Economic Review Research Articles

Technical and Economic Review of Biogas Utilization from Traditional Market Organic Waste

This research is a continuation of previous research, namely the Study of the Potential of Gorontalo City Central Market Organic Waste as Raw Material for Biogas Reactors which was completed in 2023 and has produced characteristics of organic waste generation at the Central Market of Gorontalo City. As a continuation of previous research, this research will try to design a Biogas Reactor by utilizing organic waste at the Central Market of Gorontalo City as a traditional market which produces waste every day and is a problem for the city government. The materials used in writing this article are based on the results of research carried out by the author in 2023 from other selected articles related to the use of organic waste as an energy source through the fermentation process in a biogas reactor (digester). From the technical aspect, the research has succeeded in designing a fixed dome type biogas reactor, reactor volume 15.3 m3 with reinforced concrete construction complete with a cost budget and detailed drawings for its construction. Meanwhile, from an economic aspect, an economic analysis has been carried out and it can be concluded that investment with initial capital of Rp. 78,793,000, economically feasible as indicated by the parameters NPV > 0, IRR (22.22%) > MARR (10.07%), B/C Ratio 2.0 times, and Payment Period 12 years 0 months.

“It's Self‐Determination. Blackfullas Making Right Decisions for Blackfullas”: Why Indigenous‐owned businesses create better Indigenous employment outcomes

AbstractPrevious research demonstrates that businesses that are Indigenous‐owned are far more likely to employ Indigenous people than non‐Indigenous‐owned businesses (Hunter, 2015). The majority of the literature on Indigenous employment uses a deficit discourse, describing factors that prevent or exclude Indigenous people from non‐Indigenous‐owned organisations. There is markedly less literature using a strength‐based approach, detailing how Indigenous‐owned businesses create workplaces without barriers to Indigenous employment. Through 32 semistructured interviews with Indigenous business owners, managers, and Indigenous employees of Indigenous‐owned businesses, this paper provides insights into how participants' businesses create workplaces that are more supportive of, and conducive to, Indigenous employment. This paper finds that Indigenous approaches to governance inform an organisational level of cultural competence, which creates tailored and specific practices that support better Indigenous employment outcomes. This resonates with the concept of Indigenous ways of “knowing, being, and doing,” and how this framework encompasses participants' approaches to business operations. In the light of increasing public and private policy commitments to improve Indigenous employment outcomes, it is imperative that the Indigenous business sector's best practice inform said policies, given its successes. However, inherent in these findings are broader discussions into more systemic and societal issues that go beyond workplace policy.

Editorial Introduction

This issue of Economics and Business Review answers the new set of challenges that the economic world faces nowadays. These problems arise both at the micro-and macroeconomic level. The authors of eleven papers have enriched the existing literature by sharing the results of their studies in three areas. First, the key elements of company growth and value are studied. The variety of development paths of entrepreneurship makes this area especially complex considering the sudden changes in the business environment over the last years. The second group of articles deals with quite new factors that give rise to new threats which are appearing but which also create enormous opportunities for economic decision makers. These are environmental issues, new technologies, integration between countries and social capital. The third research set addresses the current dilemmas of public authorities. The papers support answers to the questions about food security, local public debt, sustainability of public debt and the consequences of economic integration.

The Well-Being of Cities: Estimating Migration Attractiveness From Internal Migration Across Korean Cities

ABSTRACT We adopt the methodology proposed by Lee, Lee and Lin [2021. “The Well-Being of Nations: Estimating Welfare from International Migration.” International Economic Review 62:1111-1130] to estimate the migration attractiveness of Korean cities using internal migration data. Our approach has two advantages over traditional methods. First, it is cost-effective as it uses pre-existing administrative data, unlike surveys. Second, It also gives a more comprehensive view of city's viability by accounting for migration costs and patterns. Our findings confirm the ongoing regional imbalance and indicate that some rural areas' migration attractiveness are lower than what their population growth suggests.

