Economic Provision Research Articles

Public Perceptions of the Economic Impacts of Government Funded Events

National yearly events that are publicly funded often turn into large events that are appealing to the public and therefore need to benefit the community and society at large. While the government’s role in organising or hosting public celebrations is to foster and enhance the spirit of patriotism, love for the country, strengthen unity and national integration among the people, others may argue that these celebrations are a waste of public funds which could be better spent on the economic development, repair and provision of infrastructure and improving social conditions in the state. This paper aims to examine public perceptions at the locality of the event and surroundings on the economic impact of these events. The study covered two major state events celebrated in Sarawak, the Governor’s birthday and Malaysia Day, organised and funded by the State Protocol and Public Relations Unit of the Sarawak Chief Minister’s Office. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to survey the attendees of two celebratory events via convenience
 
 sampling. The findings from the survey found that the public perceived these events could positively support the locality in gaining temporary employment, support local trade, revive the local economy, increase hotel occupancy, and provide opportunities for future employment. However, the study further found that such events failed to create permanent employment and extend shopping hours in the event locality. Overall, it was shown that while national celebrations are perceived as events that benefit the public economically, there are concerns regarding the funding of infrastructure, which could alter the public’s perception in gaining a higher overall positive perception score.

CURRENT TRENDS IN ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF COUNTRIES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Introduction. Modern development of the world economy and especially the processes of globalization of the world economy, increasing the interdependence of economies, the formation of global commodity and financial markets have led to increased interest in the problem of increasing the competitiveness of countries involved in these processes. Issues of competitiveness at the level of the economy in the degree of urgency are among the issues of national importance, as they are closely linked to the achievement of dynamic economic development of the country and improving the living standards of its population. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the fundamental provisions of economics, the work of domestic and foreign economists to study the competitiveness of countries in the global economy. Materials of publications in periodicals, monographs on the researched problem are used in the article. Results. The main theoretical approaches to determining the competitiveness of countries in the global economy are considered in the article. The main functions of the state in strengthening the position of competitiveness of countries in the context of strengthening globalization are highlighted. Ukraine's positioning in the ranking of countries by the level of globalization is made and proposals are made to increase its competitiveness in the global economy. Discussion. The analysis of the positions of competitiveness of countries in the global economy provides an opportunity to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations and development of practical recommendations for improving the competitiveness of Ukraine, which forms the prospects for further scientific research. Key words: competitiveness of countries, global economy, globalization, national economies, national interests, internationalization, economic development.

ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The idea of the need to accelerate economic growth in agriculture is formed in the context of the development of the agricultural sector of the economy in society. Restoration of a full-fledged investment process in the agro-industrial complex is an important national problem, the solution of which will help increase the food security of the state and the exit of agro-industrial production and the social sphere from the crisis. The effective implementation of economic activity by the enterprise in the long run and ensuring high rates of development, increasing competitiveness in the transition to a market economy is largely determined by the level of activity and scale of investment activity. Methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition and a systematic approach to the study of the fundamental provisions of economics in relation to the implementation of investment activities in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. A set of special methods of economic research is used in the research process. The conclusions of the research are formulated with the help of abstract and logical method. The method of theoretical generalization is used in the critical analysis of research results of domestic scientists on the substantiation of the development of infrastructure in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Results. The main objectives of the management system of investment activities of agricultural enterprises are: to determine the economic efficiency of the investment project, in order to establish the feasibility of its implementation; ensuring the possibility of attracting the necessary amount of investment resources for the implementation of the investment project; formation of mechanisms and implementation of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of investment activities. The presented goals of the investment management system can be realized through the mechanism of management of sources of investment resources. Discussion. In the context of the introduction of agricultural land circulation, there is a need to develop institutions that will help attract investment in the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The task is to introduce a system of certification of appraisers, which will determine the fair value of agricultural land that will be the subject of sale. In order to introduce land mortgage lending, we believe that in the future it is necessary to resume the activities of the State Mortgage Bank as a regulator of such operations. Keywords: agricultural sector, investment, investment activity, corporation, management.

