Economic Sectors Research Articles

1-Dimensional metal Nitride-Supported platinum nanoclusters for Low-Temperature hydrogen production from formic acid

Formic acid is widely recognized as a suitable liquid hydrogen carrier for linking renewable energies toward various economic sectors. Designing efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts for low-temperature hydrogen generation from formic acid is vital for this topic. In this study, a rational hierarchical architecture is explored by assembling Pt nanoclusters with 1-dimensional (1D) GaN nanowires. The catalytic architecture describes a considerable hydrogen production activity of 54.89 mmol·gcat−1·h−1 with a nearly 100 % selectivity and a turnover frequency (TOFPt) of 505.7 h−1 under near ambient condition, enables the achievement of a high turnover number of 306,981 mol H2 per mole Pt over 200 h of long-term operation. Through comprehensive mechanistic studies, it is unraveled that the synergistic effect between Pt nanoclusters and GaN significantly reduces the energy barrier for the formation of the key HCOO* intermediate from formic acid dehydrogenation whereas significantly increase the energy barrier of HCOOH → HCO* + *OH. It thus simultaneously contributes to improving the activity and selectivity of formic acid decomposition toward H2. This study proposes a promising strategy for hydrogen generation from formic acid at low temperatures, which is critical for achieving carbon neutrality by coordinating industrial waste heat with renewable energies via liquid hydrogen carriers.

Optimization of Banyuwangi Festival Management through ERP-Tourism Using Dashboard

Tourism is an economic sector that has an important role in regional economic growth, including in Banyuwangi Regency. Banyuwangi Festival, as one of the main attractions, faces various challenges in its management, ranging from event coordination to performance monitoring. This research aims to optimize the management of Banyuwangi Festival through the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)-Tourism supported by the use of interactive dashboards. This research utilizes the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which involves various stakeholders in the system development process. The research findings show that the implementation of ERP-Tourism and interactive dashboards is able to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of festival management. The theoretical implications of this research include the development of literature related to the use of ERP technology in the tourism sector and its contribution to event management. Practically, the results of this study can be used as a guide for festival managers in improving the quality and efficiency of their events. Recommendations for future research include expanding the application of the ERP-Tourism system to other tourism events in Banyuwangi and other regions, as well as further developing dashboard features to meet the specific needs of different types of events. Thus, it is expected that this system can provide wider and sustainable benefits to the tourism sector and regional economy

BEYOND THE HORIZON: FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFORMING MARITIME NAVIGATION

The shipping industry is constantly evolving to meet today's demands and challenges. This article explores how innovations and trends in shipping are influencing the efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness of this vital sector of the global economy. Analysing technological transformations and emerging practices, the paper reveals how new technologies and cross-company collaborations are shaping the future of the maritime industry. The example of the BYD Explorer fleet, the first Ro-Ro vessel specialised in transporting electric cars, underlines the adaptability and innovation in response to the current needs of the automotive industry and sustainability requirements. At the same time, the collaboration between MOL and Bearing, which has led to the development of advanced solutions based on artificial intelligence, demonstrates the positive impact of innovation in optimising maritime operations.

Your room is ready: Tourism and urban revival

Tourism is an essential sector of the global economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Despite its importance, our understanding of its impact on urban economic activity remains limited. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of tourism on urban transformation using a dataset of hotel openings in Madrid from 2001-2010. I show that hotel openings positively impact the number of establishments and employment by using the number of protected buildings as an instrumental variable to account for the non-random distribution of hotel openings. Interestingly, hotel openings contribute to changes in the composition of the economic activities and the business structures, enhancing tourist-oriented corporate-owned businesses over other individual-owned companies. Finally, economic effects extend to the real estate market, increasing rental prices and residential investment.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Educational Field

