Economic Reform In Russia Research Articles

The structure of a private methodology for detecting and disclosing bribery in the field of education

The article presents the general theoretical foundations and approaches to the sections of methodology and tactics. The authors established their similarities and differences. Elements of a private methodology for identifying and disclosing bribery in the field of education have been developed. It is claimed that in general, the society restructuring is inevitably associated with reforms in the field of education. Bribery complicates significantly the promotion of social and economic reforms in Russia, becomes an obstacle to the formation of a new democratic society. New ways of committing these crimes are emerging, that have not yet been investigated, therefore it is difficult to identify and disclose them. The practice of combating this negative phenomenon in the field of education gives reason to believe that people who have committed bribery repeatedly are detained on suspicion of this crime. However, in the process of investigating criminal cases, they are charged, as a rule, with only an episode of criminal activity, which is documented during arrest in flagrante delicto. This indicates the need to improve, first of all, a private methodology for detecting and disclosing bribery.

Russian Reformers of the 1990s. (Biographical Research Experience)

In recent history, the triumph of the philosophical law on the increase of the subjective factor in social development is becoming particularly evident. In these conditions, psychology is becoming more and more in demand. The article examines the psychological mechanisms of appointment by the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin of the head of the economic department of the newspaper “Pravda” E. Gaidar to lead the implementation of economic reforms in Russia. A psychological portrait of Gaidar and his associates is presented on the basis of the biographical method with the involvement of a wide source and factual materials. It is shown that the results of the Russian economic reforms carried out in the 1990s are a consequence of the human qualities of reformers — professional competence, value orientations and attitudes.

Ценностные основания стратегии экономического развития России

The blurring of the boundaries between the “right” (neoliberal) and “left” ideology in the countries of the “collective West” has led to the fact that the left movement, which traditionally defended the interests of the exploited, ceases to be an expression of these interests. Under the influence of neoliberal ideas, the mainstream of left-liberal discourse consists of issues of identity, the fight against racism, sexism and homophobia. Since Russian economic reforms have been based on neoliberal ideas for quite a long time, the crisis of neoliberalism recognized abroad actualizes the search for new foundations for Russia’s economic development strategy. The article proves that traditional Russian spiritual and moral values should become such a foundation, and the leading imperative is the socialization of the economy. The principle of social solidarity (solidarism) enshrined in the Constitution of Russia is consistent with the basic Russian traditional spiritual and moral values: the priority of the spiritual over the material, collectivism, humanism, justice, unity of the peoples of Russia, historical memory and the continuity of generations. Accordingly, the ideology of socio-economic development of the country should be based on them. The specifics of the “new” Russian NEP (new economic policy) are described.

30 Years of Economic Reforms in Russia (reflections on the origins and results)

30 Years of Economic Reforms in Russia (reflections on the origins and results)

The New Economic Policy from the National Economy Perspective: Petr Pavlovich Maslov, Irkutsk — Chita, 1920–1922

The article is dedicated to the little-known “Siberian” period of Petr Pavlovich Maslov's (1867–1946) work. He was soon to become a Soviet academician-economist, and in the first post-revolutionary years he was an opponent of the Bolsheviks. Believing that a sound economic policy was impossible without the support of economics, he saw no prospect of developing such a policy in the political economy of the class struggle, which was based on a private-economic (as well as state-economic) perspective on economic phenomena and processes. The scientist contrasted political economy with “the science of the national economy” as the economics of development, with the national-economic point of view underlying it. It was from the standpoint of national-economic development goals and methods of accumulation that the scientist assessed the economic policy of the Soviet Power, be it War Communism or the New Economic Policy. This paper is based on the author's report at the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Russian Economic Reforms in the Regional Dimension” (Novosibirsk, September 2021) commemorating the 100th anniversary of the New Economic Policy.

The Fight for Economic Reform in Russia, 1990–1991

This article researches not a big, but an important period in the modern history of Russia, which became a transitional stage from a socialist to a market economy. It analyzes the main characteristics of the country’s economy and the circumstances of the transition to the market. The leading role in transforming the economic and political system belonged to the Congress of People’s Deputies of Russia. The “economic” sovereignty of the republic has become the core of Russia’s state sovereignty. The implementation of the declaration required changes in legislation and the management system. Freedom of entrepreneurship, banking, loans, and other innovations have set the task of creating clear and reliable forms of property rights and corresponding guarantees of the state. Normative legal acts of the Congress of People’s Deputies of the RSFSR and the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted to establish Russia’s economic independence and the transition to market relations caused a “war” of laws, in which the presidents of the USSR and Russia, Union and Russian deputies, ministers and regional leaders participated.