The 1993 World Conference on Human Rights and the retreat of a redistributive rights vision

Abstract The 1993 UN World Conference on Human Rights, the second held in the history of the UN, and the sequel to the 1968 conference in Tehran, was convened as the faith in the liberal democratic human rights order was renascent. Economic and social rights, one of the dominant notes of Tehran a quarter century earlier, were—in comparative terms—marginal to Western priorities. This paper draws on new archival research to assess the new equilibrium in post-Cold War human rights that emerged from Vienna. The interrelationship between political, civil, and legal freedoms, and economic and social provisions was pared down to mere exhortation. After the transnational ‘Breakthrough’ of human rights NGOs in the 1970s, almost everyone had begun to transliterate their cause to the language of human rights—but it had become a language which required the excision of economic radicalism as a prerequisite for drawing on its newly inflated moral currency.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СПІВПРАЦІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ ТА УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ РИНКІВ

The article analyzes the prospects of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the context of globalization of energy markets. Cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the energy sector is aimed at strengthening of energy security, competitiveness and sustainability, which is a complete condition for economic growth and provision of moving towards a market economy. This cooperation is based on partnership that covers all areas of cooperation in this area, guided by the following principles of coincidence of interest, reciprocity, transparency and predictability; by Energy Charter Treaty of 1994, Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the field of Energy, Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, as well as other bilateral agreements. Therefore, for Ukraine in the implementation of energy independence policy, it is extremely important to integrate its united energy system into the European Transmission System Operators. For this purpose the Program of Activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was adopted by the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada №26-VIII in December 11, 2014. Implementing this document, on June 28, 2017, NPC Ukrenergo together with the system operators, that are part of the ENTSO-E Regional Group “Continental Europe”, concluded an “Agreement on the conditions for the future integration of the energy systems of Ukraine and Moldova with the energy system of continental Europe”. In September 2019, the so-called Service Contract was concluded between NPC Ukrenergo and the Consortium of System Operators of ENTSO-E. On February 13, 2019, in Brussels, Agreement on participation of NPC Ukrenergo in the European Transmission System Operators Cooperation Program outside the membership for 2019-2021 was concluded. This program creates conditions for exclusive cooperation between ENTSO-E and NPC Ukrenergo. Its goal is to develop a basis for acquiring skills and cardinal practices from the most important issues for NPC Ukrenergo to join ENTSO-E. For the first time since independence, Ukraine has created a significant prospect in a relatively short period of time to take steps to strengthen its energy security and fully integrate with the European energy market. NPC Ukrenergo plays a crucial role in the accession of the UES of Ukraine to ENTSO-E. This process requires all stakeholders to provide opportunities to meet the requirements of the energy system and market participants.

Ecological and economic aspects of the efficiency of Polissia organic plant models

Purpose. The objective of the article is to investigate theoretically the possibility of harmonization of ecological and economic aspects of functioning of organic agricultural products production models under natural and climatic conditions of crop enterprises of Polissia zone in the Region of Chernihiv.
 Methodology / approach. The study was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-Industrial Manufacture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine during 2011–2020. The analysis of ecological and economic efficiency of organic crop rotations was made based on the results of the proprietary research on the example of generalization of predicted results of the developed standard models of organic crop rotations at crop enterprises of Polissia zone. Main methods: modelling (development, in particular, of standard models of crop rotations, modelling of the size of fertilizer potential over time by years); predicting (prediction of receipt and expenditure of nutrients, organic matter), balance (calculation of balances of humus and key nutrients), calculation and design (calculation of the basic parameters of economic efficiency); abstract and logical (formulation of the provisions of the article based on the analysis of studies of other authors, drawing conclusions based on the results of studies conducted).
 Results. Developed typical crop rotation models are characterized by positive predictive humus balances and acceptable key nutrient balances (NPK). With the implementation of ‘organic’ prices for agricultural products, most crops achieve an acceptable level of profitability. However, in order to achieve a competitive level of profitability of organic production, it must be provided with an appropriate economic mechanism of its functioning, in particular higher prices compared to traditional agricultural products, etc. Harmonization of economic and ecological aspects in simulated crop rotations is achieved primarily by selecting crops with high yields, which are mainly characterized by insufficient or low level of ecological efficiency, and crops with high or medium ecological efficiency, which having insufficient or low economic efficiency, compensate mostly negative ecological consequences of growing crops with high economic efficiency. This is accompanied by achievement of the ecological balance of agrocenoses and an acceptable level of economic efficiency of organic models. The practical aspect of the activities of specific farms in relation to the choice of the appropriate model of organic management should take into account not only considerations of ecological and economic efficiency, but also the level of resource provision within these limits.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The possibility of harmonization of economic and ecological aspects and achievement of their acceptable level in crop rotations of organic agriculture for crop enterprises has been theoretically substantiated. For the first time, the methodological approach developed by the authors on the distribution of costs for the production and application of organic fertilizers between crops during crop rotation in proportion to the duration and amount of fertilization was implemented.
 Practical value / implications. Typical models of crop rotations of organic farming for crop enterprises in Polissia were developed. Methods of choosing a certain model were proposed both according to the criteria of ecological and economic efficiency, and taking into account the organizational and economic capabilities and resource provision of a particular business entity.

