Economic Policies In Order Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ НЕОЛИБЕРАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕОЛОГИИ НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СЫРЬЕВЫХ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

Neoliberalism, as an ideology, influences various industries and regions in Russia to varying degrees. In industry regions, this influence can be especially pronounced, given the specifics of economic activity and socio-economic conditions. That is why it is important to take into account and measure the positive and negative impact of neoliberal policies in relation to regions with single-industry specialization. This article examines the impact of neoliberal ideology on the socio-economic development of the raw material regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the basic principles of neoliberalism and their impact on economic policy, especially in the context of regions dependent on the extraction and export of natural resources, is carried out. To achieve the purpose of the study, qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including the analysis of official statistical data, a literary review and expert assessments. The article examines the changes in the economic structure, standard of living and social sphere of these regions under the influence of neoliberal reforms. Special attention is paid to the growth of social inequalities, the deterioration of working and living conditions of the population. The results of the conducted research can be used for the development and successful implementation of subsequent programs for the development of raw materials regions. The article offers recommendations on adjusting economic policy in order to mitigate the negative effects of neoliberal principles on raw material regions and increase sustainable socio-economic development.

Political Regime Types and Income Inequality in Pakistan

Rising income inequality is one of the major issues in the Pakistani economy. It has been investigated in different dimensions. Different cross-sectional and panel studies have extensively examined the connection between political regime types and income inequality over a specific period. The findings have displayed significant variations across countries and regions. This study delves into exploring the relationship between political regime types and income inequality, specifically in Pakistan, utilizing time series data spanning from 1972 to 2019. To measure political regime types, the Polity index is employed, while the Gini-Coefficient serves as the metric for income inequality. Additionally, this research takes into account various factors, such as GDP per capita, the ratio of direct taxes to GDP, the percentage of government expenditure on education relative to GDP, and the percentage of government expenditure on community and social services relative to GDP, in order to control for their direct effects. The stationarity of the data is assessed using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test, while the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model is employed to examine the cointegrating relationship among the variables in the model. The empirical findings from the estimation affirm the presence of a lasting correlation between Pakistan's political regime types and wealth disparities. The findings show that different political regimes have a notable detrimental effect on the nation's economic disparity. To be more precise, a one percent increase in the Polity score is associated with a 0.45 percent long-term and a 0.25 percent short-term fall in the Gini Coefficient. This suggests that Pakistan should work toward a stable democratic political framework and put into place sustainable economic policies in order to successfully address income disparity and achieve a desirable level of income distribution

Renewable energy, economic development, energy consumption and its impact on environmental quality: New evidence from South East Asian countries

In light of the COP28 summit's emphasis on renewable energy as a key solution for climate change and energy security, this study focuses on Southeast Asian countries, where the potential and impact of renewable energy remain underexplored amidst pressing environmental and global warming challenges. This research aims to fill the gap by examining how renewable energy can mitigate environmental degradation and drive economic growth in this region, contributing to the broader discourse on renewable energy's global relevance and application. Employing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique, this research analyzes data from 1975 to 2022 to examine the long-term impact of renewable energy adoption in these economies. The findings reveal that renewable energy significantly reduces environmental pollution and contributes positively to environmental sustainability. The findings indicated that coal-based energy consumption has contributed more to environmental degradation than energy obtained from natural gas. These results underscore the synergistic relationship between renewable energy utilization and environmental health, providing a clear pathway for policy development. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating renewable energy into economic policies in order to achieve environmental sustainability and cost-effective degradation reduction in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