Государственный патернализм и теория ноономики

The article is dedicated to the problem of state management of the economy based on scientific knowledge. Special attention is paid to the new economic theory - noonomy, its role and significance at the current level of societal development. A comparative analysis is carried out on the scientific concept of “liberalism”, as well as the role and significance of the liberal approach at different stages of capitalism development. The article assesses the impact of this approach in terms of the implementation of economic reforms in Russia in the 1990s. The author expresses regret about the popularity of the theory of Western liberal economists in the Russian scientific community, criticizes the commitment of some scientists to spontaneous economic development while emphasizing the special significance of scientific knowledge. It is noted that at present in developed Western countries there is a transition to a “knowledge society”, market mechanisms are losing their significance, the provisions of a new socio-economic science are being developed based on the augmentation of social utility of the results of activities, in particular time saving. Special attention is paid to the development of a tool system for managing society and the economy, with an emphasis on aspects of national economic planning. The benefits of planning methods in solving problems of both increasing economic efficiency and achieving social justice are given on the example of the analysis of Soviet planning experience. The author comes to the conclusion that spontaneous economic development will be replaced by a scientifically based knowledge-intensive approach as Western economic theory based on the liberal concept is becoming obsolete and is losing its significance. National economic planning is at the forefront, as it is an important tool of noonomy, which will allow combining market principles and planned regulation.

The New Economic Policy: Dimensions of the Study

In September 2021 Novosibirsk hosted The All-Russian Scientific Conference «Russian Economic Reforms in Regional Terms», which was organized with financial support from the fund «Istoria Otechestva» («History of Motherland»). The conference resulted in setting the objective to study the stages of economic reforms, which took place in the territory of Russia and its regions in the late 19th and early 20th century. Another task of the conference was to observe the general and specific influence of spatial factor on the intensions, implementations and results of the reforms. Researchers from different Russian cities presented their findings on agrarian colonization and development of the regions, economic policy and reforming strategies, as well as on changes in the economic governance systems. Since the conference was dedicated to the 100-th anniversary of the NEP, it paid special attention to scientific understanding of general patterns and specific features of the NEP implementation. The review provides information on the main reports and papers, related to the NEP topic. It also presented a summary of the debates, which took place at the round table «The NEP: Results and Research Perspectives».

Modern state of the production organization of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation

The paper presents the analysis of existing technologies, technological processes and technological equipment, as well as the state of the organization of production of beef breeding in Russia. The adoption of the program “Development of beef breeding in Russia” allowed significant expansion of the production of beef by raising specialized beef cattle not only for the southern and southeastern regions of our country, but also in the rest of Russia. Nowadays, the geography of beef breeding has expanded significantly: it is being actively implemented in six of the eight federal districts. Thus in 2018, 74 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were selected for priority support of livestock breeding. The authors note that the successful economic development of the industry is primarily determined by the engineering and technical level and the technical and economic base of agricultural production, as well as the power availability and the degree of mechanization of production processes in general. However, during the period of economic reforms in Russia, there was a sharp drop in the level of comprehensive mechanization of beef farms. Thus, today the provision of machinery and equipment in this industry does not exceed 65% of the standards. It is necessary to note that the problem with special-purpose machinery and equipment for industrial technologies of fattening beef is one of the reasons for the technical and technological backwardness of this industry. During the design, construction and operation of feeding enterprises, it is obligatory to carry out a technical and economic analysis of various options for industrial feeding of livestock, since modern realities require producers to solve many important issues, such as qualitative definition of territories for the production of beef cattle in the Russian Federation.

