Economic Processes Research Articles

Insights into the individual and combined effects of Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) on anammox: Nitrogen removal performance, enzyme activity and microbial community

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an efficient and economical nitrogen removal process for treating ammonium-rich industrial wastewaters. However, Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) present in industrial wastewaters are toxic to anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). Unfortunately, the effects of Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) on anammox have not been thoroughly investigated, especially when Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) coexist. This work comprehensively investigated the individual and combined effects of Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) on anammox and revealed the inhibitory mechanisms. With the influent NH4+-N and NO2−-N concentration of 230 and 250 mg L−1, the inhibition thresholds on anammox are 2.00 mg L−1 Cu(Ⅱ), 1.00 mg L−1 Ni(Ⅱ) and 1.00 mg L−1 Cu(Ⅱ) + 1.00 mg L−1 Ni(Ⅱ), and higher Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) concentrations resulted in sharp deteriorations of nitrogen removal performance. The inhibition of Ni(Ⅱ) on anammox was mainly attributed to the adverse effect on NiR activity, while the inhibition mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) seemed to be unrelated to the four functional enzymes, but associated with disruption of cellular and organellar membranes. The behavior of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contributed to the antagonistic effect between Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) on anammox. In addition, the niche of Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia shifted under the Cu(II) and Ni(II) stress, and Candidatus Jettenia displayed greater tolerance to Cu(II) and Ni(II) stress. In conclusion, this research clarified the combined effect and the inhibitory mechanism of multiple heavy metals on anammox, and provide the guidances for anammox process application in treating high-ammonium industrial wastewaters containing heavy metals.

A Review of Nanocarbon-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Renewable and non-renewable energy harvesting and its storage are important components of our everyday economic processes. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with their rechargeable features, high open-circuit voltage, and potential large energy capacities, are one of the ideal alternatives for addressing that endeavor. Despite their widespread use, improving LIBs’ performance, such as increasing energy density demand, stability, and safety, remains a significant problem. The anode is an important component in LIBs and determines battery performance. To achieve high-performance batteries, anode subsystems must have a high capacity for ion intercalation/adsorption, high efficiency during charging and discharging operations, minimal reactivity to the electrolyte, excellent cyclability, and non-toxic operation. Group IV elements (Si, Ge, and Sn), transition-metal oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and transition-metal carbonates have all been tested as LIB anode materials. However, these materials have low rate capability due to weak conductivity, dismal cyclability, and fast capacity fading owing to large volume expansion and severe electrode collapse during the cycle operations. Contrarily, carbon nanostructures (1D, 2D, and 3D) have the potential to be employed as anode materials for LIBs due to their large buffer space and Li-ion conductivity. However, their capacity is limited. Blending these two material types to create a conductive and flexible carbon supporting nanocomposite framework as an anode material for LIBs is regarded as one of the most beneficial techniques for improving stability, conductivity, and capacity. This review begins with a quick overview of LIB operations and performance measurement indexes. It then examines the recently reported synthesis methods of carbon-based nanostructured materials and the effects of their properties on high-performance anode materials for LIBs. These include composites made of 1D, 2D, and 3D nanocarbon structures and much higher Li storage-capacity nanostructured compounds (metals, transitional metal oxides, transition-metal sulfides, and other inorganic materials). The strategies employed to improve anode performance by leveraging the intrinsic features of individual constituents and their structural designs are examined. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook for future advancements in this research field.

ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION (similar to the Volga federal district)

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of environmental safety on the economic security of the region. The economy of a country and its regions is inextricably linked to the state and functioning of its elements, including the environmental situation. This factor has an impacton the resource supply of production, life expectancy and working capacity of the population, aswell as on trade opportunities in both domestic and foreign markets. Without ensuring environmental safety, it is impossible to ensure the safety of economic processes. Assessment of regional environmental safety is currently an urgent area of research, since many regions of Russia are characterized by a high proportion of industrial production, high anthropogenic load and the presence of environmental problems that can negatively affect the economic security of the region. The article presents the results of an assessment of the environmental safety of the regions of the Volga Federal District using various methods. The authors analyzed the state of environmental safety of the regionson the basis of a number of indicators outlined in the Strategy of Environmental Safety of Russia. The results of the evaluation using the indicative method are presented. In addition, a cluster analysis was carried out over several years, which, based on official statistical data, allowed the formation of groups of regions according to the level of environmental safety. The authors identified the following are as for neutralizing threats to environmental safety: improvement of legislation in the field of environmental safety; development and implementation of new technologies that will be more environmentally friendly; creation of programs for environmental cleanup and restoration of natural resources; strengthening control over compliance with environmental norms and standards. The identification of the interrelationships between environmental and economic security will allow us to develop effective strategies to ensure the sustainable development of the region, reduce the negative impacton the environment and increase the level of environmental safety.

Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs

While entrepreneurship continues to gain significance worldwide as a means for economic development and a tool for youth employment, coffee cultivation entrepreneurial intention becomes an essential goal to investigate and a necessary instrument. Accordingly, this research investigates the role of external factors, namely Access to Finance (ATF), Structural and Institutional Support (SIS), Physical Infrastructure Support (PIS), Social Influence (SIF) and Education and Training (ET), in stimulating Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention (CFEI) among potential entrepreneurs (students). A sample of 318 participants from various universities in Saudi Arabia responded to an online questionnaire, forming the basis for analysis using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study reported different findings, such as a positive relationship between CFEI and other factors, namely PIS, SIF and ET. However, the study found no positive connection between ATF, SIS and CFEI. The study concluded by providing actionable recommendations for policymakers about stimulating coffee farming among students and contributing to the economic development process and youth employment. It also assists in the establishment of sustainable business environments for future generations.

Eco-Smart Economics: Revolutionizing Jordan’s Logistics with Sustainable Drone Technology

This study explores the implications of sustainable drone technology on the development of Jordan’s logistics sector through the eco-smart economics lens. Based on in-depth qualitative data drawn from 42 semi-structured interviews conducted in Jordan, the study evaluates drones’ influences on environmental, operational, and economic processes, finding that drone technology has the potential to substantially improve delivery timeframes, diminish carbon emissions, and contribute to the sustainable development agenda. However, the study has also outlined several limitations, such as regulatory, technical, and public concerns, especially related to privacy and security. In this regard, for Jordan to benefit from drones in the logistics sector, policy, technological, and partnership advancements are required. Such changes would ensure that Jordan develops a sustainable, rapid, and efficient logistics sector to strengthen its economy.

A Sustainable Future : The Importance and the Development of Sustainable Finance In the 21st Century

The environmental problems that have emerged along with rapidly increasing global warming in recent years have made the concept of sustainability an important issue in the world in general. This fact has been largely effective in increasing the sensitivity of businesses and leading corporations to the environmental problems. This situation has led businesses to implement environmental friendly policies and invest in these areas, both interms of efficient use of natural resources and minimizing the damage to the environment. With the increasing global warming, climate change has recently become one of the most important problems in the world, and many countries have started to make efforts to reduce the risk of climate change. The inadequacy of environemental measures taken so far has necessitated the search for solutions in different areas regarding this issue. In this sense, financial institutions also contribute to climate awareness by following environmental policies in their activities and developing products that prioritize the environment. The concept of sustainable finance has led to the development of various financial products and to the development of financing projects aimed at protecting the environment. While the concept of sustainable finance is perceived as the responsibility of public authorities, the private sector has also been included in the process with the Sustainable Development Goals in the UN 2030 Agenda. There is no doubt that sustainable banking and finance practices, especially the implementation of sustainability practices by banks and other corporations in developing countries will contribute to the development of these countries considerably. In this study, it is aimed to draw attention to the global climate crisis, to emphasize the relationship between finance and the environment, and to contribute to the increase of applications in this field in the world by introducing green financing tools. One of the important functions of sustainable finance against the climate crisis is the evolution of companies funded within the scope of ESG criteria into a production process that tends to be sensitive to carbon emissions, as well as acquiring social and governance sensitivity. In this way, an economic process can be carried out on the axis of environmental and social awareness. In addition to combating climate change, it can be an important supporter in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

An innovative process chain for the production of antibiofouling polymer parts using ultrafast laser texturing

Polymers are versatile materials widely used in various industries, with significant applications in biomedicine where biofouling on polymer surfaces presents major health and economic challenges. Biofouling, initiated by bacterial adhesion, can be mitigated by modifying surface properties through laser micro- and nano-texturing, an approach that offers advantages over chemical treatments. This study introduces an economical mass production process for textured polymeric components using injection molding to replicate hierarchical textures. Testing revealed that all textured samples significantly reduced bacterial adhesion compared to untextured surfaces across different designs and bacteria types after 24 h of culture. The study examined factors like wettability, nanoscale roughness, and pattern dimensions to explain these outcomes, comparing them with existing studies. Despite all textured samples showing decreased wettability and roughness, these factors alone did not ensure reduced bacterial adhesion. The most effective anti-adhesive performance was observed in surfaces with parallel ridge patterns, which segmented the surface into isolated areas that limited bacterial interaction and hindered micro-colony formation, highlighting the importance of specific surface patterning in combating biofouling.