State support for the development of rural green tourism at the regional level

The subject of research is the theoretical and practical principles of organization and development of rural green tourism enterprises, its regulation and support as a form of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas. The purpose of the work is to develop theoretical principles and practical proposals for the implementation of state support for rural green tourism enterprises and its improvement. The methodological basis of the article were the main theoretical and methodological provisions of economics, regulations of Ukraine, the works of leading foreign and domestic scientists. Results of work. The paper identifies the conditions and resources, features and institutions of organization and development of rural green tourism enterprises. The importance and sources of its spread and growth as a form of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside are substantiated. The forms of statistical reporting for the account are offered. The directions of improvement of the state regulation of the further development of its subjects are developed, including with the involvement of regional and local authorities, united territorial communities. Field of application of results. The conclusions of the article can be used in the educational and scientific process of higher education institutions, the work of rural communities, local governments, fiscal services. Conclusions. In the future, to ensure the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine and its effective management is considered appropriate: to improve the regulatory framework of rural tourism activities at both state and regional levels; constantly monitor indicators and study the needs of the market of its products and services; create an infrastructure of state financial and credit support for rural green tourism entities.

Directions of introduction of innovation-investment and marketing strategies for effective development of rural green tourism enterprises

The subject of the research is the theoretical and practical aspects of defining and implementing innovation, investment and marketing strategies to increase the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises and the reproduction of rural areas. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the main components and directions of implementation of innovation, investment and marketing strategies to ensure the effective development of rural green tourism enterprises, taking into account others, including problematic factors of their locations. Methodological basis of the article were the main theoretical and methodological provisions of economics, regulations of Ukraine, the works of leading foreign and domestic scientists in economics, marketing and management of tourism enterprises. Results of work. The importance of using innovation-investment and marketing strategies for the effective development of rural green tourism enterprises is substantiated in the work. Their main components and directions are determined. The main problems were identified and the forecast of the expected results of involvement was made. The field of application of results. The results can be used by rural green tourism enterprises, united territorial communities, regional and state authorities. Conclusions. Innovations are of paramount importance in increasing the efficiency of rural green tourism enterprises in the knowledge economy. Therefore, it is important to group them by areas of implementation. Investing in the development of rural green tourism enterprises is recognized as one of the main problems hindering their spread due to the low incomes of the vast majority of the rural population on the one hand and housing and other conditions that need improvement on the other. Therefore, determining their sources and reserves is of paramount importance. Marketing strategies are of paramount importance for the development of rural green tourism enterprises. Their main tools are brands and trademarks; virtual sales; advertising and PR-technologies, detailed by enterprises and agro-villages; tourist goods, unique and inherent in certain rural areas (food, cosmetics, crafts); attractions and services.

Methodological approaches to determining the integrated state and margin of economic security with regard to its provision

Purpose of the research. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to determining the integrated state and margin of economic security with regard to its provision. Methodology. The following general scientific theoretical methods are used in the study: generalization, explanation, grouping – to analyse economists’ and practitioners’ views on the object under study and draw conclusions upon analysis of primary sources; analysis and synthesis – to justify a new differentiated-integrated approach to economic security assessment; the matrix approach – to integrate the level of economic security and its temporal state and determine the margin of economic security. Results. The article presents methodological approaches developed to determine the integrated state of economic security of an enterprise. It is proposed to understand the integrated state of economic security as its value at a specific date of assessment determined considering the achieved level and temporal state of economic security at a given moment. The article presents a matrix approach to determining the current economic security and proposes an additional indicator of expediency of security provision measures based on the time criterion. The proposed methodological approach to determining the margin of economic security of the enterprise with regard to its provision is based on qualitative and quantitative approaches to its assessment. The approach involves comparison of the value of the level of economic security provision with the integrated state of security resulted from corresponding measures. Practical meaning. The use of the indicator of the margin of economic security with regard to its provision in practical activities of enterprises enables their management to consider beyond-control factors and on this basis make decisions on strengthening (acceleration) or, on the contrary, weakening and economy of implemented measures and programmes aimed to enhance economic security. Prospects for further research. Further research by the author is devoted to development of a methodology for determining the integrated state of medium-term and strategic economic security and, accordingly, identifying the margin of economic security that may occur when these types of economic security are provided.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL AUTHORITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF THE POPULATION