Analisis Harga Dalam Praktik Pembulatan Harga Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam

Analisis Harga Dalam Praktik Pembulatan Harga Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PELANGGARAN TERHADAP DANA NASABAH DI PASAR MODAL

This research aims to analyze the form of legal protection for customers who suffer losses due to fraudulent funds in the capital market, the role and efforts of the Financial Services Authority in protecting customers in the capital market, and how Sharia economic law reviews in resolving disputes in the capital market.This type of research is normative legal research through a juridical approach which is carried out by examining various legal rules such as in Laws and Regulations No. 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Markets in Chapter X I concerning fraud, market manipulation and insider trading, as well as cases related to the capital market, namely the case of PT Sarijaya Permana Sekuritas. Related to dispute resolution in Islamic law explained in the Al-Quran surah Saad verse 26 Data collection techniques using Library Research techniques (literature study), namely a data collection technique that collects legal materials obtained from various sources such as books, journals, and online written media related to the object of discussion. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis technique, namely analyzing data by collecting data, presenting data and drawing conclusions, then the data is arranged in descriptive form by describing the data that has been obtained in the form of logical sentence descriptions, then interpreted and given conclusions.The results of this study indicate that: First, legal protection of customers who suffer losses due to violations committed by securities companies can apply the return of unauthorized profits by the OJK to the Securities Company to provide loss compensation funds to customers. Second, based on Law Number 21 of 2011 OJK has a role in forming regulations for improvements in the field of capital markets including protecting customers as consumers. Third, dispute resolution in Islam can be through peace mechanisms (such), arbitration (tahkim), and courts (Al- qada).

An economic review of conservation tillage practices: select case studies from the eastern Prairies of Canada

This study reviewed the literature on soil conservation practices and analyzed four case studies in different soil zones and diverse cropping systems of Manitoba (MB), western Canada, to show the potential impacts of no-till/reduced tillage practices on field crop economic performance. Primary and secondary data, such as tillage type, input cost, crop price, crop yield, and net revenue (NR), were used to assess the tillage practices in each of the case studies. Based on crop economic analysis, over 9 years (1998–2006) in southern Manitoba, cereal-based (spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L .)) cropping systems were more profitable under conservation tillage than conventional tillage practices, whereas the opposite was true for oilseed crops (e.g., canola, Brassica napus L.). In plot-scale studies at Portage, MB, low intensity tillage increased NR for soybean ( Glycine max L.) in 1 of 3 years when compared to high intensity tillage, and there appeared to be lower NRs for canola as tillage intensity increased. However, in studies near Brandon, MB, NRs for a 4-year wheat-pea ( Pisum sativum L .) rotation were lower in low disturbance seeding than high disturbance seeding systems for a clay loam soil but similar for a loam soil. While no single tillage system was found to consistently provide the highest NR based on these case studies, these findings provide insights into some of the factors behind decisions surrounding tillage management and the rationale for the continued use of a combination of conventional, reduced, and zero-till systems in the eastern Prairies of Canada.

Reassessing growth vulnerability

SummaryThis paper replicates the results of Adrian et al. (American Economic Review, 2019) that GDP growth volatility is mainly driven by the lower quantiles of the distribution which is predicted by the financial condition. It extends their study by estimating the model with the IVX‐QR estimator of Lee (Journal of Econometrics, 2016) and double weighted estimator of Cai et al. (Journal of Econometrics, 2022) considering that the financial condition index is highly serially correlated. Both models are estimated with the smoothed estimating equation approach of Kaplan and Sun (Econometric Theory, 2017). The results show that the findings of Adrian et al. (American Economic Review, 2019) are robust to possible bias due to the existence of persistent predictors. The out‐of‐sample forecasting exercises suggest that methods that are robust to the existence of persistent predictors can improve forecasting performance at the lower quantiles of the GDP growth distribution.

Sistem Pengupahan Petani Kelapa Sawit Didusun Durian Takar Kecamatan Kemuning : Suatu Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam

This study aims to determine the wage system for oil palm farmers in Dusun Durian Takar, Kemuning District: an Islamic economic review, and how Islamic economic values ​​are applied in the wage system for oil palm farmers in Dusun Durian Takar Kemuning district. This study used a qualitative research type, the subjects of this study were the owners of the plantations and oil palm farmers, while the object was the wage system for oil palm farmers in Durian Takar village, Kemuning sub-district in an Islamic economic review. The sampling technique was obtained through data sources with consideration (certain criteria) based on a sample data source totaling 14 oil palm farmers, the data collection techniques in this study were interviews and documentation, and the analysis techniques used interactive analysis, namely, data reduction, data presentation , and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the wage system for oil palm farmers in the Durian Takar hamlet, Kemuning sub-district: an Islamic economic review, because the garden owners discuss in advance the amount of wages to be given so that the farmers can find out the wages given for each type of work in the management of oil palm plantations, and the garden owner discussed the procedure for payment, the garden owner did not delay payment of wages, wages were given directly to workers after the work was completed.