Enhancement of Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy through Hollow Cathode Discharge-Assisted Plasma Nitriding.

In order to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy, a Ti-N compound layer was formed on the alloy by plasma nitriding at a relatively low temperature (750 °C) and within an economical processing duration (4 h), in a mixture of NH3 and N2 gases with varying ratios. The influence of the gas mixture on the microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the Ti-N layer was investigated. The results indicated that the thickness of the nitrided layer achieved in a mixed atmosphere with optimal proportions of NH3 and N2 (with a ratio of 1:2) was substantially greater than that obtained in an atmosphere of pure NH3. This suggests that appropriately increasing the proportion of N2 in the nitriding atmosphere is beneficial for the growth of the nitrided layer. The experiments demonstrated that the formation of the surface nitrided layer significantly enhances the corrosion and wear resistance of the titanium alloys.

Assays for Monitoring Apixaban and Rivaroxaban in Emergency Settings, State-of-the-Art Routine Analysis, and Volumetric Absorptive Microsamples Deliver Discordant Results.

Our aim was to compare the performance of complementary clinical laboratory approaches to monitoring exposure to apixaban and rivaroxaban, the most prescribed direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC's): an automated commercial anti-Xa chromogenic assay suitable for emergency and pre-surgery testing and a laboratory-developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method employed for non-emergency analysis in plasma and in dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples (VAMS) collectible by the patients in their homes. The full validation of the LC-MS/MS method was performed. Cross-validation of the methodologies was accomplished by processing 60 specimens collected for whole blood count and DOAC monitoring in a central clinical laboratory. For VAMS samples, dried plasma and whole blood calibrators were found to be suitable, and a cycle run for seven days could be implemented for rational and economic sample processing. The anti-Xa chromogrenic assay and the LC-MS/MS method delivered discordant plasma analyte concentrations. Moreover, the lack of agreement between plasma and VAMS concentrations was observed. Clinical laboratories must be aware of the differences between the performance of apixaban and rivaroxaban LC-MS/MS and anti-Xa assays. Hematocrit must always be measured along with VAMS samples to obtain accurate results.

Power of economics without power in economics?

Power relations dominate most social and economic processes. Despite its significance, however, the concept of structural power relations is often neglected in standard economics. Standard economics often confines itself to dissecting an idealised, abstract world, wherein power dynamics are abstracted from and seen as somewhat outside the economic realm. But, can economics be powerful in understanding, explaining and, ideally, tackling the multiple crises of our time without embedding the concept of power in its analysis? We suggest that the lack of consideration or insufficient engagement with power-related aspects in mostly standard approaches has far-reaching implications, as policies that neglect underlying power relations are not fit to address the crisis. This collection reopens the discussion of power in economics. Building on the talks and discussions at the 2023 EAEPE Pre-Conference that was held in Leeds, UK, this collection provides scholars an outlet to shed light on power structures within their field of research to highlight the complexity and interrelation of power and economics. We also conduct a literature analysis to identify different forms and categories of power used in the mainstream and heterodox economics literature with a particular focus on the different definitions and interpretations of the concept. We get our sample from the Web of Science (WoS) category ‘Economics’ in the WoS SSCI database, from 2010 to 2024. This approach provides a roadmap to better understand the different interpretations, definitions and conceptualisations of power within current literature.