Economic reforms in Russia: A new French look<i> (On the book by J. Vercueil “L’Economie politique de la Russie: 1918—2018”)</i>

The Russian economy and its modern transformations are of great interest to French researchers. The economic history of Russia has become the subject of analysis of the book by J. Vercueil “Political economy of Russia: 1918—2018”. In it, from the standpoint of modern French regulationism (a type of institutionalism ), questions of economic reforms in Russia and their evolution over the past 30 years are considered. The article analyzes three basic concepts of the French author, defining the modern Russian economic system: (1) “Russian disease” as a kind of Dutch disease; (2) rental mode of accumulation; (3) the “Gazprom” way of regulating the economy. In addition, the originality of the use of the term “political economy” is considered with reference to a specific country; Vercueil’s interpretation of the theory of “economics of shortage” by J. Kornai; the mechanism for resolving the problem of arrears in a transition economy, as well as the issues of classification and periodization of economic reforms, their pace and content. The role and place of economic advisers and the IMF in the course of Gaidar reforms are discussed. The article gives a critical analysis of the propositions and hypotheses put forward by the author.

“Concept 2020” and the Lessons of the Crisis Development

“The Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020”, adopted in 2008 (hereinafter - the Concept), reasonably can be considered as one of the most significant - since the beginning of economic reforms in Russia – attempt to form an idea of the long-term prospects for socio-economic development of the country, as well as the necessary steps to ensure the stability of this development. The document is characterized by a systematic vision of the actual and perspective trends in the economic and social development of the country; the desire to use a scenario approach in setting the goals of the Concept; the intention to provide the formulated priorities with the necessary economic resources, institutional and legal innovations. Among these items of fundamental importance is the policy of developing economic and legal mechanism of federal relations and priorities’ setting for the state policy of regional development. After the Concept was adopted (this document is currently listed as valid in all databases), it was changed several times. The nature of these changes is very different, but their general vector is clearly visible: to remove from the document those benchmarks, targets, etc., which quite soon after the adoption of the document appeared to be clearly unattainable. The article discusses some of the key items of the Concept and the reasons why the document was not implemented.

Economic reforms in Russia: Theoretical aspects and the practice of XIX—early XX century

This article analyzes both general issues of the theory of reforms and the history of economic reforms in Russia in the XIX—early XX century. The authors propose to consider the procces of carrying out reforms and counter-reforms as a result of interaction of several actors — “a theoretician”, “a reformer”, “a ruler”, “an elite” and “people”. During the whole Russian history reforms were of cyclic character. This article studies reforms conducted by M. M. Speransky, great reforms of Alexander II, reforms carried out by S. Yu. Vitte and P. A. Stolypin, counter-reforms of Nickolas I and Alexander III. All Russian reforms have always been aimed at the country’s modernization. However, though reforms were usually initiated for political reasons, economic reforms were in fact implemented. The tasks of modernization were realized in the first place in the military industry. Economic modernization occupied the second place by importance. Modernization of culture received much less attention, and modernization of political institutions was almost neglected. Historical experience shows that every project of modernization is unique and implies that reformers and intellectual elite are able to find those key decisions that will guarantee success. It is for this reason that the art of economic policy remains the prime factor in working out the strategy of reforms.

Реализация денежного этапа российской приватизации в 1997 — начале 1998 гг.: ключевые тенденции и региональная специфика (на примере Санкт-Петербурга)

The implementation of the monetary phase of Russian privatization in 1997 - early 1998 is discussed in the article. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that economic reforms and the privatization policy of the 1990s formed a socio-economic model and determined the characteristics of the political system of post-Soviet Russia, which led to the emergence of a number of basic problems facing Russian society in the late 2010s. It is noted that the post-communist transformation has become one of the most ambitious socio-economic shifts in the history of the 20th century. Therefore, according to the author of the article, it deserves a deep comprehensive study. The main trends in the privatization process of the 1990s are analyzed, the regional dimension is revealed on the example of St. Petersburg. The socio-political situation in the Russian Federation, which affects the course and dynamics of the transformation of property relations, is investigated. The government’s attempt to change the specifics of the privatization policy and further economic reforms in Russia is disclosed. The attention is paid to the political and criminal situation in St. Petersburg. The influence of privatization on the economy of the country, including the industry of St. Petersburg, is studied. The situation is considered on the example of a number of city enterprises. The social reaction to ongoing reforms is analyzed, in particular, the content of appeals of various public groups in connection with the implementation of the privatization policy.