GREEN ECONOMY AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of the article is to study the directions of development of the green economy in Ukraine as a factor of ensuring the transition to sustainable development of the country. Methodology. One of the main elements of the methodology for conducting research on the green economy as a factor of ensuring sustainable development are evaluation methods. Comparative, balance, graphic, economic-mathematical and other methods of economic justification are used in the work. The methods of systematisation and generalisation were used to study the principles of further ecologically balanced development, economic-statistical, structural-logical and analytical – for the development of methods and indicators for the analysis of the system of directions of the green economy, graphic – for the visual presentation of the dynamics of indicators of sustainable development. The results of the work show that the growth of income and employment in the green economy is guaranteed at the expense of public and private investments aimed at increasing energy efficiency, reducing the negative impacts of economic activity and increasing the diversity and productivity of the biosphere, in the interests of the entire population, especially the poorest. It is important to emphasise that the concept of the green economy does not replace the concept of sustainable development, but develops it and is a means of putting it into practice. Green development can only be ensured if environmental and economic policies are integrated in such a way that social progress, economic growth and improvement in the quality of life of the population take place against a background of reduced threats to the surrounding natural environment. Practical implications. The concept of green growth emphasises the importance of integrating environmental and economic policies in order to identify new potential sources of economic growth without placing an "unsustainable" burden on the quantity and quality of natural resources. The transition to a green economy requires the application of a wide range of measures, including economic instruments (taxes, subsidies, emissions trading schemes), government regulatory measures (setting standards) and non-economic measures (voluntary initiatives, provision of information). Value/originality. Important economic indicators of sustainable environmental and economic development are a nature-intensive economy and a structural indicator that reflects the specific weight of products and investments in the natural resource-based sectors of the economy.

Demanding the Impossible: Public Procurement as Industrial Strategy

AbstractGovernments have rediscovered industrial strategy as a central tool of economic policy in order to deal with a range of challenges, including ending the stagnation in productivity, transforming economies to meet net zero targets and coping with disruptive new technologies. An important emerging feature of this is a shift in emphasis from ‘supply‐side’ policies, focussing on tackling market failures, to ‘demand‐side’ policies, which aim to help entrepreneurs overcome uncertainty by providing a final market for their products. For UK policy makers, this shift represents opportunities to support nascent technology industries, but it also holds dangers of waste, overreach and political capture. The article assesses several possible approaches available to the UK and concludes that a viable strategy for the UK is not to try to compete with big spending schemes, like the USA's Inflation Reduction Act, but to work with entrepreneurs in de‐risking new product development.

Agglomeration of Economic Activities of Fisherman Communities In Jenilu Village Belu District

Research on the phenomenon of agglomeration of community economic activities needs to be carried out to see its impact on regional development, especially in border areas. Grouped economic activities can be a consideration for the government in taking economic policies in order to improve people's welfare. This study aimed to find out: 1) where and how the economic activities of the fishing community in Jenilu Village experience concentration or agglomeration; 2) what are the characteristics of the economic activities of the fishing community in Jenilu Village; and 3) what government policies should be taken to accelerate development in Jenilu Village. This type of research is a qualitative field exploration with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research results show: 1) the economic activities of the fishing community in Jenilu Village experience agglomeration or grouping in the Atapupu area due to the historical value of this area which has long been the center of community activities and also the existence of infrastructure support including good access to cross-country roads, markets, and ports; 2) 80% of the people of Jenilu Village work as fishermen with a low-income level of an average of Rp. 1000,000,- per month, still relying on simple fishing equipment such as fishing rods, nets, and motorized boats, and the main types of a catch include tuna, tuna, yellow stripe, and mackerel; 3) the regional government is expected to be able to improve the quality of human resources and build infrastructure in this region to support the development of the main border gate area which has not been maximized.

Модели государственного регулирования цифровой отрасли в различных условиях технологического развития

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to defining models of state regulation of digital transformation depending on competitive advantages in the field of digital technologies and the priority of public administration tasks. The subject of the study is the indicators of technological development of states and acts of state regulation of the digital industry. Purpose/tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine an adequate model of state governance of digitalization depending on the combination of exogenous and endogenous factors. The tasks of the study include: identifying the sequence of tasks of public management of the digital industry depending on technological development and the state of competition in the international digital market, establishing the relationship between liberalization and protectionist tools in accordance with the priority tasks of state regulation; identification of key areas of state regulation of digitalization. Methodology. The article uses general scientific methods (collection, analysis and synthesis of information), the method of comparative analysis in relation to the areas of state regulation of the digital industry, and the inductive method in formulating conclusions. Results. The tasks of state management of digitalization are ranked depending on the accumulated technological base and the state of international competition. Based on an analysis of international practice in regulating emerging industries, an effective combination of protectionist and liberalization tools has been identified at various stages of the formation and development of digital production. Strengthening government regulation to ensure digital security has been proven. Protectionist tools for developing the international competitiveness of the digital sector of the national economy are indicated. Conclusions/Significance. The novelty of the study lies in the identification of models of state governance of digitalization for countries issuing digital technologies and countries with catching up digital development, allowing them to operate with a set of government regulation tools in order to ensure digital security and increase the international competitiveness of the digital industry. Application. The results can be applied in the development and implementation of state economic policy in order to ensure digital accessibility, digital security and competitiveness in the international market of digital products, services and technologies.

