Economic Space Research Articles

Integration perspectives for improving regional policy in rural areas of Bulgaria

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of implementation of specific regional policies in rural areas in the context of Bulgaria’s integration into the European Union through the prospects of the changing economic situation and new trends in the implementation of regional policy. Methodology / approach. The focus of the research is the need for a working regional policy that gives importance to the development of rural areas and influences the demographic and socio-economic processes in Bulgaria. The study is defined by comparative analysis, reference to expert assessment, use of statistical data, and analysis of strategic documents and programs related to regional development. Results. This research has shown that the applied regional development policies within the European Union have partial success. At the same time, the problems and emerging deficits are successfully defined, but it is more difficult to find optimal solutions that can be applied in more than one municipality. In this direction, regional policy has its achievements in its development, but new solutions are still being sought for several spatial and territorial problems in connection with integration into a common European market. This means a comprehensive process of functional impacts in the socio-economic development of nearly 281 regions. In Bulgaria, the situation is even more complicated, because it is necessary to have a dual approach in regional politics. On the one hand, the development of the most urbanised regions, and on the other hand, the development of the rural areas, which are decisive for the development of the greater part of the territory of Bulgaria. Originality / scientific novelty. The regional development policy carried out in the years after 2007 has a static and spontaneous character, the new approach of the measures and programs after 2023 are based on new concepts and elements in line with information technologies, development of intelligent systems, economic connectivity to overcome the backward development of rural areas. New approaches and moments are proposed in the construction of a regional policy, which has a new framework and provisions for the development of the European economic space. In this direction, the need for expert decisions related to the management of regional development comes to the fore. Practical value / implications. It is necessary to make regional development a national priority. In addition, governments should facilitate access to young people and medium-sized businesses for the use of inputs and the promotion of projects. Access to financing, strategic, and planning activities, which have their characteristics at different levels, must be further developed.

MONITORING THE PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF CUSTOMS CONTROL IN UKRAINE

Topicality. Ukraine is integrating into the global economic space and is an active participant in regional cooperation. This requires the abolition of certain restrictions on the free movement of goods. Customs control has a special place in this process. Advanced forms and methods of customs control, as well as measures to increase their performance and efficiency, ensure timely detection, prevention, disclosure and termination of offenses, as well as additional receipt of customs payments to the budget with the gradual introduction of European customs norms into the practice of our state.Aim and tasks. To analyze the performance and efficiency of customs control in Ukraine in order to substantiate the vectors for their further improvement.Materials and methods. Legislative and normative documentation, statistical data of the State Customs Service of Ukraine, legislative acts of the state authorities of Ukraine were used in the research process. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, grouping are applied - in the study of the categorical and conceptual apparatus of customs control, assessment of the performance and efficiency of control measures in the customs sphere.Research results. The choice of forms and methods of customs control depends on the goals set by the customs authorities for the management of customs risks from the implementation of foreign economic activities. Customs control can be effective, but not effective, if resources disproportionate to the achieved effect were spent to achieve the goals. The analysis of the customs audit in Ukraine proved that the main violations of the customs legislation related to the illegal receipt of tax benefits, violation of the requirements of the rules for the classification of goods in accordance with the UCT of the Foreign Trade and unreliable declaration of the customs value of goods. Today, due to the state of war, the emphasis in the work has been shifted to the organization of explanatory work by the customs, the provision of consultations on the practical application of certain norms of legislation on customs matters, and the conduct of a campaign of voluntary payment to the budget of customs payments in connection with the established signs of violation of the customs legislation. In most foreign practices, the customs audit is carried out by conducting a post-audit. This results in speeding up customs formalities and simplifying customs procedures, maintaining a balance between promoting international trade and effective customs control. On the basis of the analysis of the efficiency of the work of regional customs, the problems of their functioning have been identified according to a number of indicators, which indicates the need to focus on these areas during customs control.Conclusion. Prospective directions for increasing the performance and efficiency of customs control in Ukraine are:- increasing the effectiveness of customs audit and post-customs control;- increasing the effectiveness of control over the legality of the application of exemptions from payment of customs payments and the use of goods for their final destination, which will contribute to the increase of customs payments to the State Budget;- introduction of European practices in the field of customs control in Ukraine by building modern, flexible, reliable, service-oriented information and communication systems.Single indicators of performance and efficiency of customs control, which will be coordinated with the customs legislation of the EU member states, are required for further development and publication. They should reflect not only the quantitative indicators of additional revenues of customs payments to the budget, but also indirectly take into account the quality of changes taking place in the customs administration, due to the growth of international trade volumes, the activation of foreign economic activity.