Fiscal decentralization and regional budgets’ changing roles: a comparative case study of Russia and China

ABSTRACT An important aspect of economic reforms in Russia and China over the last several decades has been the transformation of their public finances and, in particular, the revision of the status and the capacities of the two countries’ regional budgets. In search of effective approaches to the division of revenues and expenditures between national and subnational authorities, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China have chosen different paths. While China’s central authorities have delegated more responsibilities and provided more resources to local governments, Russian regions’ role in the budget system have diminished. These differences are outlined and explained.

Акты министерств как правовой источник регулирования ведомственной кадровой политики в аспекте административно-экономических преобразований в России XIX в.

Акты министерств как правовой источник регулирования ведомственной кадровой политики в аспекте административно-экономических преобразований в России XIX в.

Ewolucja systemu gospodarczego Rosji: uwarunkowania, etapy i perspektywy zmian

The political and economic reforms in Russia since the beginning of the 1990s have made it possible to build a new economic system. Over more than 25 years, this system has evolved under the influence of, among others, economic and financial crises, which resulted in changes in the role of the state, ownership structure and the specificity of the corporate sector. The main goal of the paper is to identify the key elements and features of the economic system in Russia in the specified stages of its evolution and to indicate the perspectives of changes. To achieve this goal, an in-depth analysis was made of the literature and statistical data. The author puts forward the thesis that there are still some premises of the evolution of the economic system in Russia which resulted from the need for structural changes and the exhaustion of the current model of economic growth. However, in the immediate future, the economic system in Russia will not evolve significantly because of the economic stability and the lack of political will to make significant reforms.

Housing Construction in Russia: Trends and Medium-Range Forecasts

The article provides a comparative analysis of the growth in the volume of deliverable housing in the Russian Federation over the period of the Russian economic reforms (1991–2017), reflecting the general development trend and potential growth in the medium-range term. The factors affecting the growth of the annual volume of deliverable housing in terms of the target state housing policy are identified and systematized. The influence of these factors on the growth in the housing volume is estimated using economic and statistical modeling based on official statistical data for 1991–2016. Three forecast scenarios for the growth of annual supply of the total residential area in the Russian Federation for 2017–2023 is developed with allowance for all sources of funding.

Обрабатывающие производства России: санкции, импортозамещение

В статье анализируется современное состояние обрабатывающих производств России в условиях санкций, вызвавших проблему импортозамещения. Рассмотрены показатели состояния и развития обрабатывающих отраслей, характеризующих масштабы и качество производства, а также факторы производства (труд и капитал) и внешнеторговой деятельности – результаты импортозамещения как политики повышения конкурентоспособности российской продукции с целью продвижения ее на мировой рынок. Делается вывод о том, что, хотя государство официально взяло курс на создание цифровой экономики и на прорыв в экспорте наукоёмкой и высокотехнологичной продукции, в реальности технико-технологическое развитие страны в условиях импортозамещения не ускорилось. Анализ можно расценивать как некий мониторинг экономических преобразований в России, вызванных санкциями и импортозамещением.

Pluralia tantum nouns and nouns, mostly used in the plural form, in modern Russian

This study focuses on monitoring the development in the lexical composition of the modern Russian language lexical-semantic digits pluraliatantum nouns and nouns, mostly used in the plural form. The material of the study used the book "Dictionary of new words." During the analysis it was found that the process of appearance of words and pluraliatantum nouns, is used mainly in the form of plural. numbers can be considered active and continuous, on the one hand, characterizes the category of plural nouns in the structure as a strong, mnogoznamenatelnuyu category, on the other hand, once again convinces us of the inseparable, mutually connection of language and society. Political and economic reforms in Russia, have occurred in recent decades, the expansion of ties in all areas with other countries of the world are reflected in the lexical composition of these units, their semantics and education

Theoretical and methodological foundations for formation of sustainable land management system

The article is devoted to the formation of a system of sustainable land management, economic reforms in Russia largely depend on the level of development of land relations and the use of land resources. This is due to the fact that the land, in addition to its traditional properties (means of production, territorial basis, natural body, etc.), has become the object of legal relations and real estate. That is why the particular relevance for today is the building of a certain system of land management, which has an impact on the development of the economy of the state as a whole. The article describes theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of a management system.