Economic Potential Research Articles

Floating photovoltaic in Chile: Potential for clean energy generation and water protection

Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) has the potential to mitigate climate change while adapting to its consequences. Photovoltaic (PV) systems installed on a water surface enable synergies such as higher generation efficiency and reduced evaporation. Although there is growing interest in FPV, there has been no structured analysis of Chile's technical and economic potential. We provide the first national-level estimate of FPV potential, using filtered geo-datasets and meteorological data to compute PV yields and impact on water evaporation. We find a technical potential of 6.3 – 16.6GWp for FPV, predominantly in the central zone between the Coquimbo and Biobío regions. The derived potential for FPV could provide 13 – 33% of the current national annual electricity generation while protecting over 118millionm3 of water per year from evaporation. Further, we derive average levelized cost of energy for utility-scale FPV projects in central regions between 51–55USDMWh−1. Future research to understand the impact on evaporation and the effects of large-scale FPV implementation on the national electricity grid should be carried out to enable synergetic development.

Pengelolaan Sampah Pada Pondok Pesantren Al-Muhajirin, Jayamukti, Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Community service activities carried out at the Al-Muhajirin Islamic boarding school, Bekasi Regency are a form of concern for the environment in the Islamic boarding school area. The waste produced by the Al-Muhajirin Islamic boarding school has not yet been processed, but is immediately collected and thrown away. In the waste collection process, comfort problems often occur, especially from waste pollution which produces unpleasant odors. This is potentially due to a lack of concern/awareness among students regarding waste processing in the Islamic boarding school environment. To overcome this problem, service activities are carried out through training for students regarding environmental concern/awareness based on a waste management system. The training is carried out inside and outside the classroom, in the form of sorting the waste produced and then continuing with waste processing and its economic potential. Waste processing practices that have economic value are carried out to foster insight and develop an entrepreneurial spirit. This activity process also creates comfort and produces a cleaner environment because there is no accumulation of rubbish in the Islamic boarding school environment.a

Spent graphite regeneration: Exploring diverse repairing manners with impurities-catalyzing effect towards high performance and low energy consumption

Spent battery recycling has received considerable attention because of its economic and environmental potential. A large amount of retired graphite has been produced as the main electrode material, accompanied by a detailed exploration of the repair mechanism. However, they still suffer from unclear repair mechanisms and physicochemical evolution. In this study, spent graphite was repaired employing three methodologies: pickling-sintering, pyrogenic-recovery, and high-temperature sintering. Owing to the catalytic effect of the metal-based impurities and temperature control, the as-obtained samples displayed an ordered transformation, including the interlayer distance, crystalline degree, and grain size. As anodes of lithium ions batteries, the capacity of repaired samples reached up to 310 mA h g−1 above after 300 loops at 1.0 C, similar to that of commercial graphite. Meanwhile, benefitting from the effective assembly of carbon atoms in internal structure of graphite at >1400 °C, their initial coulombic efficiency were >87%. Even at 2.0 C, the capacity of samples remained approximately 244 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles. Detailed electrochemical and kinetic analyses revealed that a low temperature enhanced the isotropy, thereby enhancing the rate properties. Further, economic and environmental analyses revealed that the revenue obtained through suitable pyrogenic-recovering manners was approximately the largest value (5500 $ t−1). Thus, this study is expected to clarify the in-depth effect of different repair methods on the traits of graphite, while offering all-round evaluations of repaired graphite.