Assessing benefits and risks between the space economies and the sustainable development goals

As humanity’s presence in space continues to advance, it is important to consider the positive and negative effects of space activities on sustainable development. This paper presents the findings from an expert elicitation process to assess the benefits and risks of the Earth-for-space, space-for-Earth, and space-for-space economies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Significant benefits and risks exist, with SDGs 6, 9, 12, 14, and 16 exhibiting numerous benefits, and SDGs 6, 8, 11, and 15 exhibiting various risks from activities across the space economies. Multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary experts have identified benefits including space as a means to facilitate international agreement and cooperation, insights from space-based Earth observation, and advances in economic and technological development. Conversely, they identified risks of space advancement resulting in inequality, overexploitation of space resources, and the increase of global geopolitical tensions. These findings were used to suggest an SDG 18 for space, consisting of seven targets that address the concerns raised in the process.

IMEC (India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor) project: uncertainty management vector

Another war in the Middle East. It would seem that it is another act in a the very old confl ict between Israel and Palestine. What’s the difference? Why should this act radically change the Middle East and very likely not only it? In this regard, the authors consider it necessary to provide a brief description of the new approach to operating stage-by-stage military confrontation as a tool for uncertainty management through the IMEC (India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor) project. The article substantiates the methodology of shock power confi guration of important segments of the world economic space in the interests of a group of leading actors in the world economics and politics. The geostrategic paradigm of the beneficiary, which needs a controlled conflict in the common interests of the future of the fractal sets of explicit and latent participants in such geostrategic operations, has been established.

Real growth in space manufacturing output substantially exceeds growth in the overall space economy

Accurately measuring real economic output in the space economy is made difficult by the rapid increase in capabilities and decrease in prices of launch and satellite technologies achieved over the past two decades. Nominal measures of output in space will tend to underestimate real growth if customers are paying lower prices for better services over time. In this paper, we use price indexes that apply techniques to the space economy that have been used for decades to adjust nominal measures of output in sectors such as information technology, including matched-model and explicit hedonic quality adjustment. We find that adjusting for price and quality changes in the space economy has substantial effects on estimated growth in economic output, especially across its sectors. Price increases over time in the space information sector, which is dominated by direct-to-home (DTH) satellite television, mean that real growth has been slower than nominal growth since at least 2012, the typical pattern in industries not undergoing rapid technological change. In sharp contrast, rapid price decreases and quality increases in other areas—especially launch and manufacturing of satellite, earth observation, and positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) equipment—have meant that nominal growth rates substantially understate real growth rates in those industries. Given the central importance of space to our modern economy, having accurate information on growth in the space economy is vital for efficiently allocating the substantial private and public investment being devoted to its development.

An urgent call for using real human urine in decentralized sanitation research and advancing protocols for preparing synthetic urine

Recycling resources excreted in human urine can help achieve a sustainable future and circular economy in the sanitation space. However, many studies researching different technologies for safely recycling urine do not use real human urine for experimentation, relying instead on recipes for making synthetic or artificial solutions that attempt to mimic the composition of real human urine. This methodological choice is the focus of this article, which points out that the real urine matrix is extremely complex, with a metabolome (>2,500 metabolites) that differs greatly from that of synthetic urine (<15 metabolites). Therefore, experimental results obtained using synthetic urine can also differ from those obtained using real urine. To exemplify this, we review published literature in terms of four aspects: i) solubility of chemicals and buffering capacity of urine, ii) dissolved organics and membrane fouling, iii) thermodynamic modelling of chemical speciation in urine, and iv) removal of pollutants from urine. We recognise that there is a place for synthetic urine in sanitation research and provide examples of studies where its use is appropriate. Lastly, based on literature from the medical sciences, we provide preliminary guidelines on protocols for preparing synthetic urine that could improve experimentation involving human urine and accelerate the water sector’s transition to circularity.

