Economic Science Research Research Articles

Analysis of Migrational Trends in the Context of Formation of Georgian Labor Market and Economic Development

Georgia's participation in global migration processes has increased substantially in recent years. The significance of migration in the socioeconomic, cultural, political, and demographic aspects of the nation is growing. Effective migration management is one of the prerequisites for assuring the security and long-term stability of the nation. It is also an essential tool for reapprochement with the European Union and contributes to the country's socioeconomic development by maximizing the potential of migration. For this reason, proper planning of migration policy and continuous development of its management effectiveness is one of the Government of Georgia's top priorities, and its study is even more pertinent at the present time. The purpose of the study is to analyze migrational trends within the context of the formation of Georgian labor market and the growth of the economy, as well as to determine future prospects. Based on the purpose of the research, the main research objectives and hypotheses can be formulated as follows: 1. Analysis of migrational trends; 2. Characterization of the causes of migration; 3 Assessment of the impact of migration on the formation of the Georgian labor market and the development of the economy. The methodological foundation of the work is economic science research; Georgian and foreign language scientific articles, papers, and studies are used; and the research material is founded on National Statistics Service data. In the research, qualitative and statistical methodologies are employed. This research focuses primarily on data acquisition, comparison, evaluation, and analysis. Finally, the results and conclusions of the research can be used in higher education institutions as a guide material, and it will significantly help various institutions in working out the adequate issues of defining and realizing the country's economic development course. Key words: Modern migrational trends, Migrational challenges, Exporting-importing countries, Migration factors, Migration policy.

РОЗВИТОК ОРГАНІЧНОГО АГРАРНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЯК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНИЙ ШЛЯХ ДО ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ БОЛГАРСЬКОГО СЕЛА

The importance of agriculture for the Bulgarian economy is reflected in historical and economic scientific research in the field of agrarian history, economics and law, influencing the growing interest of the scientific community in agrarian problems, including agrarian-ecological ones. In the conditions of the tense European agricultural market, despite numerous agreements, the state support of the Bulgarian agricultural producer in most developed countries is steadily increasing. Bulgaria, whose economy is organically and inextricably linked with agriculture, also found itself in the conditions of an urgent need to review, reassess the system of state support for ecological agriculture, in-depth analysis of the legal basis of its functioning, establishing ways of improvement and further development of ecologically oriented agricultural production. The problem of implementing ecological aspects of agricultural production in Bulgaria in the context of European integration is highlighted. The Bulgarian model of sustainable agricultural nature management is considered, and the main environmental problems that prevented its implementation are described. Attention is focused on the main aspects of state policy regarding the support of ecological agricultural production. Agricultural production, as one of the most common types of human activity, had a harmful effect on the surrounding natural environment, since industry and transport were considered the main violators of the natural balance at one time. Currently, agriculture is in the first place in terms of environmental pollution. The condition of the agricultural lands in Bulgaria is unsatisfactory. However, it was determined that serious problems for the environment arose due to the irregular use of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals in agricultural production, which, together with rainwater and underground water, enter rivers and lakes, causing significant damage to large river basins, fish stocks and vegetation. As a result of the scientific research, it was established that the problem of forming the concept of biological agricultural production in Bulgaria has not been solved. The model of environmentally-oriented agricultural production required organizational and economic support for the management of sustainable agricultural nature management.

The Media Organization Financing Resource in the Kurdistan Region

Media economics in general and financial resources of media organizations in particular is one of the most recent economic science research topics in the areas of media and economics. In particular, after the development of media tools, media production, and message formulation in media market, the rise of expense in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and increase of media audience’s demands led to media organizations search for more financial resources to maintain and develop their position in the competitive market and increase profit through media production and message formulation. In this work, the new financial resources in the world’s media market are outlined, and the financial resources of the media organizations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in the framework of media economics are explored. Each financial resource is categorized with its level of dependency in the organizations. 8 media organizations, that are television channel, radio, digital media, and pare surveyed For this aims the researcher use description method and depend on survey with selecting 8 media organization in the Kurdistan region, for those who own television and radio channel, at the same time has digital and print media.Also this article chose ‘10’ management from high managing.Due to this research aims to explore media financing resource by media organization in the Kurdistan Region. So it concludes with some results. Which the main one is the media organization in the Kurdistan Region cannot success in getting benefit from economic resource to gain income.only %37.5 of the resource of economic resource is available in media marketing. Furthermore in the Kurdistan Region private own is come as the first media economic resource and the level of dependence on media owner as media resource is %61 to%70. Key Words: Media Economics, Media Organization, Financing Resource, Kurdistan Region.