ПРОЕКТ RAIL BALTICA ЯК СКЛАДОВА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the solution of the urgent problems of strengthening the economic potential of the national economy and improving the logistical ways of supplying Ukrainian exports. Full integration of Ukraine into the EU should be comprehensive and include adaptation to the European system of communication routes it was determined. It has been established that one of the important stages of integration into the trans-European rail transport system should be the accession of Ukraine to the Trans-Baltic Rail Baltica project. The purpose of the study is to investigate the concept of integration of the system of international rail transportation and passenger transportation of Ukraine and the EU on the example of the implementation of the Trans-Baltic Rail Baltica project. The current state, potential, stages of project implementation and prospects for Ukraine joining this project it was determined. The object of the study is the process of Ukraine's integration into the system of the trans-European network of transport routes. The methods used in the research. Method of scientific knowledge, methods of analysis, synthesis, method of generalization, comparison, methods of induction and deduction. The hypothesis of the study consists in the assumption of the need to develop an organizational mechanism ("road map") for Ukraine's integration into the trans-European transport system. Presenting main material. The article examines the current state of logistics routes that ensure the transportation of Ukrainian exports to Europe and the transit capabilities of European ports for the transcontinental transportation of Ukrainian goods. Some difficulties still exist in exporting goods through the seaports of Ukraine. The transit potential of the borders of the Baltic countries for Ukrainian exports has been determined. Attention is also focused on the fact that road transport cannot be the only alternative for transport connections between Ukraine and the EU. The main problem of delivering Ukrainian exports to the ports of the Baltic Sea, and mostly to the entire European market by rail is the different width of the railway tracks. The work describes the modern Rail Baltica project, which is aimed at integrating the Baltic countries into the trans-European rail transportation system. The importance, specifics of implementation and prospects of joining Ukraine in this project have been determined. The originality and practical significance of the study is justification of the need for Ukraine to join the Rail Baltica project from the point of view of national economic and military-political security, as well as the security of the entire region. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The conducted research made it possible to determine that the development of the process of Ukraine's integration into the EU involves the development of a strategy for the integration of Ukraine into the European system of passenger and cargo transportation. Joining the Rail Baltica project will increase Ukraine's expert potential. The Rail Baltica project with the participation of Ukraine has the opportunity to improve the logistics routes of connections on the entire European continent.

Inovasi Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Berkelanjutan di Objek Wisata Marimbunna Kelurahan Tikala

A tourist area is a valuable asset for a region, which not only provides sustainable economic potential, but also reflects and promotes its rich cultural, natural and historical heritage. Along with developments over time, changes in tourist behavior patterns, and demands for more memorable tourist experiences, developing tourist areas has become very important. The Marimbunna tourist attraction is a tourist destination that offers typical Toraja cultural heritage, especially in the form of burial or funeral tourism. The aim of this tourist area development innovation program is to create tourism destinations that are sustainable, competitive and attractive for tourists. The methods used in this service are field observation, interviews with the community, identifying problems and determining work objectives. The results of the work program activities include comparative studies, improvements to facilities and infrastructure, site cleaning, and outreach about the importance of preserving cultural tourism objects.

The right to education and the principle of equality: from an idea in the works of Professor Hersch Lauterpacht to enshrining in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The article examines the scientific contribution of Professor Hersh Lauterpacht to the development of the idea of enshrining in writing the right to education in the Bill, its content and the principle of equality. It is noted that Sir H. Lauterpacht’s scientific views on the right to education are still relevant today. Attention is focused on the fact that everyone’s right to education is sometimes replaced by people’s enlightenment. The issue of ensuring the right to education by the aggressor state in the territories temporarily occupied by it is raised. It is stated that the state violates its international obligations to ensure everyone’s right to education if it replaces people’s education with people’s enlightenment. The issue of the economic development of the state, the economic potential of the state, international and domestic standards of the right to education, and their interrelationship is also raised.
 It is concluded that the ideas set forth in Professor G. Lauterpacht’s monograph «The International Bill of Human Rights» were progressive in nature, and essentially it was about the need to establish a written catalog of human rights, as well as about the fact that this catalog should be part of the structure of the world. Sir Gersh Lauterpacht in his scientific work applied the approach according to which he proposed to enshrine the state’s obligations in the field of human rights in the Bill. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an approach was applied, according to which human rights were enshrined, and with respect to the duties of the state, a veiled enshrining of them was applied.
 It is established that Sir G. Lauterpacht: 1) considered the right to education of everyone as a duty of the state, which it must conscientiously fulfill; 2) linked the standard of the right to education with such factors as: 1) the economic potential of the state; 2) economic development of the state. Accordingly, in states that have higher economic development and greater economic potential, the standard of education should be higher, and in states that are less economically developed and have less potential, the minimum standard of the right to education should be ensured; 3) introduced such a criterion for evaluating the fulfillment of the state’s obligation to ensure the right to education as efficiency. If the state is an entity that has the duty to effectively ensure the right to education, then, accordingly, the state must bear responsibility if it does not effectively ensure this right.
 Professor G. Lauterpacht proposed to enshrine the principle of equality in writing. Regarding the content of this principle, he applied an approach according to which the state is entrusted with the duty to ensure full equality before the law of all and equal treatment of every person of state power. It is established that the idea of the prohibition of discrimination and its content, which Professor Hersh Lauterpacht proposed to enshrine in the Bill, laid the foundation for desegregation in education.
 The influence of Hersh Lauterpacht’s monograph on the formulation and consolidation of the right to education and the principle of equality in the written act on human rights - the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - has been revealed.

ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CASE-STUDY OF KAZAKHSTAN

Research on the development and support of women's business in the context of developing countries requires special attention.The purpose of this study is to analyze the features of the regional development of women entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan, a country with a developing economy and a leader among Central Asian countries, as well as the policy of state support for women's entrepreneurship in the post-pandemic period.The methodology of the study as a basis covers statistical methods of statistical data analysis, cluster analysis.Originality of the research. The study focuses on identifying the causes of uneven development of women's entrepreneurship in the regions of the republic and the implementation of state support.Findings. The authors conclude that the socio-economic development of the regions directly aff ects the entrepreneurial activity of women in the regions. The economic unevenness of regional development is refl ected in the social aspect of the level of development. The use of the economic potential of rural women is associated with the development of single-industry towns and infrastructure, as well as the development of programs that take into account the specifi cs of the regions. However, despite the existence of existing state programs to support entrepreneurship, there are not enough programs aimed at broad involvement of women in business and a number of measures should be taken to improve the country's entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Assessing economic trade-off for advances in amine-based post-combustion capture technology

The study aims to evaluate the trade-off relationship between reducing energy consumption through technological improvements, including process modifications and the use of CO2-absorbing solvents, and the increased costs associated with their implementation in power and industrial sectors. Additionally, the economic potentials of heat-integrated CO2 capture and amine solvent degradation are explored. Four representative cases are considered, involving changes to lean vapor compression (LVC) and a blended amine solvent from a monoethanolamine (MEA) benchmark process. The findings indicate that the characteristics of combustion processes have a minor impact on the energy intensity of amine-based CO2 capture, but they significantly affect its cost. This is primarily due to substantial variations in fuel costs and equipment size. Technological advancements, such as process modifications and the use of amine solvents with high CO2 absorption capacity, play a crucial role in reducing both the energy consumption and costs associated with CO2 capture. However, the study suggests that careful consideration is needed when utilizing expensive amine solvents with high CO2 absorption capacity, particularly in situations prone to solvent degradation, as solvent loss can significantly impact the economic viability of CO2 capture.

The Effects of Economic Sector GDP on Low-Income Housing Supply, Colombia’s Regions Case

The regions with the best economy have a greater capacity to develop low-income or social-impact housing, thus contributing to the reduction of poverty and, therefore, to the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals. This is observed in fewer people living in extreme poverty and with fewer unmet basic needs. This present article analyzes the correlation between the development in the main economic sectors in different regions (departments) of Colombia and the supply of low-income housing. Nevertheless, the most remarkable relation that was found was between the economic development of the regions (GDP) and the supply of non-social housing (more expensive commercial value) (Spearman’s Rho: 0.9). This means that there is an imbalance between regional economic capacity and the low-income housing supply because the regions with higher economic potential should have a less demanding population, that is, people living in poverty. These correlations are better when they go hand in hand with activities that are mostly developed in an urban environment, such as manufacturing, construction, real estate, and finance and insurance. On the contrary, these correlations are worse with industries such as mining and agriculture that mostly operate in rural areas. The analysis between low-income housing and economic sectors’ GDP yields low correlations, but these are worse for rural industries. Also, the investigation shows a positive change in the correlations’ trend for the year 2021, the beginning of the post-pandemic economic recovery.