White bagging, brown bagging and site of service policies: best practices in addressing provider markup in the commercial insurance market.

New Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) analysis evaluates potential risks and advantages of reforms to current policies related to white bagging, brown bagging, and site of service policies that aim to address provider markup in the commercial insurance market.

Review of Economics and Statistics 2023 Annual Report

<i>Review of Economics and Statistics</i> 2023 Annual Report

Analisis Mekanisme Penetapan Harga Jual Dalam Perspektif Prinsip-Prinsip Ekonomi Syariah (Di Toko Berkah Jl. Depati Parbo Jambi)

Price fixing is a price fixation that has been determined by the party entitled to determine the price. In setting the price, an item must be agreed upon and generally applicable. However, there are still buying and selling that contain elements of injustice between one buyer and another. There are several things that motivate the author to conduct research on the selling price setting process at the Berkah shop because it is classified as unique, to find out whether the price setting at the Berkah shop is in accordance with the perspective of the Sharia Economy. The results of the study show that the Islamic economic review in pricing at the Berkah Shop is in accordance with Islamic law, the price set is still relatively fair. With this price setting, it can meet the needs of the community, meet the needs of households, and meet the needs of the community, especially those on Jl. Depati Parbo Jambi city in the long term. Pricing at Toko Berkah can also create a sense of mutual assistance, because pricing at Toko Berkah includes an element of mutual help.

The evolution of payer management of oncology drugs in the United States between 2017 and 2022.

BACKGROUND: Research conducted in 2017 by Runyan et al concerning the current and future management of oncology drugs in the United States formed the basis for this research. The authors concluded that despite the high cost of oncology drugs, US payers relied on traditional management tools to manage the category, although these tools were ineffective at controlling costs. Innovative tools were not common in 2017. OBJECTIVE: To compare findings from the 2017 research with findings from a 2022 payer survey to understand how payer management of oncology drugs changed over 5 years. The study evaluates changing trends in oncology drug management. METHODS: The survey that informed the publication by Runyan et al in 2017 was reviewed, updated, and completed by 21 pharmacy and medical directors across 18 organizations representing 121.9 million covered lives. Both surveys included questions about management tools being employed in oncology and challenges to managing oncology. They used case studies in non-small cell lung cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These disease areas were chosen again in 2022 because they were included in the 2017 survey and because of the increase in competition in both categories from 2017 to 2022. The payer sample was designed to match the 2017 sample. The research was fielded from March to May 2022. The results were analyzed in Microsoft Excel; basic statistical analysis was conducted. Payers' responses for each question were weighted by the number of reported covered lives at their organization so that the organization's site was represented. RESULTS: On average, payers rated the management priority of oncology as a 5.3 and the budget impact as a 6.3 on a scale of 1 to 7, where 1 was low and 7 was high. Traditional tools remain dominant in this therapeutic area. However, there has been an increase in use of innovative tools. Pathways of care are trending upward since the initial survey in 2017. The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) also influences payers' decision-making in oncology more than it did 5 years ago. Despite these shifts, most payers allow for unrestricted access of targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in line with each drug's US Food and Drug Administration-approved label. CONCLUSIONS: The increased use of pathways of care, shifting financial risk to providers, and the influence of ICER should continue to be monitored. Future research should focus on the role of pathways of care, comprehensive, evidence-based treatment protocols, in influencing prescribing decisions of hematologists and oncologists. DISCLOSURES: The authors work for Envision Pharma Group (formerly Two Labs), a company that provides consulting services to the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. As such, clients in these industries pay Envision Pharma Group for their services. This study was funded independently by Envision Pharma Group.

The effectiveness and value of lecanemab for early Alzheimer disease: A summary from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review's California Technology Assessment Forum.

The effectiveness and value of lecanemab for early Alzheimer disease: A summary from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review's California Technology Assessment Forum.