The Disruption of the Pandemic in the use of Hospitality Establishments and Services in South Africa

The tourism and hospitality sectors were among the most negatively impacted industries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many studies have reflected on the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry; however, more needs to be written about the effect on the customers. Therefore, this paper aims to report if COVID-19 has affected the use of hospitality establishments and service customers during and after the lockdown in South Africa. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Google Forms were used for data collection using snowball and convenience sampling techniques. Seven hospitality establishment categories (Bed and breakfast, guesthouses, hotels, Airbnb, sit-down restaurants, fast food outlets, and wine farms) and two hospitality services (Catering services and delivery services) participated in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26 and presented using descriptive statistics. Demographic data was introduced to give an overview of all the respondents. Most respondents were female (64%) and Africans (69%). Most respondents were employees (49%), earning salaries ranging between R5000 and R50 000. Most customers indicated that they continued to use these establishments and services during the lockdown and were willing to continue doing so post-lockdown. In terms of salaries versus the categories of establishments, customers who earned less visited establishments the most. However, it was observed that customers who visited restaurants were from all salary ranges (brackets). This indicates that customers always continue visiting hospitality establishments and utilising hospitality services. This affirms the importance of the hospitality industry in the social and economic space.

Selected Prospects for the Development of the Ukraine Economy in the Context of Wartime Demographic Transformations

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has had a significant impact on the country's development dynamics. This was particularly reflected in the demographic potential: rising mortality rates, falling birth rates and the highest rates of internal and external migration since independence. Such transformations, combined with the challenges of the times, have been reflected in the economic space, both negatively and positively. This paper analyses the current demographic and economic situation, compares them with the period before the active military confrontation, and examines public attitudes and international experience in overcoming similar crises. This analysis was carried out by studying the main statistical data on the above processes. The international experience was reviewed by studying scientific publications and reports from expert organisations. The study showed that the continuation of the conflict could lead to a significant aggravation of regional disparities, the rapid development of service industries, including the digital sector and the military industry, a shift away from focussing on low value-added goods, and a crisis in sectors with low labour productivity. Although the demographic crisis will continue to deepen, it is expected to stabilise at a new level after the active phase of the war is over. The current set of prospects is generally positive but requires a proactive approach and constant review to accelerate the transformation process and strengthen the potential of the Ukrainian economy.

Guiding a Russian region’s development under the moral paradigm: A case of the Republic of Crimea

Methodological and practical aspects of guiding the socio-economic development of Russia’s new regions are being actively conceptualized. The study attempts to identify the strategic avenue for governing one of Russia’s regions, namely the Republic of Crimea, in the context of moral imperatives. Methodologically, the work relies on a set of scientific concepts, such as state (regional) governance and new public management, as well as the provisions of humanistic, evolutionary, institutional and economic theories. The research methods are systematization, content analysis, analogical reasoning, and comparativeanalytical approach. The empirical evidence covers regulations and governmental programmes by the RF Government, executive authorities of the Republic of Crimea, and materials of the Simferopol and Crimea Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church for 2005–2023. The paper presents a scientific explication of the moral paradigm in the context of state (regional) governance. We have substantiated a strategic direction of Crimea’s socio-economic development based on moral principles, including: dominance of the recreation sector generating a multiplier effect for related industries in the region; transformation of the functions and structure of the Crimean economy due to the special military operation in Ukraine and the rise in the moral component; the growing importance of healthcare and tourism industries in Crimea’s economic space. The findings of the research contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of state and municipal governance.