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the transformation of approaches to the formation of the latest system of socio-economic factors of public health to combat the COVID-19 pandemic at the present stage. The features of the economic aspects of public health policy and possible directions of its modern transformation have been studied. The urgency of public perception of the need to implement reform processes in the healthcare system at the stage of countering the coronavirus pandemic has been substantiated. The main measures for reforming the state policy of the healthcare system in the European countries are analyzed. The main functions of state policy in relation to the processes of economic provision of the healthcare system in developed countries have been investigated. The subject of the study is the economic factors of public-government cooperation in reforming the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, which allowed to consider the control system and managed subsystems as a holistic complex of medical and social services to the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure the completeness of the coverage of the subject of research, its conditional structuring on an empirical and theoretical level was carried out, as well as various methods of scientific research were used. At the empirical level, methods of statistics and semantic analysis were used to reveal the specifics of the object of study, as well as to study the impact of socio-economic factors on policy development to combat COVID-19, study the scientific literature on the experience of medical care for patients with COVID-19 in foreign countries. Conclusions. Today, the state of the healthcare system is characterized by a stage of crisis, and the healthcare sector is not a high priority in the state budget policy, and, consequently, the issue of funding is becoming more acute. The transformation of the healthcare system should consist in the organization of the provision of medical care available to the population of the country on the basis of fundamental transformations of financing, with the involvement of financial resources other than state. It is the interaction and close cooperation between the state and business that can contribute to the development of new forms and models of social-government interaction to improve the quality of life in society. Attracting private business, small, medium, and large market participants will be able to bring new solutions to change the socio-economic factors of healthcare.

PROBLEM OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE ECONOMISTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY UNDER CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the scientific discussion on the problem of future economists’ training for the development of national economy in the context of European integration; the disclosure of the peculiarities of Ukrainian modern economic processes and provision directions of high-quality economic education for students of the speciality 051 Economics. Methodology. The survey is based on the analysis of legal and normative base of future economists’ professional training and the ways to form their readiness for the development of national economy under the conditions of European integration. The scientific discussion on the problem of future economists’ training for the development of national economy under the conditions of European integration is covered; the disclosure of peculiarities of Ukrainian modern economic processes and the provision directions of high-quality economic education for students of the speciality 051 Economics. Core competencies for future economists, which they must acquire at the universities in the process of professional training and which they will promote participating in the development of national economy of Ukraine, are outlined. Professional training of future economists is reviewed as a process of basic economic competence formation, professionally oriented practical skills and students’ abilities, the development of their motivation for economic self-education and continuous self-improvement. Emphasis is placed on the educational technology of mathematical training for future economists. It must be admitted that the major feature of it is to ensure the implementation of educational objectives in the field of formation of the professional competence for future economists on the mathematical basis in accordance with the requirements to high economic education. It is emphasized on the importance for students to choose the educational programs, which they need, out of a proposed set. Emphasize is placed on the ways to master them, namely individual pace, forms and deadlines for the required reports. The individual educational program of the students is defined as the preliminary plan made by the students with the support of a teacher-mentor, their educational and other activity directed on personal and professional development. Moreover, it must be designed taking into account personal, educational and professional interests, needs and inquiries of the students. The principle of choosing an individual educational trajectory is characterized. It declares that every student has the right to conscious and agreed choice with the teacher for the main components of his or her education: content, objectives, pace, forms and methods of teaching, personal content of education, control and evaluation of results. The questionnaire, where each question has 10 possible answers, is represented in order to survey future economists on their satisfaction with the procedure of choosing an individual educational trajectory and the process of supporting the mastery of the educational program. Practical implications. The application of the diagnostic complex has confirmed that the pedagogical experiment resulted in quantitative changes in indicators that reflected significant qualitative changes in minds and behavior of future economists. It showed a significant positive dynamics of their readiness for innovative economic activity and the formation of their professional basics. The quantitative indicators of the experimental groups became a statistical confirmation of this: the number of students with high level of professionalism increased from 10.3% to 33.7%. The increase is at 23.4%. The index of sufficient level of future economists’ professionalism formation increased at 20.6%, i.e. from 25.4% to 46.0%. The number of students with the initial level of professionalism decreased at 22.6%. It is from 25.8% to 3.2%. The rate of change of the corresponding indicators in the control groups is much lower. Value/originality. The article provides ways for improving the methods and forms of future economists’ professional training for the development of national economy in the context of European integration. In particular, the introduction of individual educational trajectory of economists with a projection on elective courses and extrapolation into future economic practice is recommended.