Digital Transformation in Health Care and Its Marketing Dimension

Abstract Purpose To present issues treating digital transformation in the health sector and highlight the marketing dimension of this process. Design/Methodology The article is a literature review of digital transformation, healthcare, management, marketing and health economics. The analysis was carried out using professional, scientific databases based on the desk research method. The study consists of the following parts: introduction; methodology of the study; issues concerning the process of digital transformation, ; digitisation of the health sector in the context of data security and benefits for stakeholders; practical aspects of implementing digital technologies in health care; generations X and Y-in the process of digitisation of health care in the marketing dimension; limitations of the study; conclusions and practical implications. Findings The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the digitisation of medical services, translating into the rapid development of various e-health platforms and tools. The latest techno-technological solutions for mobile health help in daily patient care and support prevention and preventive health care. The marketing transformation process parallels the digital transformation process in health care. . The availability of digital health tools would not be possible without marketing. Limitations Limitations of the study were identified that may have affected the overall picture of considerations. First, only articles indexed in selected databases were used: Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Taylor and Francis Online and ScienceDirect. Second, the literature search used a specific combination of words using Boolean operators. Originality/value The treatment of issues treating the digital transformation of the health sector and its marketing dimension is based on the latest literature on the subject, enriching the existing body of scholarly work on the health and marketing industry.

Call for Themed Collections for The Economic and Labour Relations Review

Call for Themed Collections for The Economic and Labour Relations Review

Synth2: Synthetic control method with placebo tests, robustness test, and visualization

The synthetic control method (Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003, American Economic Review 93: 113–132, Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller, 2010, Journal of the American Statistical Association 105: 493–505) is a popular method for causal inference in panel data with one treated unit that often uses placebo tests for statistical inference. While the synthetic control method can be implemented by the excellent command synth (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller, 2011, Statistical Software Components S457334, Department of Economics, Boston College), it is still inconvenient for users to conduct placebo tests. As a wrapper program for synth, our proposed synth2 command provides convenient utilities to automate both in-space and in-time placebo tests, as well as the leave-one-out robustness test. Moreover, synth2 produces a complete set of graphs to visualize covariate or unit weights, covariate balance, actual or predicted outcomes, treatment effects, placebo tests, ratio of posttreatment mean squared prediction error to pretreatment mean squared prediction error, pointwise p-values (two-sided, right-sided, and left-sided), and the leave-one-out robustness test. We illustrate the use of the synth2 command by revisiting the classic example of California’s tobacco control program (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller 2010).

PO6_09. Angiogenic biomarkers in pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia: a health economics review

PO6_09. Angiogenic biomarkers in pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia: a health economics review

Strategic Analysis of the Renewable Electricity Transition: Power to the World without Carbon Emissions?

This paper explores the role of electricity in the transition to renewable energy to mitigate climate change. A systematic literature review with the Scopus database identified 92 papers relevant to the renewable electricity transition. A PESTLE (Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) review of the papers provided a multidisciplinary analysis. The Paris Agreement created a global movement for carbon neutrality to address the threats of climate change, calling for a transition to renewable electricity to lead the way and expand into new sectors and regions. Although smaller renewable technologies are ramping up, complexities thwarting the transition include locked-in assets, high upfront costs, variability of solar and wind energy, infrastructure, difficulty in decarbonizing transportation and industry, material resource constraints, and fossil fuel support. This research found that renewables are not replacing fossil fuels to date but adding further energy demands, so that greenhouse gas emissions rose in 2021 despite an increased renewable electricity share. Without a major shift in the trillions of dollars of subsidies and investment away from fossil fuels to renewables, catastrophic climate change is predicted. This paper found that the Paris Agreement’s commitment to net-zero carbon and the transition to renewable electricity are undermined by record-high levels of subsidies and financing for fossil fuel industry expansion. Transitioning to a climate-neutral economy requires an investment away from fossil fuels into renewable energy ecosystems. Renewable electricity provides possibilities to realize sustainable development goals, climate stabilization, job creation, a green economy, and energy security with careful planning.

The Federal Reserve's output gap: The unreliability of real‐time reliability tests

SummaryOutput gap revisions can be large even after many years. Real‐time reliability tests might therefore be sensitive to the choice of the final output gap vintage that the real‐time estimates are compared to. This is the case for the Federal Reserve's output gap. When accounting for revisions in response to the global financial crisis in the final output gap, the improvement in real‐time reliability since the mid‐1990s is much smaller than found by Edge and Rudd (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016, 98(4), 785–791). The negative bias of real‐time estimates from the 1980s has disappeared, but the size of revisions continues to be as large as the output gap itself. We systematically analyse how the real‐time reliability assessment is affected through varying the final output gap vintage. We find that the largest changes are caused by output gap revisions after recessions. Economists revise their models in response to such events, leading to economically important revisions for not only the most recent years but also reaching back up to two decades. This might improve the understanding of past business cycle dynamics but decreases the reliability of real‐time output gaps ex post.