Can tourism growth drive environmental improvements in the Eurozone economic space: A panel data analysis

Tourism extensively exploits natural resources and uses ecosystem services to expand its potential and increase market share. The present study investigates potential tourism's effects and causalities on the environmental quality levels in the context of the tourism-induced Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (T-EKC). We conceptualize tourism as a function of its contribution to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), whereas we consider capital investment spending directly connected with the travel and tourism sector as an additional determinant of environmental quality. We contextualize environmental degradation as a means of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), methane, and nitrous oxide emissions. Furthermore, our models include primary and energy consumption patterns to emphasize energy efficiency in limiting environmental degradation levels. This study's approach also discusses the role of renewables as an explanatory variable. This set of variables remains less visible in the relevant literature, whereas it extensively covers the T-EKC hypothesis concept. We process panel data analyses for the Eurozone member states from 1996 to 2019. Research findings confirm the inverted U-shaped curve for all models regarding tourism's contribution to GDP. Moreover, capital investment spending does not Granger cause air pollution. Additionally, the percentage of renewables should be increased from a long-term perspective since they decrease environmental degradation. Practical implications call for enhancing sustainable growth in the tourism system in light of energy efficiency issues and eco-friendly investments.

Generic and Cost effective framework for Space Threat Assessment for Emerging Space Economies

Modern-day satellites can be considered mini-computers orbiting the earth, with their own operating systems, customized software, navigation and processing units, in-built memory, and other optical and communication capabilities. Gone are the days when satellites were huge in size, with systems and sub-systems taking several months to a few years to be manufactured, assembled, tested, and launched depending on the mission. A wide variety of technological developments in the past decades, including miniaturization of systems and subsystems, availability of space-qualified and commercially-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, and the advent of application-specific integrated chips (ASICs) have paved the way for an increase in quantity and quality of space-based systems, thereby enabling a wide variety of missions even for emerging space economies. With the growing number and complexity of satellites, there have been multiple recorded instances of attacks that have happened on space and ground-based systems over the last three decades. For example, in 1986, the Galaxy I satellite uplink was disrupted by a suspicious person from Florida under the pseudonym "Captain Midnight". In 1997, computers belonging to the X-ray astrophysics section of the Goddard Space Flight Center campus were compromised. In 1998, the ROSAT X-RAY satellite co-owned by the United States and Germany was hacked. One of the satellites from the military communication system Skynet - owned and operated by the UK's Royal Air Force was hacked. As we enter the space age, it is important to note that many countries, including underdeveloped nations, utilize satellites for various earth-based and space-based applications, military recon missions, interplanetary missions, and all other types of space exploration. Given the extent of utilization, it is crucial to tackle the threats facing space-based and ground-based systems. Some developed and space-faring nations like the USA, Russia, China, the UK, etc., have counter-space capabilities at present to tackle a wide variety of threats. On the other hand, countries like India, Iran, Australia, New Zealand, and UAE, which are still new or emerging players in the new space industry, are still developing their systems to be robust enough to tackle space-based and ground-based threats. At the farther end are countries like Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Norway, etc., which are still developing their space capabilities. In this concise abstract, we present an overview of the myriad security threats encountered by both space-based and ground-based systems. Additionally, we introduce a generic and cost-effective threat assessment framework designed to evaluate these threats across diverse scenarios. This mission-agnostic framework, along with its brief methodology, serves as a foundational tool for identifying security vulnerabilities and formulating comprehensive risk mitigation strategies tailored to specific missions. In the subsequent full-length article, we delve deeper into the complexities of space security, exploring real-world examples, emerging challenges, and innovative solutions.

The role of the service sector in the economy

The service sector occupies a predominant position in the economies of many countries of the world with different types of political systems, levels of economic development, territory, population, and sociocultural characteristics. Despite the fact that in some countries a "service" economy has fully developed, and in others the service sector does not play such a significant role, in general we can talk about a general trend towards a global increase in the role of the service sector in the global economic space. The Russian service sector, which for a long time was not considered a priority sector of the national economy, has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The article examines the problems of the role of services as a sector of the economy.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ВИКЛИКИ В ПРОЦЕСІ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

