Economic Sectors Research Articles

Zooming Out: Circular Economy Development in the European Union and its Implications on the Economy and Society

The concept of the circular economy has emerged as a response to the challenges posed by resource constraints, waste accumulation, and pollution, threatening both social welfare and business profitability. The circular economy aims for sustainable development, encompassing environmental quality, economic prosperity, and social equity across current and future generations. Despite its recognition as a pivotal solution, there needs to be more comprehensive understanding regarding its development and its economic and social impacts. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the progress of circular economy sectors in the European Union to get an overview of the circular economy advancements and discuss geographical economic and social effects. The focus is on the indicators of gross value added, private investments, and full-time employment within recycling, repair, and reuse sectors because these sectors provide good proxies for the circular economy activities in the European economy. Results suggest a linear growth of circular economy sectors across the European Union, albeit with variations among member states. The paper discusses the implications of circular economy transition on the economy and society, particularly on the labour market, skill demands, and technology integration, emphasising the need for a critical academic discourse. It questions assumptions about job creation and local employment, especially considering technological advancements that may reduce manual labour in recycling plants. Future research is invited to focus on these macro-level implications and critically reflect on the societal implications of a circular economy transition to shape a more fair and socially inclusive economy.

ВИТАМИН D3: ПОДРОБНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СУБСТАНЦИИ И АНАЛИЗ

The article examines in detail the issues of standardization of the obtained vitamin D substance using its own original technological scheme, and the possibility of further use of the substance to create a standard sample (SS). The work traces the current problem associated with the lack of production of domestic vitamin D substance. The object of study is the vitamin D substance isolated from natural raw materials. To assess the quality of the obtained substance, quantitative and qualitative determination methods, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a wavelength of 265 nm, IR spectroscopy in the emission range of the spectrum from 4000 cm-1 to 400 cm-1, organoleptic method, polarimetry, refractometry and other methods of analysis were used. The obtained vitamin D substance, according to its quality characteristics, can be confidently used not only as a material for the manufacture of SS, but also as a starting substance in the pharmaceutical, food and agricultural sectors of the national economy.

Statistical analysis of the impact of profitability in the manufacturing and service sectors on the UK Economy’s Growth

The UK economy's performance is closely tied to the profitability of its Manufacturing Sector (MS) and Service Sector (SS). Understanding these sectors' dynamics is crucial for effective policymaking. Integrating sustainable practices in both sectors enhances profitability and operational efficiency while contributing to economic growth and reducing environmental impact. This study investigates the relationship between UK economic growth and profitability in the MS and SS from 1998 to 2022. The primary objective is to examine how profitability influences the UK's growth trajectory. Employing various statistical methods, including correlation, regression, cointegration, and variance decomposition analyses, the study aims to provide insights into the interplay between GDP and sector profitability. A quantitative approach using secondary data on GDP and profitability from reliable sources is adopted. Correlation analysis explores relationships between these variables, while regression analysis assesses the impact of MS and SS profitability on GDP. Cointegration tests identify long-term equilibrium relationships, and variance decomposition analysis reveals the variability of GDP and sector profitability over time. The correlation matrix indicates positive associations between GDP and both sectors, with the SS showing a stronger correlation. Regression analysis confirms significant effects of both sectors on GDP, with the SS exerting a positive influence and the MS a negative impact. Cointegration tests highlight long-term stability, and variance decomposition analysis emphasizes the dynamic nature of these relationships. This study elucidates the intricate link between UK economic growth and sector profitability, underscoring the SS's critical role in driving expansion while addressing challenges in the MS. Policy recommendations include enhancing productivity and innovation in both sectors, informed by evidence-based decision-making. Overall, the study contributes valuable insights into the UK economy's growth dynamics, guiding sustainable economic development strategies.

A review of the progress and developments of green chemistry

The purpose of this review is to present the progress and development of a fundamental field that aims to design chemical processes with as little adverse effect on the environment as possible. The paper discusses the relevance of changes in industries considering the impact of the conventional chemical industry on the environment, people, and resources, with pollution, toxicity, and depletion of the resources being alarming effects. Waste minimization as one of the ten principles of green chemistry, atom economy and safer solvents and auxiliaries, is also described in detail. In the best practice examples drawn from key industries such as Unilever and BASF, a positive approach toward integrating biodegradable materials and renewable resources is evident. Furthermore, new developments in the catalysis and biocatalysts techniques as well as innovative methods of carbon dioxide conversion are also explored to demonstrate that sustainability is a core direction of chemical transformations. Nevertheless, prospects are evident albeit constrained in economic, regulatory, and technical sectors. Overcoming these barriers is crucial to the complete realization of green chemistry in the industry and the scale-back of environmental harm. It is for this reason that the present review offers a final reflection on how both green chemistry and a circular economy can change various sectors and offer more sustainable solutions.