Recently, the concept of Artificial Intelligence has caused concern not only in the scientific community but also in the media sphere, primarily due to the lack of a universally agreed-upon definition. There is a lack of consensus among people regarding a comprehensive definition of intelligence, and even more so regarding artificial intelligence. Given these circumstances, the growing prevalence of the notion of Intelligence Artificial intelligence has advanced to the extent that it is now a vital element in nearly every sector of today's contemporary economy, exerting a substantial influence on our personal, societal, and political spheres. The foundation of this idea is based on the premise that human intelligence can be precisely described, allowing for the creation of a machine capable of simulating it. This gives rise to philosophical debates concerning the nature of consciousness and the moral implications of developing synthetic entities possessing human-like cognitive abilities. Artificial intelligence presents a myriad of challenges related to comprehension, responsibility, and confidence. Keywords: artificial intelligence, development, technology, education

Network structure analysis based on embodied energy of the Australian economy

Energy and economic growth are closely linked and have negative impacts on the environment. Both environmental protection and economic development are significant global focal points of concern. Australian economic growth has slowed but energy consumption has increased. The relationship between economic growth and energy consumption has changed significantly. However, existing methods for accounting energy transfers between industries overlook the role of embodied energy, making them insufficient to fully capture the actual energy usage in both domestic and international trade. This study investigates the structural changes in embodied energy in the Australian economy. The paper integrates sectors as the section nodes for a network and constructs a two-layer network model to analyze energy flows both between and within nodes. The results show that the Australian embodied energy network exhibited significant variations in efficiency and interconnectedness over time, with a trend toward shorter, more interconnected paths from 2015 to 2019, enhancing overall network efficiency. The Australian embodied energy network currently faces significant funding constraints. The findings show that the Australian economic sectors have increased energy consumption in production without contributing to economic growth due to the concentration of resources within the network.

Economic Sector Study and Development Strategy for the Rebana Metropolitan Area

This research analyzed potential sectors and development strategies in each city/regency in the Rebana Metropolitan Area, from 2018 to 2022. The research method used was quantitative descriptive using several analytical methods, namely Location Quotient, Shift Share, Labor Productivity Levels per Sector, and Klassen Typology. The research results show that each district/city in the Rebana Metropolitan Area has different economic characteristics, apart from that priority infrastructure projects and industrialization which are the direction of development of the Rebana Metropolitan Area have not had a significant impact on the progress of cities/regencies in the Rebana Metropolitan Area.

Refueling a Quiet Fire: Old Truthers and New Discontent in the Wake of COVID-19

This article investigates the factors that contributed to the proliferation of online COVID skepticism on Twitter across Italian municipalities in 2020. We demonstrate that sociodemographic factors were likely to mitigate the emergence of skepticism, whereas populist political leanings were more likely to foster it. Furthermore, pre-COVID anti-vaccine sentiment, represented by “old truthers” on Twitter, amplified online COVID skepticism in local communities. Additionally, exploiting the spatial variation in restrictive economic policies with severe implications for suspended workers in nonessential economic sectors, we find that COVID skepticism spreads more in municipalities significantly affected by the economic lockdown. Finally, the diffusion of COVID skepticism is positively associated with COVID vaccine hesitancy.

Mitigating China’s process-related greenhouse gas emissions via supply chain management

As the world’s largest industrial producer, China’s deep decarbonization of industrial process-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential in fulfilling the goal of reaching net zero emissions. Previous studies have mainly focused on emission inventories and abatement technologies, however, final demand may also be the main driver of industrial process-related GHG emissions in China. Based on environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural path analysis, this study explores the detailed industrial process-related GHG emissions inventory and investigates the detailed supply chain paths of 17 products and 16 types of GHG emissions. The results show that industrial process-related GHG emissions reached 1887.1 Mt CO2-eq in 2018, of which more than three-fifths was induced by fixed capital formation. The entirety of the Construction sector amounted to 54.6% of the total embodied industrial process-related GHG emissions. After examining the embodied industrial process-related GHG emissions paths, critical economic sectors such as Construction, Nonmetallic Mineral, Chemical, and the paths of “Nonmetallic Mineral → Construction → Fixed capital formation and Nonmetallic Mineral → Nonmetallic Mineral → Construction → Fixed capital formation” were identified as the main contributor. In considering the enormous challenges of mitigating GHG emissions from process-related industries, it is essential to identify and optimize critical supply chains, which provides new insights into China's transition towards a low-carbon economy within its industrial processes.