Changes in the geopolitical context, political movements within countries, new trade agreements, or integration processes create new scenarios and challenges for countries aspiring to Eurointegration. European integration, which has become a key factor in the political, economic, and socio-cultural life of European countries, brings numerous challenges and opportunities. In the process of forming a single market and economic cooperation, participating countries face various challenges that impact social and economic development. Eurointegration entails a country's entry into the European economic space, requiring the implementation of innovative approaches to adapt to European market standards and requirements. Integration into European structures demands an increase in the competitiveness of national economies through innovation in production, services, and management. The Eurointegration processes typically accompany political and legal changes within a country. Innovation can be a crucial factor in implementing necessary reforms and modernizing systems. Eurointegration often involves adaptation to new technological standards and infrastructure, with innovation enabling countries to adjust to these changes. Integration into European structures opens up new opportunities for international cooperation and trade. Innovation can foster the development of collaboration with other countries and regions. The relevance of scientific research lies in the need to address complex challenges arising Вісник Чернівецького торговельно-економічного інституту. 2024. Вип. І (93) 20 from the integration process into European structures, utilizing innovative approaches and innovations. Researching the impact of Eurointegration processes on stimulating innovation in EU member countries is vital. This research could encompass evaluating the effectiveness and adoption of joint innovative policies. Key aspects of innovation challenges in the context of Eurointegration and their impact on the effectiveness and process of integration have been analyzed. This helps to understand the significance of innovation in the entry of countries into European structures and their subsequent development.

Research on the Development Path of Green Marine Economy in the Era of Ecological Civilization

This article explores the development path of the green marine economy in the era of ecological civilization. It highlights the importance of developing a green marine economy and how it has become a global consensus. The article suggests that China should take proactive measures to optimize its marine industrial structure, promote marine scientific and technological innovation, strengthen marine resource protection and environmental governance, and enhance the competitiveness of the marine economy. The ultimate objective is to achieve sustainable development of the ocean, expand the blue economic space, and accomplish the goal of green marine economic development.

Uncovering regional typologies in Europe in terms of interregional and intraregional direct investment flows

Information regarding direct investment flows across European space is scarce, and in most of the cases at the national level. Such a scarcity limits the capacity to undertake the required analyses and to derive the corresponding conclusions on the interrelations among European regions. This is especially so considering that Europe is gradually moving from a “space of States” to a “State of spaces” and from a “space of places’’ to a “space of flows’’. In a nutshell, the pure essence of the European economic integration process is the gradual “thinning” and “melting” of (the artificial) border impediments. Thus, as the process of European economic integration is in full swing, European territories have been experiencing a period of unprecedented change, being transformed into integral parts of the European economic space. The paper uncovers regional typologies in Europe in terms of interregional and intraregional (NUTS 2 level) direct investment flows in year 2018, the year prior to the eruption of the COVID19 pandemic. To this end, the paper compiles an O-D matrix for interregional and intraregional direct investment flows in Europe, constructs tailor-made clustering indicators and employs the k-means clustering technique.

The conceptual model of the national blue economic system and its modeling principles: A supernetwork perspective

The national blue economic system is a complex system formed by the correlation of different agents, such as related blue industries, blue products, blue firms and blue provinces in a country. Its essence can be regarded as a complex system formed by the interconnection of a variety of heterogeneous networks. The supernetwork is an important method for studying such multilevel, multidimensional and multiagent correlation problems in network science. This method can effectively assess the intra- and interrelationships of each element entity. This paper incorporates the multielement entities in the national blue economic system into this multilayer network framework for systematic analysis and decomposes the development issue of the blue economy into the development issues of blue industries, blue products, blue firms and blue provinces. On this basis, this paper analyzes the conceptual model of the national blue economic system space, qualitatively describes the intra- and interexport relationships among multifactor entities in national blue economic development from the perspective of the multilayer network, and expounds the modeling principle of the national blue economic system space. This supernetwork approach provides effective new methods and tools for countries to study the development of the blue economy and formulate corresponding policies to achieve blue growth.

Transport investments and the changing space economy in Kumasi, Ghana

In many African cities, major public transport investments result in mixed land use decisions by private residents. The economic and planning implications of these private land-use decisions are not fully understood; and hence not taken advantage of. Using Kumasi, the second largest city in Ghana, this study explores the range of land use changes and space economy along the Asokwa By-pass and Interchange project, implemented between 2008 and 2011. While not establishing causality, the paper juxtaposes the space economy along the corridor prior to its commencement with existing land uses; to examine perceived and real changes recorded. Adopting a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods including institutional consultations and survey of 290 household participants and 20 business operators, the paper observes rapid emergence of economic uses; conversion of obsolete buildings into shopping arcades; and reclamation of unused lands. Beyond providing improved access and mobility, urban transport investments in cities in sub-Saharan Africa could be leveraged for value capture and revenue mobilisation towards the management of the infrastructure provided. This calls for a re-examination of the role of urban transport investments in sustainable city planning and infrastructure management in sub-Saharan Africa.