A Newly Bio-Based Material for the Construction Industry Using Gypsum Binder and Rice Straw Waste (Oryza sativa)

Construction is one of the economic sectors with the greatest influence on climate change. In addition to working procedures, the primary carbon footprint is attributed to the choice of materials and the energy required for their manufacturing. The underlying idea of this study is to minimize the effects and offer new solutions to emerging problems in the quest for materials that can be deemed as natural, such as gypsum (calcium sulphate dihydrate) and rice straw (Oryza sativa). The acquisition of these materials involves a lower carbon footprint compared to the conventional materials. It is well known since ancient times that gypsum and cereal straw can be used in construction, with numerous examples still available. Cereal straw is one of the oldest construction materials, traditionally combined with earth and occasionally with certain binders, with it continuing to be employed in construction in many countries to this day. This work showcases the feasibility of producing stable prefabricated elements from straw waste with construction gypsum, addressing a significant environmental concern posed by the alternative of having to burn such materials. In this study, for the proposed bio-based material, specific tests, such as thermal conductivity, flexural and compressive strength, and fire resistance, were carried out to evaluate the principal physical and mechanical characteristics for different compositions of water, gypsum, and straw fiber samples. The results highlighted the good performance of the proposed materials in order to spread their use in the green building industry. The addition of straw fibers improved, in different ways, some important physical characteristics of these components so as to diminish environmental pollution and to obtain better material performance. The tests highlighted the different behaviors of the proposed material with respect to the different cuts of the straw and as well as the water/gypsum ratio; this is not very well understood and probably depends on the micro structure of the straw fibers. The blocks with raw straw showed a significant improvement in the breaking mechanism (1775.42 N) compared to the blocks with cut straw (712.26 N) when subjected to bending tests, and their performance in compression tests was also acceptable. Additionally, a very interesting reduction in thermal conductivity was achieved by incorporating rice straw (0.233 W/mK), and high fire exposure times were obtained, with gypsum preventing the spread of ignition in any type of fiber.

Ghaslah: Car wash application

It is known in Oman and many countries that technological devices and artificial intelligence have become a part of daily life. People use them to complete daily tasks and communicate among themselves, as well as facilitating some tasks that require time and effort. Therefore, there are many phone applications that have been developed to serve people, and they were created and developed by Omanis. These applications facilitate the promotion of the tourism, economic, and commercial sectors. Some of them support tourism by showing tourist places and introducing them to tourists, and some show important events in the Sultanate. Which tourists love to go to and supports the economy through the financial returns that result from this trade through these applications. In this project, we proposed creating a mobile application titled Ghaslah. It is an application concerned with car washes. It supports the customer and the owners of car wash companies. It enables the customer to choose the appropriate car wash company and choose the best services that the customer needs. It also supports segments of society, including women, the elderly, and people with special needs in particular. It supports car wash companies by displaying the services provided by the companies at the lowest costs in terms of advertising and other things, enabling companies to provide their services such as reservations and home services. This application will enhance the economic aspect in Oman and the owners of car wash companies and satisfy the customers with services that suit their needs.

The effects of Vicoba Services on the performance of SMEs in Tanzania; the case Kinondoni District

This study assessed the effect of VICOBA services on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive design to establish relationship between loans and financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Kinondoni district. The multistage sampling techniques of simple random and judgmental sampling were employed in selecting 76 replicates from Umoja wa VICOBA Kata ya Kigogo (UVIKAKI). Structured questionnaires instruments and interviews were used in data collection. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and content analysis. The study findings revealed that, there is significant influence of VICOBA to the development of entrepreneurship schemes and poverty reductions among community members of UVIKAKI scheme. Through loans disbursement at low interests encourage the improvement of capital and livelihood to the members through income-generated activities such as poultry, catering, canteen, and workshops. The government partners that play a key role in the grassroots movement of informal sector of economy should call on all funders, financing organizations, and development partners to help the marginalized population. Similar to this, communities could assess themselves against programs like VICOBA by developing their own internal awareness, knowledge, skills, and capital.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA PETERNAKAN SKALA MENENGAH PROGRAM UMKM PADA RUMAH PEMOTONGAN AYAM KAMPUNG(STUDI KASUS RPA LA’TANSA DI KECAMATAN PALU SELATAN KELURAHAN BIROBULI UTARA)

