revisit the long-term equity return forecasting performance of a popular time-series model based on Shiller’s cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings (CAPE) ratio. Noting that its performance had deteriorated due to structural economic changes, they considered additional variables, econometric methods, and machine learning (ML) techniques. Using their domain knowledge in the data science arena, the authors sought to improve the out-of-sample predictive accuracy of long-run stock return forecasts. They compared the performance of various approaches, including linear regressions, vector autoregressive (VAR) models, random forests, gradient boosting machines, and gated recurrent units. They found that a two-step approach that estimates a VAR model with ML techniques and uses outputs in an additive component model of returns works best. Using an ensemble of ML techniques within a robust economic framework yields more accurate long-run return predictions than using any of the methods alone.

Changing in National Infrastructure Policy: How It Affect Indonesia’s Economy?

This research would like to firstly figure out how new infrastructure policy affects national economic structure changes, and secondly figure out does the new policy effect on inter-regional economy linkage. This study uses economic structure, growth decomposition, location quotient, and linkage analysis on Input-output table to indicate national and inter-regional level economic changes between 2010 and 2016 in Indonesia. We find that economic structure generally remains the same, only transportation and real estate sector increased their contribution, this may indicate the beginning of infrastructure development stage. During 2010 to 2016, the growth was led by the expansion of domestic demand in almost all sectors, however in some sectors the technological changes have a negative contribution. Furthermore, the two most linked sectors are manufacturing and electricity sectors. Inter-regional analysis indicated that Java and Sumatera have more power and sensitivity level compared to other regions. The suggestion to booster economy development is to implement technological process and publish policy considering regional characteristics may accelerate economic equity across regions.