Features of preventing abuse of authority or official position committed by public servants

Corruption in Ukraine is recognized as a threat to national interests, sustainable development and European integration. Despite the significant efforts made by the state and international institutions to overcome corruption in the main spheres of public life, its level still remains high. When defining the essence of corruption, one should first of all proceed from the fact that it cannot be reduced to any specific socially dangerous act, to a specific offense. Corruption is the result of the historical development of society and the state, including Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian state. At the same time, in the last decade, corruption in Ukraine gained an unprecedented scope and influence on political, economic and other social processes. It іs found that the problems of countering corruption in Ukraine in many respects coincide with similar problems in other countries. This coincidence is caused by the same social essence of corruption as the corrosion of power, which consists in the abuse by officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies of power or official position for selfish or other personal interests. Regardless of the differences in the state system, the main socio-economic prerequisites of corruption are the same in principle for all countries − the imperfection of the mechanism of the exercise of power, the desire of subjects endowed with power to use this power for personal purposes, and the main directions of combating corruption − restrictions, neutralization and elimination of its social prerequisites, causes and conditions of corrupt acts, determination of restrictions and prohibitions for civil servants, establishment of responsibility for their violation. The reduction of corruption to a certain type of offense by a certain part of scientists and practitioners is one of the most significant mistakes in the understanding of corruption. Corruption is a social phenomenon that has social conditions, social patterns of development and exerts a negative influence on social processes. Existing in society and being a product of social relations, it permeates various social spheres of society, deforming social relations in different ways.

Individual or communal? Exploring the social dynamics of ceramic production at the Lengyel circular-enclosure site of Těšetice-Kyjovice – Sutny, South Moravia

Although ceramic vessels form the majority of artifact assemblages in the Neolithic, little is known about their production beyond the assumption that they were made in a domestic context. Characterizing the scale of ceramic production is important for understanding Neolithic social and economic processes, particularly at sites with enclosure systems that indicate an increased degree of social organization. Nevertheless, characterizing the complexity and social entanglements of ceramic production is a difficult task in the absence of primary production locales.In this study, we provide a working hypothesis and use ceramic and clay petrographic data to highlight the variability in ceramic technological practices, and in turn, identify the organization of ceramic production at the Late Neolithic (Lengyel I; 4750–4500 BCE) site of Těšetice-Kyjovice – Sutny, South Moravia, Czech Republic. The site is characterised by a large circular enclosure, the construction of which required a high level of social cooperation. It is still under scrutiny whether the cooperation required for building the enclosure system was only temporary and related to this construction activity, or if it reflects a higher degree of social organization in general.By understanding ceramic production, we may clarify the complexity of the most common production processes that took place at the site. Large-scale ceramic and clay petrographic data provide information on the first steps of the chaîne opératoire in ceramic fabrication, which can be used to assess the organization of production. A systematic analysis of a large number of ceramic samples, representing all basic typological and macroscopically distinguishable fabric groups, revealed a high degree of individuality in choices of raw materials and tempers. Ceramic petrographic data, compared with the petrographic data of local sediment sources, further highlighted individuality in raw material and temper preferences, and even mixing of raw materials was identified.Our analyses suggest that Lengyel culture potters likely produced their vessels on a household level, with no evidence suggesting non-domestic production. These data, in conjunction with ceramic petrographic data from Hungarian Late Neolithic sites, suggest that Late Neolithic communities were self-sufficient in terms of utilitarian pottery production. Ceramic petrographic data also indicate interaction between the inhabitants of Těšetice and other Lengyel culture communities in the vicinity, perhaps further indicating a higher degree of social organization at the site.

Green finance as a tool to stimulate investments in environmentally sustainable projects

This article discusses one of the most effective methods of financing investments in fixed assets through loans or bonds. The mechanism of green financing is a tool that can attract part of the necessary investments to achieve ambitious goals of the designated strategy. The ESG (environmental, social, governance) agenda has recently become one of the most popular and widely discussed topics in global communities, including financial ones, as any transformation and change in business and economic conjunctures often require a significant amount of investment. The largest number of questions is raised by the E (environmental) component which is responsible for ecology, namely for ensuring decarbonisation of economic and social processes as well as for adapting to the challenges associated with the global energy transition, for protecting and multiplying natural capital, and reducing the harmful human impact on the environment. The article also provides a methodology for calculating the greenium that investors are willing to pay the issuer. The main attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the current state of the green bond market and to the process of forming a greenium in the Russian green finance market which will help investors make informed decisions when choosing investments.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE EU FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

The study of the EU’s foreign economic policy is one of the key topics in the modern scientific literature due to the EU’s significant influence on the global economic processes. This article analyzes evolution of the relevant research by Russian and foreign authors, including both modern works and publications of the early 2010s, when this topic began to gain relevance in the context of studying international trade relations. Special attention is paid to the issue of transformation of the EU Commission’s foreign economic policy formulation due to the implementation of the 2021 trade policy strategy, aimed at ensuring «strategic autonomy» of the Union. This article reviews existing discussions regarding the definition of this concept, as well as regarding its main instruments. In conclusion, the author identifies key gaps in respective scientific knowledge and presents directions for further study. It is proposed to investigate the ongoing changes using a paradigmatic research method that is based on the 1993 theory by Peter Hall. A deeper understanding of the EU's trade policy changes will allow Russia to more effectively adapt its behavior in the international arena, as well as its interaction with the other global players.