Central Sulawesi Province has an area of ​​61,841.29 km^2 consisting of 13 Regencies/Cities with a population of 2,921,715 people or 719,031 households and a population of 77,004 free-range chickens spread across several areas of Palu City (Central Statistics Agency, 2016). Palu City as an autonomous region has various resources that can be developed to achieve the main goal of economic development, so that it can increase the number and types of employment opportunities for regional communities so that community welfare is more equitable. In an effort to achieve this goal, the government must be able to develop potential economic sectors, one of which is free-range chicken farming so that it develops as a leading sector. With the hope that this sector will be able to contribute to the community's economy, especially medium-sized farms with MSME capital. Extensive-traditional or free range chicken rearing system. Even though there are breeders who carry out intensive cultivation, they are still very limited in terms of capital and marketing. This is what makes the total production of the free-range chicken population in the city of Palu lower when compared to other cities, so it is necessary to conduct a study on income analysis of the medium-scale free-range chicken business for the UMKM program in the City of Palu. The aim of this research is to find out how much income middle-scale chicken traders earn from the MSME program at RPA LA Tansa, South Palu District, North Bureaubuli Village and to find out the feasibility of selling free-range chickens at RPA Latansa. This research will be carried out at RPA Latansa from February to April 2024 . This research method uses a survey method. The research design uses a type of quantitative descriptive research, namely a research procedure that uses descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words (interviews) with respondents, then the research data obtained is simplified in table form by displaying the number and average, then analyzed again sequentially. descriptive. The data analysis used is Revenue Analysis, Cost Analysis, Income Analysis and R/C Ration business feasibility analysis. Based on an analysis of income calculations, the Latan'sa chicken slaughterhouse (RPA) business income for one month is IDR. 38,722,708 which shows that the Latan'sa chicken slaughterhouse (RPA) business is making a profit

Measuring the effect of exchange rate variations on diverse economic sectors in the United States

ABSTRACT This study examined how exchange rates affect the US stock market and 27 industries. Using the TVP-VAR frequency-connectedness approach, it explores volatility spillover transmission and employs wavelet coherence analysis to uncover the co-movement between the USD and various sectors. The results show that the USD has been mainly volatile due to the 2008 stock market crisis, except for gold mining and select industries. During the crisis, the USD’s relationship with sectors exhibited out-of-phase patterns with long-term oscillations. This suggests that policymakers can use exchange rates to boost economic activity.

Examining the impact of water scarcity on agricultural output in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region

AbstractThis research paper examines the impact of water scarcity on agricultural output in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. It highlights the increasing global water scarcity and its consequences, including the prevalence of water‐stressed areas and the adverse effects on human health and economic sectors. The paper focuses on the GCC region, known for its water scarcity and desertification, exacerbated by climate change and pollution. The study aims to investigate the relationship between water stress levels and agricultural productivity, evaluating the effects of freshwater withdrawals, fertilizer consumption, and agricultural methane emissions on crop production. Additionally, it explores the connection between agricultural output and net national income per capita. By addressing these research questions, the study contributes to the understanding of agricultural water scarcity and its implications for global food security and sustainability. The paper utilizes data from the World Bank to analyze crop production in the GCC countries from 2001 to 2020, shedding light on the influence of water scarcity on agricultural landscapes. The research highlights the efforts made by GCC countries to enhance food security, including strategic investments in agricultural lands and bilateral agreements. It also discusses the challenges faced by specific countries within the region, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Kuwait, in terms of agricultural production and water constraints. Overall, the paper provides insights into the complexities of agricultural water scarcity and its effects on the GCC region, emphasizing the need for sustainable solutions to ensure food security and economic stability.

ENHANCING REPEAT PURCHASE INTENTION (ZALORA INDONESIA ON GEN Y) THROUGH E-SERVICE QUALITY, ETRUST, AND MODERATING ROLE OF PRIOR ONLINE EXPERIENCE

E-commerce has emerged as one of the most developed sectors in the nation's digital economy, consisting of many transactions conducted over the internet, referred to as online sales and purchases. The fundamental success of an e-commerce comes from the results of the sales transactions carried out by consumers, therefore it is essential to convert prospective consumers into buyers who are motivated to conduct repeat purchases, which is the key to achievement in purchasing online, ensuring all businesses carries out various strategies by providing excellent service quality to create satisfaction and keep consumers loyal consequently to encourage repeat purchases. This research contributes to the understanding of how the factors or factors influence consumer behavior, specifically in the context of repeat purchase intention on ecommerce platforms like Zalora Indonesia. The study uses SEM-PLS (SmartPLS 3.0 software) and carried out through three stages, Outer model, Inner model, and hypothesis which inclusive direct and indirect effects. The measurement results show that the variables or factors generate positive and significant hypotheses about repeat purchase intentions, with the exception of the prior online experience variable, which produces negative results concerning the correlation between e service quality and repeat purchase intent, as evidenced by the classification of moderators, which serves as a predictor variable (Predictor Moderation). The study provides managerial implications for the city of Cilegon (particularly among Gen Millennials) to increase Repeat Purchase Intention in order to compete more effectively, especially against Shopee and Tokopedia.