Economy-environment-energy performance evaluation of power to hydrogen and power to methane considering renewable energy generation and carbon capture

Abstract The integration of multienergy complementary systems has become increasingly prevalent to mitigate the waste of renewable energy. As power-to-gas (P2G) technology advances, converting electricity into gas presents a viable solution for bolstering the reliability of power supplies within integrated energy frameworks. P2G plays a pivotal role in harnessing unused renewable resources, such as wind and solar energy, to produce sustainable power. While numerous studies have explored the advancement of P2G, there remains a lack of comprehensive evaluation of its various component subsystems. This research aims to design a renewable energy power system, augmented by gas-fired generation, assessing the collective advantages of both the power-to-hydrogen (P-H) and power-to-methane (P-M) conversion processes within the P2G infrastructure. It is important to note that the economic potential of P-H conversion is currently constrained by cost factors within existing P2G systems. This study takes into account the dynamics of carbon trading, as well as the hydrogen and methane markets, to compare the economic, environmental and energy-specific benefits of P-H and P-M conversions under different power demand scenarios. The goal is to formulate enhanced strategies to optimize P2G deployment in these varied contexts.

In-situ solvents generation enhanced steam assisted gravity drainage (ISSG-SAGD): A low carbon and high-efficiency approach for heavy oil recovery

The primary bottleneck in heavy oil production lies in the significant energy consumption and CO2 emissions associated with steam injection for recovery. To address this challenge, we propose the ISSG-SAGD (in-situ solvent generation enhanced steam assisted gravity drainage) technique. The recovery mechanisms and operational strategies are investigated using a numerical simulation with an Athabasca bitumen reservoir model, affirming the considerable environmental and economic potential of ISSG-SAGD. The results demonstrate that ISSG-SAGD integrates the recovery mechanisms of both SAGP (steam and gas push) and ES-SAGD (expanding solvent SAGD). Moreover, employing cyclic steam injection, maintaining low operating pressure, and initiating ISSG-SAGD at an early stage enable a 33.79 % reduction in steam consumption, a 39 % decrease in average carbon intensity, a 5.40 % increase in oil production, and a 61.28 % rise in net present value compared to conventional SAGD. This study proves that the ISSG-SAGD approach offers a sustainable and efficient alternative for future heavy oil recovery endeavors, addresses the challenges of high energy consumption and carbon emissions, and paves the way towards a green and economically viable future for the heavy oil development.

Assessment of morphological and chlorophyll content traits in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterannea [verdc L.

Background: Bambara groundnut has promising economic potential due to its various uses such as food, medicinal and agronomic benefits. To date, there are no significant breeding efforts aimed at cultivar development and the crop remains underutilised.Aim: To characterise and identify Bambara groundnut landraces using agro-morphological and chlorophyll traits to identify breeding lines for cultivar development.Setting: The experiment was conducted in Limpopo and North West provinces (Loskop and Molelwane research farms).Methods: This study used randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.Results: Analysis of variance revealed significant variations among most of the landraces used. Highly significant positive correlations were observed for most of the traits recorded. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first six principal components contributed 78.34% of the total variability among the test genotypes that were being evaluated. The biplot and dendrogram further grouped the landraces according to traits associated with them. Shannon Weaver’s diversity index showed a wide variability among the accessions in qualitative morphological traits.Conclusion: The agro-morphological traits and chlorophyll content characterisation showed significant variability within the landraces tested. These findings would be beneficial for breeders to choose the desirable traits associated with the Bambara groundnut landraces in the breeding programme for the development of new breeding population.Contribution: The identified superior landraces will be utilised by the small-scale and large-scale commercial farmers for direct cultivation and marketing, and can be used as parents in breeding programmes.

Penguatan Literasi, Kapabilitas, dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Rejoyoso : Perwujudan Desa Cerdas dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

This research aims to evaluate the educational, health, and economic conditions of the community in Rejoyoso Village, Malang Regency, East Java, and to design and implement empowerment programs to enhance the quality of human resources (HR) and village development. Focusing on literacy, health, and the economy, the research seeks to address access constraints and community awareness of the importance of holistic human development. The research approach involves collaboration with the Creative Gallery as a local partner, using the Certified Independent Study Internship Program (MSIB) and Aqil Learning Space (RBA) as venues for implementing empowerment programs. Data were collected through literacy meetings, field observations, and interviews with village officials and collaborators. The research results show that Rejoyoso Village has economic potential in the agricultural sector and its human resources. However, limited access to education and health, especially among children and the elderly, affects the quality of HR. Early marriage and limited health access are serious issues. The designed empowerment program includes literacy strengthening, primary health care, and the improvement of Opak Santri SME branding. The program involves activities such as workshops, mentoring, and counseling. Evaluation through impression-message papers and reflection sheets shows a positive response from participants, and positive impacts are seen in increased participation in educational and health activities. The conclusion of this research is that through collaboration between various parties, including local government, educational institutions, and the community, empowerment programs can successfully improve literacy, health, and the economy in Rejoyoso Village. Continuous evaluation and collaboration are key to the sustainability of empowerment programs and the improvement of HR quality and overall village development.