Enhancing social, behavioral and economic science research and capacity at MSIs (NSF)

Enhancing social, behavioral and economic science research and capacity at MSIs (NSF)

Influential Determinants of Innovation: Case Study of Latvia and Germany

Innovation is often recognized as a vital source of competitive advantage for business. Taking into account the conditions of increasing globalization at a high level of intensity as well as a rapidly changing technological landscape and also continuous customer demands for new products and services on the modern market, it is needed to assume that businesses have to innovate in order to survive and prosper in the contemporary environment. In the context of the paper at hand the main attention is given to the analysis of the theoretical and empirical aspects of the concept of innovation. There were applied such economic science research methods as monographic, grouping, reference, generalization, graphical analysis and content analysis.

Potential and desired consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic for research in economic sciences

1. Al-Rodhan N. R. F., Stoudmann G. (2006), Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition, Geneva: Geneva Center for Security Policy. Google Scholar

The 7th international conference “Economic scientific research – theoretical, empirical and practical approaches”, Espera 2020, 26-27th of November 2020

The International Conference ESPERA (“Economic Scientific Research – Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches”) is organized by “Costin C. Kirițescu” National Institute for Economic Research in partnership with the National Bank of Romania and the Center for Economic Information and Documentation, yearly since 2013. On the 26th and 27th of November 2020 in Bucharest, the Romanian Academy hosted the 7th edition of the ESPERA international conference, which took place under the title “30 Years of Inspiring Academic Economic Research – From the Transition to Market Economy to the Interlinked Crises of 21 Century”. This year, the Proceedings of the conferences ESPERA are published by EBSCO, in view of the evaluation and inclusion in Conference Proceedings Citation Index by Clarivate, Web of Science.

FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ECONOMY

The current situation of the country requires a fundamental scientific approach to solving many economic problems. The implementation of scientific research will find ways out of the crisis, identify promising areas of economic development and its entry into a civilized market environment, assess the possibilities of using foreign experience of economic development to solve the problems of Ukraine’s economy. Differences in the classification of sciences determine the specific direction of scientific research. The peculiarity of economic research is that they are complex, i.e. they study social processes in different areas and with different tools. Peculiarities of economic scientific research are also connected with the peculiarities of economic processes themselves, which are the object of scientific research in economics. In economics, the coexistence of contradictory and even mutually exclusive theories is possible. Economic research and results that have long been considered indisputable can be adjusted, supplemented and even refuted over time. Economics, associated with the description of society, is constantly changing views and theoretical approaches to the analysis of social processes. Therefore, the same economic phenomenon, object or process can be described by several theories, and all of them will be new and original. Despite their specific features, economic research has its own subject area, which differs from other areas of scientific knowledge. This area is most clearly defined in the passports of the relevant scientific specialties. The content of a particular economic specialty has a clear distinction with other specialties, which allows to differentiate the research itself. The key to assigning a specific study to a particular specialty is the field of research. A key mistake in understanding the role of economics in solving problems is to give science itself a natural form, i.e. the belief that the presence of complex theoretical constructions (especially in the form of mathematical models) allows them to be effectively implemented in practice. An important result of scientific research in the economy is participation in projects and implementation of scientific developments in the real sector of the economy.

Albania as an object and a context of research in economic sciences: bibliometric analysis

Motivation: In recent years Albania has been an object of amassing research in many subject areas, including those related to economic sciences. Nevertheless, this growing scientific output has not been mapped from the bibliometric perspective. Thus, filling the identified gap in the body of knowledge is motivation for this study.Aim: The aim of the paper is to map the conceptual structure of research output in economic sciences with the focus on Albania as an object or a context of scientific inquiry in order to identify and explore leading and emerging topics. The study is oriented to answering the following research questions: (1) What are the leading topics/streams of scientific inquiry in the field? (2) What are the most up-to-date (emerging) topics/streams in the field?Results: Analysing co-occurrence of high-frequency keywords of Scopus-indexed publications including phrase ‘Albania’ in their titles, keywords and abstracts leads to identification of seven thematic clusters within the research field: (1) Albania as a transition economy, (2) economic aspects of migration, (3) Western Balkans studies, (4) education and innovation, (5) regional case and comparative studies, (6) economic growth and development, and (7) democratic transition and European integration. Moreover, the analysis reveals the following up-to-date topics attracting recently increasing attention of the academia: European integration, cointegration, consumer preferences, monetary policy, Western Balkans, higher education, performance, developing countries.