GLOBAL PRACTICE OF DIVERSIFICATION OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

The article considers global trends in the development of the oil and gas sector of the economy. World economic systems, developing due to the availability of large amounts of natural resources, are increasingly specialised in the extraction and export of energy products, which are mainly exported to industry markets in raw form. Countries that supply hydrocarbon commodities to world markets are subject to price volatility and pricing policies, with the result that the economies of oil and gas exporting countries are not always sustainable. Historically, such countries have historically been less able to develop manufacturing sectors that produce value-added goods, while supplementing government budgets with quick revenues from oil and gas exports. These countries have a chance to develop their economies by selling raw materials for a certain period of time, but in the long term they switch to economic diversification to ensure sustainability in the face of uncertainties (lower demand for raw materials, volatility of resource prices, environmental challenges, scientific and technological development, increased use of unconventional energy sources, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.). Oil and gas producing and exporting countries have been carrying out reforms for the last two decades in order to ensure strong economic growth through the expansion of industrial sectors of the economy by producing deep processing products with high added value. The purpose of the research is to study the world experience of oil and gas industry diversification development in order to adapt it to the realities of Kazakhstan Methodology - The work uses statistical, monographic, abstract-logical and other methods of research. Originality/value of the study is to consider the experience of foreign countries in the development of diversification of the oil and gas sector of the economy. Results of the study - The main directions of development of diversification of the oil and gas sector of the country's economy are determined.

ON THE METHOD AND TOOL OF INTELLECTUALIZATION OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SUPPLY SECTOR IN UKRAINE

By analyzing the strategic documents on the development of the energy sector of the national economy of Ukraine, the article states that one of the key problems of the development in the context of the energy transition is that these documents lack goals and objectives to change the mentality of the population of the country and the human resources of the industry, as well as of public authorities and the administration of their activities. The article outlines the practical lack of conscious consideration of behavioural factors of human resources in the energy sector of national market economy, which is defined as one of the most difficult components to change given the energy transition of global national economies. To theoretically substantiate the possibilities of improving the public management of the energy transition strategy of the national energy supply system through the intellectualization of its managerial and executive personnel, the article proposes the use of technology of change management in the intellectual orientation and mentality of human resources involved in energy generation, distribution and consumption by intellectualizing and changing their mentality. For this, the article uses an original method and algorithm to create personal and group intellectual portraits based on the graph-analytical model of a person’s economic temperament. Ideal, desired and real portraits of a person were formalized, and recommendations were made on their possible participation in the energy supply processes. The article demonstrates that new mechanisms for using the intelligence of each employee and the collective intelligence of the system can be formed in the country’s energy management system through selecting human resources for the public management and administration system according to the reasonable and recommended intellectual dominants of the individual. These mechanisms are directed towards accomplishing tasks and ensuring the achievement of the goals of energy transition and sustainable development of the country, as outlined in the government document “Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.

Strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises

The purpose of the article is to evaluate theoretical approaches to the study of various scientific and practical approaches of sustainable economic development. The author of the work has the following tasks: to conduct a comparative assessment of various scientists and economists studying theoretical approaches of sustainable strategic development of innovative potential of industrial enterprises; to identify the main directions of the theoretical approaches to its research of both Russian and foreign scientists; to determine the vectors of the strategic development of the innovative potential of companies in the industrial sector; to analyse and classify the methods that scientists use to study the essence and typology of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises within the economic system. Finally, the theoretical approaches to the study of the sustainable development of the innovative potential of enterprises of the regional industrial complex have been evaluated and used, the research results are formulated. The methods and techniques of application of various innovative technologies, ways, etc. are considered and evaluated. At the present stage of sustainable economic development this is of great importance. The results of the conducted research can be applied while formulating directions for the industrial and spatial development of the country’s economic sectors as well as for the strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises.