Study on Access Agricultural Credit by Small and Marginal Farmers in India

Increased formalisation, more financial inclusion, and economic potential from changes spurred by digital technology have all contributed to the Indian economy's noteworthy gains. According to this survey, there has been a noticeable increase in the amount of loans given to small and marginal farmers—from 44.1% to 56.9%. On the other hand, throughout the same time frame, the proportion of related accounts decreased from 62.7% to 56.9%. In contrast to long-term loans, short-term credit has notably seen steady yearly increase. When the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for 1998–1999, 2021–2022, and total credit were analysed, the CAGR for production (crop) credit was 19.12%, for term loans it was 18.96%, and for total credit it was 19.13%. By contrasting the years 2021–22 with 2013–14, the study evaluates the proportionate presence of small and marginal farmers in ground-level lending as well. In order to improve output, income, and the general quality of life for small and marginal farmers, the findings point to the necessity of stepping up efforts in the areas of alternative livelihoods, poverty reduction, mainstreaming marginalised groups, and the promotion of appropriate technology and inputs.

Tourism Impact on the Cultural Heritage of Countries in the Middle East

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore the tourism impact on cultural heritage of countries in the Middle East.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the tourism impact on cultural heritage of countries in the Middle East. Preliminary empirical review revealed that tourism has both positive and negative effects on the region's cultural heritage. While it significantly contributes to the economy and fosters cultural exchange, it also poses challenges such as overcrowding and cultural commodification. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable tourism practices and responsible heritage management. Cultural ecology, cultural conservation, and dependency theories provided valuable frameworks for understanding this complex relationship. The findings benefit policymakers, site managers, local communities, and the tourism industry by guiding the development of strategies that protect cultural heritage while harnessing tourism's economic potential, contributing to a more balanced approach to tourism development in the Middle East.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Cultural Ecology Theory, Cultural Conservation Theory and the Dependency Theory may be used to anchor future studies on cultural heritage. The study suggested a set of comprehensive recommendations. These recommendations emphasize the importance of heritage conservation and responsible tourism practices. They include the development of robust heritage management plans, enhanced visitor education, and community engagement. Encouraging tourism diversification, sustainable infrastructure development, and capacity building are also essential. Furthermore, the study highlights the significance of ongoing research, marketing strategies that promote cultural richness, and intergovernmental coordination. By implementing these measures, Middle Eastern countries can achieve a harmonious balance between cultural heritage preservation and the economic benefits of tourism, ensuring the long-term sustainability of both.

ISO 50002 and ITS Contribution to the Decarbonization of SMES: Case Study

The decarbonization of all sectors of the energy system is essential to mitigate climate change. However, the existing barriers, mainly related to information, prevent the implementation of Energy Efficiency measures and energy management systems in SMEs to reduce carbon emissions. An energy audit is considered a critical step for businesses that want to increase their energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption cost-effectively. The present study addressed ISO 50002 and its contribution to energy management based on the ISO 50001:2019 standard through a case study applied to an SME in the non-metallic mineral sector, which allowed establishing the guidelines and the form to address an energy audit in an SME under ISO 50002, determining opportunities for improvement by eliminating unproductive times, correcting fleeting compressed air, eliminating energy losses due to operational variability, automating the start-up of the Hammer Mill and the feed band in gypsum grinding. Additionally, an annual energy and economic savings potential of 162,599 KWh and COP 49,360,442 was estimated; and 26,992 Kg CO2 stopped emitting.