The provincial policies of Teti, Pepy I and Merenre in Upper Egypt

Relations between capital and provinces were particularly important for the successful administration of Old Kingdom Egypt. The royal court and the central bureaucracy depended on the provinces for economic provision and military protection. The present paper examines this relationship by a study of evidence from Old Kingdom tombs in a range of Upper Egyptian provinces as well as those in the capital cemeteries. The data suggests that with declining resources the central government was wavering between the need to decentralise the provincial administration by appointing governors to reside permanently in each province, and the risk of these ambitious, energetic officials taking root in their respective provinces, establishing power bases and becoming impossible to remove as the generations progressed. In trying to solve this problem the central administration changed the provincial administrative system a number of times during the reigns of Teti, Pepy I and Merenre.

The influence of classical philosophy on the transformation of economics and economic institutions

The author reveals the connection between philosophical and economic thought in the classical period. The influence of philosophy on political and economic aspects of national economy development in the pre–scientific and scientific periods is revealed. The features of philosophical and worldview concepts of classicism that reflect the specifics of the era are indicated. The analysis of the relationship between classical philosophy and Economics has shown the influence of spiritual and moral aspects of the epoch, transcendentalism, rationalism, and a apriorism on economic theories based on the mechanistic paradigm, the logic of economic laws, and clear and unambiguous provisions for the formation and development of economic institutions. A model is presented that reveals the interaction of economic institutions from the position of classical philosophy in terms of the individualistic concept of behavior of classical economic agents, the Institute of labor resources as the basis of value and wealth, balance as a key element of the self–regulating order and distribution of economic benefits, and other aspects.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of territorial strategic management concerning socio-ecological and economic development of depressed regions

The socio-ecological-economic space of the RF regions is positioned as a multifunctional and complex object of strategic management. The effectiveness of the strategic management concerning the regional socio-ecological-economic system directly determines the vector and results of the diverse economic entity activities on the territory, and hence the ways to increase the economic potential of the region, the level of income and life quality of the local population. Effective regulation of economic processes and sustainable development provision of regional systems can be achieved only if all these processes are studied, ie their structure, tendencies, rates have been established; the factors contributing to and hindering development are identified, their fluctuations are diagnosed;

Economic Security Provision Models of National Industrial Development (Case Study of Russia, Post-Soviet Countries and English-Speaking Countries of G-20)

The main scientific aim of this work lies in improvement of the existing scientific positions in the sphere of industrial development economic security provision on the national level. The existence of two economic security provision models of industrial development that are applied in the countries of Community of independent states and in English-speaking countries of G-20 was grounded. The key features and characteristics of these models functioning. Design/methodology/approach were revealed: The work is based on the complex use of a number of methods of scientific research, including methods of analysis and abstraction, historical and logical approaches, methods of deduction and induction; graphic and statistical methods, as well as the system method. Scientific works of leading Russian economists in the field of the research, as well as the data of official statistics of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the USA, Canada, Australia, the UK, Saudi Arabia were used as an information base of the study. Findings: the study was based on the hypothesis of the similarity of the economic security provision models of industrial development of Russia and other countries of Community of independent states, as well as on the significant difference between this model and the analogues of developed foreign countries. Research limitations/implications: this research is limited by the papers indexed in the Scopus database and presenting a systematic literature review. Originality/value: it was proved that economic growth in foreign countries is largely determined by long-term investment, the main directions of which are research and development, education, healthcare, infrastructure development and etc. Deserves attention and that the raw share in the gross production fund of the developed countries is comparable with the corresponding figures in Russia. A comparative study of monetary policy of Community of independent states countries and G-20 countries was carried out. Impact of monetary policy of the researched group of countries on the investment process and industrial growth and development in the long term was determined