«Безграничные объекты» экономической теории и эволюция представлений о пространстве

The paper considers the question of the evolution of the conception of economic space within the approaches of the classical school of the location of productive forces, the gravity model of international trade, the walrasian equilibrium model, as well as institutional analysis. Physicalist metaphors are considered in parallel with this evolution. It is emphasized that economic objects lack clear-cut boundaries, which leads to the problem of ignoring the heterogeneity of space. It is demonstrated that competition within the Walrasian space reduces the degree of heterogeneity, whereas the Coasian space is inherently heterogeneous. The changes in institutional regimes, blurring of property rights and specifying their identification can both decrease and increase transaction costs. it is inferred that the concept of boundaries of objects is of great importance to economic research.

Research on governance structure and benefit balance concerning urban regeneration in Beijing, China: Analysis of the best practical cases

While proposing the national strategy of implementing urban regeneration, the Chinese government put forward requirements such as preventing large-scale demolition and construction and protecting historical architecture, indicating that the previous urban regeneration methods of demolishing low-rise and old buildings and building high-rise and new ones are no longer applicable. As the capital city, Beijing is facing more stringent constraints on reduction-oriented development and historical protection, and the problems of insufficient motivation and unclear paths for market players to participate in urban regeneration have become more prominent. Based on a systematic review of the main theories and practices of market participation in urban regeneration, this study builds a market-oriented mechanism analysis framework for urban regeneration of “governance structure-benefit balance.” In this study, we compared 34 cases that won the title of “The First Beijing Urban Regeneration Best Practice in 2022” and conducted further in-depth analysis of three typical cases by semi-structured interviews, field research, qualitative analysis, and quantitative comparison. From the study, we identified three typical governance structures of welfare protection, economic growth, and comprehensive development during the emergence of market participation in Beijing’s urban regeneration process and found that different governance structures have different cooperation and interaction mechanisms, value promotion orientations, and benefits distribution, which are respectively applicable to facilities and public space regeneration projects that implement social public welfare responsibilities, industrial regeneration projects with ample economic value-added space, and regional comprehensive regeneration projects where quasi-public goods and private goods coexist. We believe that the coexistence of multiple governance structures is an inevitable choice for China’s market mechanism of urban regeneration. The value-added space of urban regeneration projects should be further improved, the distribution of interests among multiple subjects should be balanced, and the sustainable and normalization of urban regeneration actions should be promoted.

Investment Attractiveness of Agriculture in Ukraine: Factors and Prospects for the Future

The article considers the current state and prospects of the development of innovation processes in the agro-industrial complex in the context of globalisation and integration into the world economic space. The relevance is determined by the fact that agriculture in Ukraine needs innovative and investment changes that will become one of the priority factors in the post-war recovery of the industry. The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, possible problems, and ways to increase investment activity. The most favourable and effective mechanisms for incorporating innovative activities into the agricultural sector of the economy are identified. The priority steps to transform the policy of agricultural production in the innovation sphere are formulated and substantiated. The main trends and possibilities of modern support for the development of innovation processes at all stages of product creation and sales are identified. The methodology includes primary research data and analysis of statistical data for 2017–2023. The basis for the further development of the agro-industrial complex and strengthening its competitiveness in the global food market should be a targeted state policy aimed at introducing innovative development models in the agricultural sector. Reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine should be aimed at the organisational, technical and technological restructuring of agricultural production, creating the basis for dynamic, integrated, and development of enterprises, the industry, and the country. The article concludes that ensuring favourable conditions for the sustainable development of innovation in the agricultural sector should become a priority for the development of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex in the context of the country's integration into the global economic space. The main tool for achieving this goal is the development and implementation of optimal and effective mechanisms for restructuring economic and management processes in the agricultural sector of the national economy.