Directions for the development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises

The article provides a comparative assessment of various scientists and economists studying theoretical approaches to sustainable strategic development of innovative potential of industrial enterprises. The conducted research identifies the main directions of the theoretical approaches to its study, both by Russian scientists and foreign ones. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more attention to the processes aimed at ensuring stable economic growth and, perhaps, even be unable to influence them. In the context of transforming global economic relations, the stability of economic systems is a key element of the development and strategic growth of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises. It is needed to introduce and use various theoretical approaches in the process of forming directions for the strategic development of this potential contributing to the effective establishment of the industrial complex. Methodological approaches of scientific research to the conceptual and essential characteristics and categorisation of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises as part of the economic system are also considered and systematised. The obtained results of the conducted research can be used in assessing the theoretical foundations aimed at studying the theoretical directions of industrial and spatial development of the country’s economic sectors and at the strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises.

The Impact of E-Commerce Platform Adoption Among MSME: A Literature Review

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed daily life greatly. As a result of the restrictions implemented during the spread of COVID-19, most transactions were undertaken online. All economic sectors, including the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector, were affected by the new norms. At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, online transactions were challenging to implement. Nevertheless, they are becoming easier and help entrepreneurs maintain consistent operations until the economic situation becomes stable. The MSME sector is crucial in comparison with other primary sectors in the acquisition of national income. This review article discusses the impact of the adoption of e-commerce platforms among MSME entrepreneurs based on three aspects of technology, organisation, and environment in a recovering economy after the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The three primary aspects of the technology, organisation, and environment (TOE) model are widely adopted in the study of e-commerce platform adoption. In the future, this study will continue with the methodology, findings, and discussion sections.

Financial incentive instruments of regional economy’ «green» transformation

Transformation and development of the economy towards greening is an important measure for different regions to address the global challenges of climate change and rising pollution levels, and a necessary pathway to achieve sustainable development. Whether it is modernization and transformation of green technologies in traditional industries or green management of the public environment, external financial support is needed to compensate for the insufficient investment of micro-economic actors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key financial instruments that stimulate the green transformation of the regional economy, as well as an attempt to determine the directions of using these instruments to increase the effective supply of green funds and ensure their increasing role in promoting economic transformation on the path of building an ecological civilization. The methodological basis of the study was formed by analytical and comparative methods, as well as relevant works of scientists devoted to the study of the problems of stimulating environmentally-oriented transformation processes, primarily in the regional context. The results of the analysis show that, given the important supporting role of finance in the green transformation of the economy and the fact that the relevant research is still at the initial stage, the systemic mechanism of financial stimulation of the regional economy’ green transformation should be based on three elements: financial support, capital allocation and risk diversification. It is demonstrated that the development of green economy cannot be separated from the increasing innovation dynamics of "green" financial products, so it is necessary to increase efforts in the field of development and implementation of financial innovations, to provide priority financial support to key sectors of the green economy.

Measuring the purity of organic chemicals: general approaches and development of an appropriate procedure for research of pure organic chemicals

Pure materials are in demand in many sectors of the national economy, including the metrological service. High purity organic material is the ultimate source of metrological traceability in organic analysis to the basic units of the International System of Units (SI). This article presents the general approaches to determining the mass fraction of the main component in pure organic chemicals, which provide a traceable connection between the certified value of substance purity and the basic SI units - mass (kilogram) and amount of substance (mole), the features of using direct and indirect measurement approaches are considered, specific analytical methods that can be used for this purpose are discussed. Determining the purity of an organic material in most cases is not a plain analytical and metrological task. Solving this issue requires the relevant instrumental methods and appropriate measurement procedure, which is able to provide a comprehensive study of organic matter and guarantee the necessary accuracy of the certified value. Taking in consideration the vast diversity of organic chemicals, the determination of the purity of organic substances will never be a standardized procedure.

