The article identifies the priority approaches to the technical and technological modernization of the main modes of transport of Ukraine and allied countries to ensure high-quality transportation of various goods, especially military goods, in the conditions of hostilities and during the period of economic recovery. The author proposes an algorithm for the formation of logistics chains for the delivery of military cargoes according to two schemes (from the United States and Western Europe). The necessity of creating a unified transport system, addressing the issue of further proportional development of the unified transport system and each of its components (modes of transport, structural units) is described. The main aspects that will affect the prospects for the development of a unified transport system are identified. The main tasks of the transport system that need to be solved to meet the needs of the state economy and the population in transportation are described. It is determined that when establishing the priority and order of restoration of the economic and social sectors destroyed by the war, it is necessary, first of all, to direct all resources (financial and material) to the restoration and development of transport, primarily rail and air transport. This is the only approach to solving the complex problem of improving the quality of transport. The complexity of its solution lies in ensuring, taking into account the actual volumes of transportation, the proportional development of each element of the transport modes.