RAPID AND AN EFFICIENT ONE-POT THREE-COMPONENT SYNTHESIS OF ISOXAZOLES PROMOTED BY CAS

A straightforward, practical, and economical process for producing isoxazole derivatives is described. It makes use of ethylacetoacetate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and substituted aromatic aldehydes with promoted camphor sulfonic acid as a catalyst in a solvent. No toxic organic solvents are used in the current procedure. Shortest reaction time, high product yields, easy work-up process, and non-chromatographic product purification are only a few of this catalysts encouraging reaction response characteristics. The derivatives of desired compounds were analyzed advanced spectroscopic data by 1H NMR, 13CNMR and mass spectrometry was used to verify the products structures. Products were chosen, and their antibacterial activity was examined.

Experiences of water poverty in the metropolitan area of Barcelona: implications for the Global North

ABSTRACT Water poverty, primarily understood as a problem of affordability, is increasingly important in developed countries. It burdens vulnerable households with mounting debts or deprives them of this fundamental resource. Faced with this threat, households may modify their habits to reduce consumption and seek also assistance to reduce the amount of the water bill. Both strategies imply stressful efforts, often exacerbated by unexpected events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Using semi-structured interviews with 35 vulnerable households in a working-class town near Barcelona, in this paper we blend a quantitative assessment of home water habits with a qualitative analysis of strategies to reduce water bill costs. Results reveal a strong commitment to water savings but clashes with essential household needs, particularly for children. Respondents lament that despite intense water saving, bills remain high, given water's perceived expense and limited subsidy access. In sum, addressing the issue of water poverty from the subjective experience of those struggling against it in their daily lives allows to identify situations where basic physical and mental comfort of the more vulnerable is under severe stress. These experiences and perceptions are linked to sociopolitical and economic processes such as accumulation by dispossession or ecological modernization, contributing to water poverty.

Економіко-правова сутність митної політики: макро- та мікро- аспект

In the context of martial law and the implementation of international customs law norms and procedures in the domestic economic space, the requirements for customs and business operations efficiency of foreign economic operators are becoming more stringent. The issues of the customs policy of an enterprise, as such, which ensures the systematization of organizational, economic and managerial processes and operations to ensure the effective implementation of foreign economic activity, are becoming increasingly important. Based on a study of scientific publications covering customs policy, the author proves that there is no systematic approach to its identification at the micro level, i.e., at the level of enterprises. The author emphasizes the need for clear regulation of foreign economic activity operations at enterprises. It is proved that the absence of a systematic approach to determining the customs policy of enterprises does not fully ensure the achievement of efficiency of foreign economic activity. The author proposes to consider the customs policy of an enterprise as a set of methodological approaches, standards and mechanisms that ensure effective management of business processes related to customs clearance of goods, compliance with customs legislation and optimization of customs payments. The economic and legal principles of interaction between customs policy at the macro and micro levels are revealed, where the State establishes general rules and regulations, and enterprises adapt their activities in accordance with these requirements. It is proposed to include economic (financial management, customs logistics, customs payments, organization of customs procedures) and legal (risk management, legal regulation, information and legal support, partnership with customs brokers, administration) parameters in the elements of the enterprise’s customs policy, each of which will affect the efficiency of foreign economic activity management. It is argued that the introduction of a comprehensive customs policy of an enterprise will help to increase its competitiveness in international markets and ensure the effective functioning of foreign economic activity. Prospects for further scientific research are determined in the plane of applied projection of the proposed provisions for the formation of customs policy to ensure the development of foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises. Keywords: customs policy, elements of customs policy, foreign economic activity, customs payments, financial management, administration, legal regulation.