A review of marine genetic resource valuations

AbstractMarine biotechnology is a rapidly growing sector of the ocean economy, but efforts to assess its value, and that of the genetic resources that enable it, remain contentious. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identified 67 distinct valuations of marine genetic resources. We analysed these using the IPBES Values Assessment typology and found a predominance of behaviour-based valuations using economic value indicators to assess monetary benefits from marine drug discovery.

Креативные установки в контексте жизненных и профессиональных ценностей студенческой молодежи: гендерное измерение

The problem studied in the article is caused by the need to develop creative sectors of the Russian economy and generate innovative processes in all spheres of life, which require creating conditions for creative self-realization for both women and men equally. The article is devoted to the identification of the connection between students' attitudes to creative activity and their life and professional values, special attention is paid to the search for gender differences in creative attitudes of students. The empirical base of the study is the data from a survey conducted in 2024 among Russian university students (n=750). The results of the study identified the priority of essential terminal motivation of creative activity due to the high importance of selfactualization values in the structure of life and professional values of students. The following gender features of attitudes toward creative activity among students were identified: women are more involved in the development of creative projects and advanced training at courses and trainings, men – in programming, mastering and improving technologies; women are more often involved in the manifestation of creativity in creative hobbies, education, social and civic activism, men – in scientific research, politics and management. It is concluded that the institutional conditions existing in Russian society and gender role stereotypes rooted in the public consciousness influence the nature of women’s creative attitudes and their choice of areas for realizing their creative potential. Gender asymmetry in areas of employment and the “closedness” of women’s access to areas such as management and politics do not contribute to women’s desire to show their potential in them.

Production and logistics 4.0 in the food industry in the Czech Republic

The food industry is the most important sector of the national economy of the Czech Republic, which significantly contributes to the fulfillment of fundamental macroeconomic aggregates such as gross domestic product, employment, exports and others. The food industry is currently facing pressure from customers for higher quality and safety while maintaining low prices. At the same time, however, they must ensure high safety and productivity of their production and logistics flows when there is a shortage of manpower. Another aspect is the sustainability of logistics and supply chains, i.e. the requirement for new materials, packaging and technologies enabling maximum processing and use of inputs. From this point of view, the application of Industry 4.0 elements to the food industry appears to be a necessary step for the company's competitiveness. The article summarizes the results of a questionnaire survey that took place in the period April-May 2023 through the Internet tool Survio. A structured questionnaire was sent to 206 food businesses in the Czech Republic. The enterprises were selected according to the database of the Ministry of Agriculture. 69 enterprises returned correctly completed questionnaires, which makes the return rate 33%. Questions were directed to the area of process stability as a result of two crises, the Russian-Ukrainian crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. Further to the field of automation, digitization and robotization to evaluate the current state of involvement of food production in Industry 4.0.

Part that social media plays in advertising MSMEs goods in Patas 1 Village, Gunung Bintang Awi District, South Barito Regency

This study discusses the role of social media in marketing products of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Patas 1 Village, Gunung Bintang Awai District, South Barito Regency. MSMEs are an essential sector in the village's economy, with various businesses such as culinary, handicrafts, and traditional weapon production. Social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp have helped some MSME actors expand their markets and increase product sales. However, some MSMEs have yet to utilize social media due to limited knowledge fully. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social media use in MSME marketing and provide appropriate strategy recommendations. The evaluation methods used were interviews and direct observation. The study's findings indicate that social media significantly expands market networks, builds consumer interactions, and increases product sales. However, challenges such as lack of creativity and competition from similar products remain. Therefore, training and socialization on social media use for MSME actors are necessary to maximize their marketing potential in the digital era