Men’s and women’s visions of employment policies to combat depopulation in rural Spain

The paper draws on the data gathered from a survey on men and women living in Spanish municipalities affected by depopulation. Using factor analysis, it identifies labour profiles among men and women associated with socio-demographic, economic and technological variables. We establish four profiles related to employment status for the men and women in a rural environment. For the women, we identify a group linked to the services sector, another to the public administration sector, and a group with unstable employment and the intention to emigrate, with these women being the youngest. Additionally, there is a group of women that report not working or never having worked, with these individuals being older and associated with family businesses. Regarding the men, the first three groups correspond to the agricultural sector, the industry sector and the services sector, with there also being a further group consisting of young men either without a job or with an unstable one. The article also applies cluster analysis to examine men and women’s preferences as regards the policies currently most widely used to promote rural employment in Spain: concession of tax benefits for job creation, the promotion of entrepreneurial activity, innovation in the primary sector and the advancement of rural tourism. The order of preference for the four policies is the same for both sexes, with entrepreneurship and improved funding being the most preferred, followed by innovation in agricultural activity. The results show, however, that variables such as age, level of education, type of job, economic sector, income and size of municipality of residence, have a different impact on men’s and women’s choices.

The Relationship between the Knowledge Economy and Marketing: a Bibliometric Analysis

Knowledge is a commodity of the knowledge economy, produced, disseminated and consumed in this environment. It should be noted that the main enablers, the political system and society, and the main consumers, the economy and society, are highlighted. Moreover, various marketing tools can be applied to promote a knowledge-based economy and ensure lifelong learning. The selection of marketing solutions is contingent upon the degree to which society is prepared to transition to a knowledge-based economy. Thus, a need exists to investigate the relationship between the knowledge economy and marketing. The aim of this research is: by applying the bibliometric analysis method, to analyse the relationship between the knowledge economy and marketing. The analysis conducted revealed that the knowledge economy is a relevant scientific field. Topic trend analysis revealed a shift in studies. From 2016 to date, the emphasis has been on decision-making, manufacturing, sustainability and sustainable development. The focus of studies has shifted from the United States and the European Union to China. This suggests future research directions, such as research into the application of the knowledge economy in different settings and different sectors, and research into the relationship between the knowledge economy and sustainability issues.

The Monetary Policy of Real Estate Industry Implemented by the Government under the Covid-19

Abstract: Recently, the real estate become more and more prosperous and turn out the mainstay industry of Chinas economy. And monetary policy is a wise choice to control the development of the real estate industry. In the history of the development of Chinas real estate industry, different periods have different monetary policies implemented by the government. Recently, with the influence of COVID-19, the real housing industry has been in a recession. This essay summarizes the past monetary policies implemented by government and extends to the status quo of the real housing industry to find out the fitting monetary policy which can relieve the pressure brought by the COVID-19. The expansive monetary policy would reduce the bubbles of real estate industry while the constrictive monetary policy would enhance the real estate industry. And finally get the conclusion that government should choose to implement a tight monetary policy to boost the economy of the property sector.

Racing toward attaining sustainable development in India: Probing the asymmetric effect of country risk and coal energy

AbstractThe pursuit of a sustainable environment is a common goal for many nations; however, achieving this has become increasingly difficult due to country‐specific risks, often referred to as country risk. Despite its importance, the relationship between country risk and environmental outcomes is still in its early stages of exploration. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the influence of country risk on India's ecological footprint within an asymmetric empirical framework, while accounting for economic growth and coal energy consumption. Utilizing the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) estimator, the analysis covers data from 1984 to 2018. The findings reveal that positive changes in economic and financial risk contribute to environmental improvement by significantly reducing the ecological footprint, whereas negative changes in these risks lead to an increase in ecological footprint. Additionally, positive changes in political risk, economic growth, and coal energy usage exacerbate the ecological footprint, while reductions in coal energy use and political risk lead to environmental benefits. Based on these outcomes, policymakers are encouraged to establish a clear risk benchmark and reduce the ecological footprint by fostering economic growth in a sustainable manner. Governments should also prioritize strong support for green technology investments and ensure stability across political, economic, and financial sectors to promote long‐term environmental sustainability.