Організаційно-економічний механізм управління ризиками підприємства в умовах цифровізації

The article examines the current challenges and risks faced by Ukrainian enterprises in the context of digitalization and external environmental uncertainty. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and economic mechanism for managing enterprise risks in the conditions of digitalization. This study highlights risks related to cybersecurity, technological changes, the impact of military actions, market competition, and more. The research justifies the need to create an effective risk management mechanism to ensure enterprises’ sustainable development and adaptation to the challenges of the modern economy and digitalization. An analysis of contemporary approaches to defining the concepts of “risk” and “risk management,” presented in domestic and foreign sources, has revealed the key elements of risk management mechanisms. It was found that the concept of “risk” is characterized by critical aspects such as probability, negative consequences in the form of losses, potential positive outcomes, and benefits. In contrast, risk management should be viewed as preventing unforeseen events in the company’s operations, ensuring continuous control, and mitigating consequences when they occur. It is substantiated that the risk management process is continuous and systematic and includes monitoring and assessing risks at all levels of enterprise activity. The study presents an organizational and economic mechanism for risk management in enterprises under digitalization conditions, which, unlike existing models, considers the digitalization of economic processes in the enterprise, covers critical components such as personnel, legal, informational and digital, analytical, organizational, financial, and investment support, and is multi-component, systematic, and governed by its principles. The mechanism’s practical value lies in the effective interaction of its elements, which allows enterprises to identify and minimize risks promptly, maintain stability, and promote sustainable development. The research revealed the importance of integrating digital tools into the risk management process, which enhances decision-making efficiency and minimizes negative consequences. Keywords: risk, risk management, organizational and economic mechanism of risk management, risk management, digitalization of the economy, cyber risks.

Institutional space of sustainable development: Structure, motives, and conditions of development in Ukraine

The massive destructive processes and security challenges faced by Ukraine in defending its right to choose a development model have heightened the problem of defining institutional conditions for the structural transformation of the economy and aligning its parameters with sustainable development priorities. The purpose of this study was to model scenarios for the development of the business environment under various types of institutional structures and to determine the possibility of creating an institutional basis for Ukraine’s sustainable development in the face of global security challenges. The study was based on the conceptual framework of the institutional environment. The study identified institutional gaps in the business environment that distort the motivational foundation of Ukraine’s sustainable development concept and lead to the dominance of corrupt elements in the decisions and actions of economic actors. The consequences of the influence of extractive institutional factors on the choice of behaviour strategies by economic entities were systematised. The study characterised the differences in the impact of extractive and inclusive institutions on economic processes. Using the motivation vectors of business representatives, government authorities, and the public, scenarios for the development of the business environment were modelled, and their results were presented from the perspective of sustainable development goals. The concept of developing an environment of “entrepreneurial inclusivity” as an institutional basis for sustainable development was conceptualised, emphasising its role as a stimulator of proactive and effective innovative activities. The goals of developing innovative infrastructure were defined as a set of institutions of collective action that enable the reduction of risks in the innovative activities of enterprises and enhance their efficiency. The conditions under which the business community will be motivated to develop such institutions were identified. The role of civil organisations in institutional change processes and the development of institutions of collective action was emphasised. The findings of this study have practical significance for shaping the institutional mechanism to implement innovation and technological structural shifts in Ukraine’s economy in the context of sustainable development goals during its post-war revival

FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF GOALS FOR MANAGING THE INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF AN ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION

The article examines the role of innovation in the development of enterprises. An approach to innovation management at an enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation is developed, based on the premise that the goals of an enterprise should determine the goals of innovation management, and the processes of innovation management at an enterprise should be integrated with the vertical and horizontal levels of economic and production business processes in the context of post-conflict transformation. Based on the results of the study, the mathematical basis for innovation management in the system of methodological approaches (transfer management, algorithmic management, creative management) based on the identified processes of innovation management at enterprises in the context of post-conflict transformation is determined. An analysis of approaches to the formation of goals for managing innovations at enterprises in the context of post-conflict transformation is carried out. The approach, which is contained within 8 key spaces, with the allocation of 5 groups of goals (financial, production, marketing, human resource management, information and technical support) is substantiated. A system of goals for managing the innovation and investment activities of enterprise is formed. The author details managerial actions/decisions at the strategic, tactical and operational levels and specifies tactical functional goals in the context of financial, production, marketing, human resource management and information technology, which ensures further optimization of the use of various types of resources (primarily human resources) at the enterprise. A mathematical framework has been developed for the subsystem at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. The obtained results can be implemented in the activities of enterprises and used in further scientific research.