جامعة بغداد - جامعة مستنصرية / كلية الادارة والاقتصاد/قسم الاقتصاد

Abstract This research comes to alert to the importance of the role of higher education institutions and economic scientific research, as these institutions are the main source in the formation of human capital in addition to the technological development of the means of production operating in economic activity, and then the possibility of investing these institutions to achieve diversity in the economic activity which is the gateway to move towards achieving economic development and leaving the backward rentier pattern of the Iraqi economy. The research deals with the period after the year of the political change in 2003 and from the perspective of strategic analysis of the internal and external environment of the higher education sector, which showed that there is a remarkable development in the numbers of universities, colleges and scientific departments, whether governmental or private, which were developed during this period and the levels of development in the quality of the educational service provided by these institutions is weak. On the other hand, the external circumstances and factors that include what has an influential relationship on the economic role of education were not conducive to opening the way for an effective role for education, but rather hindered it. Accordingly, it is necessary to address weaknesses in the performance of higher education institutions by investing in the available opportunities from global openness and the return of Iraq's relations with the outside world, and then strengthening cooperation ties with international institutions specialized in aspects of developing higher education as well as the possibility of benefiting from the experiences of sober universities globally, as the information revolution can be invested And the contacts that the world is witnessing to keep pace with the developments in science and knowledge

FORMALIZATION OF SELFSELECTION OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE MODE

Nowadays, global economic governance is on the edge of economic scientific research. The fastening economic globalization with its drawbacks and unprecedent possible gains alongside with toughening competition on markets of sources and finished products, deepening global problems represent a real challenge for decision-makers across the World. Activities of supranational organizations are complemented and sometimes substituted by actions of other global actors which role is constantly increasing and strengthened. Thus, previous forms of global economic governance do not fit the modern system of governance itself well.
 Various foreign and Ukrainian scientists attempted to assess, analyze and explain global economic governance phenomena and its modes, amon them are: D. Lukjanenko, D. W. Drezner, M. Filipovich, S. Bancic, M. Kahler and D. A. Lake et al. Despite existing literature, there are no researches which are aimed to the development of model which allows formalizing self-selection of GEG mode.
 The goal of the paper was to develop the formalized model of self-selection of global economic governance mode and to trace out which factors drive the switches between modes. The paper proceeds with the respective analysis of four mostly widespread modes of GEG: supranational, hierarchic, network and hybrid, and the derivation of specific probit function which explains dependence on GEG mode on a specific set of dummy variables.
 Thus, the paper is the first attempt to formalize the self-selection of modes of global economic governance. Using methods of economic analysis, it suggests the specific functional form of dependence of four specific GEG modes (supranational, hybrid, network, hierarchic) on the set of dependent variables, among them are: leadership in specific sphere, divergence from the generally agreed policy, absence of effective national institutions and etc. The paper could be developed further by elaborating on the set of indicators which could be used to proxy the suggested dependent variables. This will represent the finished methodology of GEG modes self-selection and could be used further for scientific and practical needs, e.g. in forecasting changes of GEG modes.

Prémisses pour la modification de certains concepts économiques causées par la pandémie de COVID-19

Les auteurs de l'article3 proposent une thèse sur la nécessité de modifier la façon dont les sciences économiques (SE) sont pratiquées sous les aspects ontologiques, épisté- mologiques et méthodologiques. Ce besoin résulte de l'influence d'une série de facteurs apparus même dans la période pré-pandémique, pour lesquels la COVID-19 peut être une circonstance complémentaire, renforçant, voire déterminant directement le changement. La structure de l'article est subordonnée à l'objectif adopté qui représente la référence des auteurs à la thèse. Afin d'illustrer les domaines nécessitant des changements, on a sélec- tionné huit problèmes pour lesquels des postulats ont été présentés. Ces postulats constituent les changements souhaités dans la conduite de la recherche en SE. La principale méthode utilisée dans l'étude est la méthode d'analyse critique de la littérature.

The 6th International Conference “Economic Scientific Research – Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches”, ESPERA 2019, 10-11th of October 2019

The International Conferences ESPERA (“Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches”) are organized usually each year by “Costin C. Kirițescu” National Institute for Economic Research, in partnership with the National Bank of Romania and the Center for Economic Information and Documentation. In the last time the Proceedings of the conferences ESPERA are published by Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group. In the present review are precised details about ESPERA-2019 International Conference which took place under the title “Harnessing tangible and intangible assets in the context of European integration and globalization – Challenges ahead”.