Practical Reforms in the Field of Copyright Protection in the Republic Of Uzbekistan and Their Promising Results

This article examines the ongoing efforts to enhance legal literacy, awareness, and the protection of intellectual property rights in Uzbekistan, focusing on the “Strategy for the Development of Intellectual Property in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026.” It highlights the significant legal reforms undertaken since the 2017-2021 development strategy, including the adoption of over a thousand laws aimed at fostering transparency, civil society engagement, and human rights protection. However, several challenges persist in the legal protection of intellectual property, such as inadequate public knowledge, weak integration of intellectual property in production processes, and insufficient coordination among relevant state bodies. The research explores how collective management of intellectual property rights, inspired by international models, can address these challenges. It also delves into the institutional reforms needed to ensure efficient legal protection, prevent counterfeit products, and promote the use of intellectual activity results in the economic and social sectors. The article concludes with recommendations for improving Uzbekistan’s intellectual property framework, increasing public engagement, and positioning intellectual property as a key driver of the country's socio-economic development.

Demographic Change and Regional Specialisation: The Case of Greek NUTS II Regions

This paper investigates the impact of demographic changes on regional specialisation across Greek NUTS2 regions from 2001 to 2021. It explores the relationship between age-specific variations in the economically active population and gross value added (GVA) across different economic sectors. Using demographic and GVA data alongside spatial analysis techniques such as spatial regression models, median Local Moran’s I, and location quotient, the study identifies spatial autocorrelation patterns. Findings reveal strong correlations between the economically active population and GVA, highlighting demographic factors’ crucial role in regional economic performance. Over the period 2001 to 2021, the 15–24 and 25–34 age groups generally experienced declining growth rates in total, male, and female economically active populations, while the 45–54 and 55–64 age groups saw increases. Regions adjacent to those with higher economically active populations showed high–high clustering. Especially, Attiki and Kentriki Makedonia, the two metropolitan regions of Greece, influence neighbouring regions through economic spillover effects, fostering economic sector clustering and emphasising regional specialisation. These findings highlight the complex interplay between demographic shifts and regional economic outcomes, noting spatial disparities and the need for targeted policy interventions. The study provides empirical evidence demonstrating how demographic changes influence regional economic development across different regions.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The article explores the implementation of innovative Industry 4.0 technologies in the energy sector of Ukraine. It investigates key issues in the energy sector, including the reduction of electricity production capacities due to destruction, capture, and damage to property, low levels of innovation activity in energy enterprises, high energy intensity of production, moral and physical aging of equipment, and a low influx of foreign direct investments into Ukraine's energy sphere. The majority of the analyzed period indicates a relatively low level of interest from foreign investors in the examined sector of the domestic economy. The study identifies the Industry 4.0 toolkit applicable for the restoration of damaged and modernization of outdated infrastructure, enhancing the efficiency of Ukraine's energy sector. It is noted that among the tools, special attention should be paid to monitoring and forecasting systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, integrated digital platforms, smart financial technologies, smart meters, remote monitoring systems, and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the peculiarities of applying this toolkit to solve the diagnosed problems in the energy sector of Ukraine. It is noted that the use of Industry 4.0 tools, namely the Internet of Things and big data analytics, can significantly improve the monitoring and management of energy processes. The problem of low innovation activity of Ukrainian energy companies can be solved by creating integrated digital platforms and developing partnerships between companies to share innovations. The use of smart financial technologies can make Ukraine's energy sector more attractive to investors. The high level of electricity losses during generation and distribution can be addressed by introducing smart meters and remote monitoring systems.

Exploring post-COVID-19 travel intentions of foreign tourists in Nepal: An empirical study using structural equation modeling

<p>Amidst the global challenges posed by the rapid transmission of a new coronavirus, the tourism sector has undergone an unprecedented downturn, similar to all economic sectors. In light of this, the present study aims to examine the travel intentions of foreign tourists in the post-COVID-19 era in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal using Social Cognitive Theory. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis of 350 tourists. The study revealed that the travel intention after the COVID-19 outbreak was significantly influenced by severity perception and personal positive effects, both of which were shaped by environmental changes. Results indicate that a common challenge faced by tourists was the lack of quality hotels and homestays, and the suggested managerial solution was to increase the number and enhance the quality of available accommodations. Tourism in Nepal serves as an enduring source of national income, offering a significant competitive advantage, thus rendering sustainable tourism unavoidable.<strong></strong></p>

The quasi-moderation role of local culture in the relationship between business sustainability practices and financial performance in the creative economy sector in Indonesia

The quasi-moderation role of local culture in the relationship between business sustainability practices and financial performance in the creative economy sector in Indonesia