Effectiveness of Internal Communication Strategies at Lake Victoria North Water Services Board

The Government of Kenya initiated reforms in the Water Sector in the year 2002 with an aim of making the sector more efficient and effective in service delivery, with the coming of the Water Act 2002. The reforms were necessitated by poor service provision by the previous Water Service Providers, existence of poor water and sanitation infrastructure for Water and Sanitation Services Provision in the country, lack of ownership and conflict in roles and responsibilities of the players in the water sector, and lack of consumer involvement in the Water Service Provision. The Water Act 2002 established various institutions within the Ministry of Water and Irrigation with different specific roles. Among the institutions formed under this act are eight regional Water Services Boards tasked with ensuring efficient and economical provision water and sanitation services in their areas of jurisdiction. One of the eight Water Services Boards is Lake Victoria North Water Services Board, with headquarters in Kakamega and serves eight counties located in the Western Kenya and North Rift. Lake Victoria North Water Services Board identified strategic communication as one of the means that the Board would use to strengthen its capacity in fulfilling its mission. The Board planned to achieve this through development and implementation of a communication strategy and the establishment of a communication unit and resource Centre. In 2007, the Lake Victoria North Water Services Board contracted the services of a private consultant; Alpex Consulting Africa Ltd., to evaluate the situation of communication within the Board and amongst its contracted Water Services Providers with the aim of coming up with a Communication Strategy that would enable the Board reach out to its stakeholders regularly and effectively. The research adopted descriptive research design. The sample from this study was drawn by use of purposive sampling. Mixed method approach of data analysis was used where both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques informed the process of analysis. The findings from the study revealed that Communication was not adequately embedded in the Board's operations. The study revealed that communication in the Board was in most cases ad hoc and based on the need to need basis. A communication strategy was therefore developed to systematize communication functions within the organization. The communication strategy document has been in implementation by the Board since the year 2009. This study established the effectiveness of communication strategies in the employee relations at Lake Victoria North Water Services Board.

“Silver economy” as a resorce of inclusive development of the national economy

Introduction. For a long period time, the world scientific community has been actively working on finding out the directions, methods, instruments and mechanisms for the economic growth provision. The current trends in the world economy have led scientists to recognize that the market economy alone is not able to solve the key social problems and that economic development alone is not enough to ensure the full effective development of the state. That is why the concept of the inclusive economic development is especially relevant today. Elderly people have significant potential to achieve the inclusive development objectives. On the one hand, the elderly people cause a serious problem connected with the budget imbalances, and on the other hand, they are a new resource for the inclusive development through the expansion of the labor market, consumption and production.Objective: to study the genesis of the «silver economy» conception, analyze its theoretical provisions, establish a connection with the conception of «inclusive economy», substantiate the prospects for the development of the «silver economy» for the foreseeable future and develop the public policy measures to provide the deepening of the integration of the elderly people into the economic life of society.Methods. To achieve this objective the following general and special methods are used: induction and deduction, logical generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping.Results. The genesis and chronology of the conception of «silver economy» are studied. The conceptual apparatus of the concept of «silver economy» is examined through the prism of the terms used in this study. The author’s definition of the concept of «silver economy» is offered and its connection with the conception of the «inclusive development» is established. The basic models of the «silver economy», developed by the foreign scientists are studied. The prospects for the development of the «silver economy» for the nearest future are outlined. The perspective directions of the «silver economy» development are defined. A list of state policy measures that will promote the development of the «silver economy» in the country is offered.Discussion. Further research should be aimed at outlining the prospects for using the basic provisions of the concept of «silver economy» in the domestic economy.

Калмыкия на этапе поздней перестройки и распада СССР (1990–1991 гг.): новое видение статуса республики как субъекта советского и российского федерализма