JOB INSECURITY – CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE NOTION AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

Increasing globalization and transformation of the modern labour market have changed the traditional employment model, introducing insecurity associated with taking up and maintaining work. Job insecurity, understood as a “perceived threat of job loss and concerns related to this threat” is an unavoidable and widespread phenomenon in today’s professional world. Job insecurity has been of great interest to researchers since the 1980s. Job insecurity is one of the emerging research directions in economic theory. The aim of the article is to try and provide an interdisciplinary conceptualization of job insecurity. The article presents different ways of understanding job insecurity and discusses the methods of its measurement. A systematic review of world literature was conducted to identify and assess the current state of knowledge in this area. The analysis of scholarly publications on job insecurity confirms the existence of a relatively small number of scientific and research studies in this field in Poland. Therefore, a cognitive gap is identified which invites a more indepth investigation of job uncertainty, in particular its integrated review and conceptual framework as well as designing the relevant measurement tool. The article is analytical and conceptual, and can be a contribution to the discussion on job insecurity and a starting point for empirical research in economic sciences.

Badania jakościowe w naukach ekonomicznych – przydatność i wyzwania. Przykład badania współpracy małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w regionie turystycznym

Badania jakościowe w naukach ekonomicznych – przydatność i wyzwania. Przykład badania współpracy małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w regionie turystycznym

INFLUENTIAL DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION: CASE STUDY OF LATVIA AND GERMANY

Innovation is often recognized as a vital source of competitive advantage for business. Taking into account the conditions of increasingglobalization at a high level of intensity as well as a rapidly changing technological landscape and also continuous customerdemands for new products and services on the modern market, it is needed to assume that businesses have to innovate in order tosurvive and prosper in the contemporary environment. In the context of the paper at hand the main attention is given to the analysisof the theoretical and empirical aspects of the concept of innovation. There were applied such economic science research methods asmonographic, grouping, reference, generalization, graphical analysis and content analysis.KEY WORDS: innovation, growth, Germany, Latvia, competitiveness, enterprise.

The role of behavioural research in management accounting

The changes that are currently taking place in economic sciences cannot remain without effect on accounting. The purpose of this article is to present the role of behavioural accounting research in management accounting as a vital trend which has been developing in response to the shifting fundaments at the base of economics. The proposed aim has been achieved applying critical analysis of domestic and international literature in the field of economic sciences, including accounting and behavioural science. At the beginning, the text shows the origin of behavioural research in economic sciences. Then, the essence of behavioural research in accounting is highlighted, as a vital, prospective trend in accounting research. Finally, emphasis is placed on the role of behavioural research in management accounting, with particular attention given to the pillars of the contemporary studies.

The Connection between Efficiency and Sustainability – A Theoretical Approach

The present paper is the result of the approach and research from a common perspective of two issues regarding economic development, with different time lengths: economic sustainability – one of the newest and most modern theories related to the meaning and context of economic development and economic efficiency – an old theory which has been the focus of many generations of specialists. This simultaneous, common approach claiming to reunite various ideas aims to identify a way of putting together the different purposes of the modern economic world, characterized by numerous fluctuations and a spectacular evolution in order to be sustainable and efficient. The study of the literature has fostered one of the solutions of harmoniously combining efficiency and sustainability: the orientation towards eco-efficiency. This solution, tackled in the present paper, is based on two of the newest theories of economic scientific research, although little known and dealt with in the national economic research area: the theory of Factor 4 and the theory of Factor 10, both approaching the sustainable development under the conditions of meeting economic efficiency.The main goal of the paper is to identify and analyse the main benchmarks allowing the clarification of the relation between the concepts of sustainability and efficiency, given that there are some difficulties when attempting to apply the obvious theories about sustainability into practical activities. Thus, the conclusions will show that it is necessary to identify and accept the rules of setting the sustainability condition of an economy, so that the eco-efficiency concept might be approached in a pragmatic manner.

Rozwój polskiej myśli statystycznej w naukach ekonomicznych

The paper presents main scientific achievements of Polish statisticians conducting research in economic sciences. Two periods are distinguished: before and after 1945. Analysis for the second period is conducted in the framework of classification into several research areas.

A Guide to Sources for Research in Economic Sciences

The paper presents an overview of the several sources used by researchers in economics and related fields. It shows the features and advantages of these sources, the characteristics than in this discipline have books, articles and journals, as well as how they are ranked and how impact measurements are performed. The paper also presents the sources for primary data of common use in economic research, with stress on the Hispanic American practice.