Mountain Region Development Strategy, Principles of Architectural-Spatial Organization Urban Areas and Housing

In this working paper, the current situation in the mountainous villages of the eastern part of Georgia, as well as urban-social and economic development potential and others, is studied. Mountainous villages need some fundamental functional planning and structural changes. It is noted that when deciding urban-social and architectural-planning questions, natural-climatic factors’ complexes should be considered: Difficult relief, its shape, its inclination and articulation, its climate and landscape variability by the vertical zoning, etc. In this work paper, we discuss the development problems of mountainous regions. Nowadays, there are severe problems in the mountainous villages: Lack of land, less competition, and technological backwardness of agricultural products. In winter, this area is almost empty of its difficult environmental conditions. Foreign experiences have been studied to plan the mountain settlements and formation-development principles, which could be used for the destination of architectural planning development in the mountainous part of east Georgia. It has been determined that it’s essential to form the mountainous regions as the general urban area to develop agriculture recreation and industry as well as agriculture recreation and tourism. According to the united urban planning development tendencies, development principles have been formed step bystep in the mountainous inhabited regions in the eastern part of Georgia.

Optimizing the Role of BUMDes Through The Utilization of Herbal Chili Production Potential in Pekandangan Tengah Village, Bluto District, Sumenep Regency

Optimizing the Role of BUMDes Through The Utilization of Herbal Chili Production Potential in Pekandangan Tengah Village, Bluto District, Sumenep Regency

Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles

Smelting used to be less efficient; therefore, wastes obtained from historical processing at smelter plants usually contain certain quantities of valuable metals. Upon the extraction of useful metal elements, metallurgical slag can be repurposed as an alternative mineral raw material in the building sector. A case study was conducted, which included an investigation of the physico-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of Pb–Zn slag found at the historic landfill near the Topilnica Veles smelter in North Macedonia. The slag was sampled using drill holes. The mineralogical and microstructural analysis revealed that Pb–Zn slag is a very complex and inhomogeneous alternative raw material with utilizable levels of metals, specifically Pb (2.3 wt.%), Zn (7.1 wt.%), and Ag (27.5 ppm). Crystalline mineral phases of wurtzite, sphalerite, galena, cerussite, akermanite, wüstite, monticellite, franklinite, and zincite were identified in the analyzed samples. The slag’s matrix consisted of alumino-silicates, amorphous silicates, and mixtures of spinel and silicates. Due to the economic potential of Pb, Zn, and Ag extraction, the first stage of reutilization will be to transform metal concentrates into their collective concentrate, from which the maximum amount of these crucial components can be extracted. This procedure will include combination of gravity concentration and separation techniques. The next step is to assess the Pb–Zn slag’s potential applications in civil engineering, based on its mineralogical and physico-mechanical properties. Alumino-silicates present in Pb–Zn slag, which contain high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, are suitable for use in cementitious building composites. The goal of this research is to suggest a solution by which to close the circle of slag’s reutilization in terms of zero waste principles. It is therefore critical to thoroughly investigate the material, the established methods and preparation processes, and the ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.

The Importance and Components of Economic Cooperation among Red Sea Countries

In an era marked by interconnectedness and global interdependence, the Red Sea region stands as a pivotal nexus linking diverse nations with shared opportunities and challenges. The importance of economic cooperation among Red Sea countries cannot be overstated, as it not only holds the potential to bolster individual national economies but also to foster regional stability, enhance sustainable development, and create a pathway towards mutual prosperity. This strategic waterway, teeming with economic potential, serves as a conduit for trade, investment, and collaboration, urging nations along its shores to recognize the mutual benefits of collective economic endeavors. In this dynamic context, fostering collaboration among Red Sea countries emerges not only as an economic imperative but also as a diplomatic and geopolitical necessity, reflecting the growing recognition that shared interests transcend national borders and can be best pursued through collective action. This paper offers a general literature review on the topic of the importance and components of economic cooperation among Red Sea countries. This literature review synthesizes existing research on the importance and components of economic cooperation among Red Sea countries. The Red Sea region, characterized by its strategic geopolitical position, is home to a diverse group of nations with unique economic challenges and opportunities. Scholars have extensively explored the potential benefits of fostering economic collaboration in this region, emphasizing the crucial role it plays in promoting regional stability, sustainable development, and mutual prosperity.