Introduction. During the 1990 ‘sovereignty parade’, Soviet autonomous republics tended to adopt respective declarations as a means to denounce their autonomous status and, thus, raise their political standing in the context of reformed national and state structures. And Kalmykia was part of the trend: in October 1990, the region was reorganized into a Soviet Socialist Republic and, like other ex-autonomous republics, acquired a formal right to claim the status of a USSR member state. In RSFSR, this was paralleled by the preparation of a Federal Treaty that would reflect Russia’s new national-state structure. Goals. The paper investigates positions of regional authorities during the troubled period of fundamental reforms, and provides insight into the then emerged vision of the republic’s status as a subject of Soviet and Russian federalism. Materials. The article introduces a number of documents of the Kalmyk SSR that reveal the essence of Kalmykia’s Declaration of State Sovereignty, attitudes towards respective draft treaties developed for the USSR and RSFSR. Results. The work explores reasons underlying adoptions and principal provisions of the documents, focusing on positions of Kalmykia’s executives towards state sovereignty, renaming of the republic, change of its status within the USSR and particularly RSFSR, primacy of the republic’s laws, citizenship, economic independence, interregional and interethnic relations. Conclusions. Authorities of the Kalmyk ASSR sought to transform the republic into a USSR member state, though as part of the RSFSR. In this regard, great expectations were placed on a new Union Treaty that would recognize political and economic rights of the republic, and grant certain representative quotas in Union-level agencies. Similar efforts were made by the republic later as part of the Federal Treaty. The latter specified political and economic provisions (requirements) set forth by the republic in more detail, a significant role played there by the Law of the RSFSR on Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples adopted in April 1991.

The Examination of Teachers’ Levels of Organizational Happiness

This study aims to investigate the levels of organizational happiness of teachers working in primary, secondary, and high schools and to determine whether there is a significant difference in terms of some demographic characteristics. The screening model was employed in the study. The study population consists of teachers working in the Küçükçekmece, Bağcılar, Avcılar, and Esenyurt districts during the 2017-2018 academic year. The sample of the study comprises 297 teachers working in the Küçükçekmece, Bağcılar, Avcılar, and Esenyurt districts and selected via the convenience/incidental sampling method. In the study, the “Personal Information Form” created by the researchers and the “School Happiness Scale” developed by Bulut (2015) were used as data collection tools. The SPSS packaged software was used in the data analysis. According to the results of the data analysis, teachers’ general happiness perceptions and organizational happiness perceptions were observed to be high according to the subdimensions of management processes, attitudes towards the teaching profession, communication, commitment and economic provision of the School Happiness Scale. Teachers’ perceptions of organizational happiness differed significantly according to the level of education taught by teachers in the subdimensions of management processes and economic provision of the School Happiness Scale. Teachers’ perceptions of organizational happiness differed significantly according to professional seniority in the management processes subdimension of the School Happiness Scale. Teachers’ perceptions of organizational happiness differed significantly in the subdimensions of management processes, attitudes towards the teaching profession, commitment, and economic provision of the School Happiness Scale and according to the branch variable in the overall total. Teachers’ perceptions of organizational happiness did not differ significantly according to the variables of gender, educational status, age, and seniority in the school where they worked.

Innovative sources of increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises

The subject of research is the theoretical and practical aspects of the definition and implementation of innovations, forms and directions of innovation in order to increase the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises. The aim of the work is to identify innovative sources of increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises and substantiate the factors, components and tools for innovation in a knowledge economy, digital technologies, non-cash payments, high-speed Internet. The methodological basis of the article were the theoretical and methodological provisions of modern business economics, historical and monographic methods of scientific knowledge, as well as system-structural analysis and synthesis of the study of phenomena and processes, problem-based approach in justifying types, forms and directions of innovation. Results of work. The sources and offered components, directions and tools of introduction of innovations in work of the enterprises of rural green tourism, including in the form of organizational and administrative, marketing, product groups of them are revealed; in the form of IT startups, touring and digital systems and backup networks; timesharing, clustering, strategic alliances and clubs; smart Internet projects, software organization and management of the actual agro-villages and tourist enterprises in the countryside to increase their competitiveness. Field of application of results. Conclusions and results can be used in the work of rural green tourism enterprises, rural communities, public organizations, local governments; in the educational and scientific process of economic faculties of universities, colleges of tourist specialization, other institutions of higher education. Conclusions. Innovative activity in the system of strategic goals, priorities and guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises in the era of knowledge economy and digitalization will take a leading place. The realization of their important socio-economic functions, as well as other subjects of social life is becoming increasingly associated with an innovative type of development. In turn, it is based on a continuous and purposeful process of finding, preparing and implementing innovations. The possibility and motivation to obtain higher incomes and the need to increase the efficiency of financial and investment resources forces the participants of the tourism business in the countryside to purposefully create new tastes, interests and needs, introduce fundamentally new products, products, services and technologies. All this is also connected with the acceleration of innovation processes.