Аналіз динаміки синтетичних індикаторів якості життя з огляду впливу на детермінант економічної політики держави

Introduction. The effectiveness of a country’s economic policy can be measured using economic or social criteria that are interconnected and interdependent. Therefore, it is desirable to have a relatively small number of generalizing criteria-indicators (or even better – a single synthetic criterion-indicator) with the help of which it would be possible to measure the effectiveness of state economic policy, but the search for such criteria-indicators continues. The analysis of approaches to solving this problem shows that the priority direction is the use of the concept of quality of life. Purpose. In this work, we aim to analyze the dynamics of Ukrainian synthetic indicators of quality of life and a defined set of key explanatory variables-determinants of the state’s economic policy in order to identify problem areas in the socio-economic development of Ukraine. That is, consider approaches to solving the fourth task of our research based on the application of regression analysis. Results. Approaches to the study of the dynamics of synthetic indicators of the quality of life (QOL) and their determinants, which are determined on the basis of regression analysis from the a priori data set of the state’s economic policy, are considered. An analysis of the results of the dynamics of these SIAs and their determinants during 2010-2019 is presented. The obtained results indicate that on the basis of the analysis of the dynamics of Ukrainian synthetic indicators of the quality of life and their determinants, it is possible to ensure the identification of problem areas in the socio-economic development of Ukraine, which should be influenced by means of the state’s economic policy. Conclusion. As a result, we found a positive answer to the main question of our research: how, based on the analysis of the dynamics of synthetic indicators of the quality of life and their determinants, can we ensure the identification of problem areas in the socio-economic development of Ukraine, which should primarily be influenced by the means of state economic policy?

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО МАРКЕТИНГА БИЗНЕСВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В ПОИСКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА ВЛАСТИ, БИЗНЕСА И НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

It is indicated that the mechanism of interaction between government, business and the population is being built during crisis situations, which are caused by a special military operation, structural transformations caused by the influence of Western sanctions. It is important in the system of marketing transformations, which are also observed as a result of the post-pandemic period, to timely and effectively use adaptation mechanisms both in the system of public administration, in business and in social and economic policy in order to quickly respond to structural challenges that arise as a result of the crisis and sanctions. An adaptive mechanism of business interaction marketing has been developed to increase the level of cooperation between government, business, and the population, the purpose of which is to form effective cooperation between authorities, business and the population on the basis of a marketing package, which is supplemented by the introduction of next-generation technologies and will allow interacting and communicating more effectively and solving strategic tasks more rationally. The search for scientific solutions as a result of scientific research allowed us to draw appropriate conclusions and conclusions, substantiate proposals and formulate provisions of scientific novelty, which are aimed at increasing the role of the state and the authorities in shaping the policy of supporting business and the activities of entrepreneurial structures, improving the quality of life of the population in direct interaction based on a marketing approach. In the complex, all the results of scientific research will contribute to improving the effectiveness of cooperation between the government, business and the population. An important proposal to increase the effective level of interaction in the chain of relations “government, business-population” is to improve the functioning of business associations, which will allow more detailed monitoring to form a list of priorities for solving problems of business and population and to form strategic development programs to address the most significant and important issues of interaction.

Inter-relationship among Female Labour - Force Participation, Fertility and Economic Development: Evidences from India

The female labour-force participation rate has been falling in India despite a sharp increase in economic growth and development. The falling share of the female population in the labour force is a matter of concern from a different perspective. It raises the question of the inclusiveness of economic growth. On the other way round, female workforce participation is having significance in regard to its contribution to economic growth. The fertility rate is considered another important component of this relationship. The present study makes an attempt to explore the relationship between female workforce participation, fertility, and economic development using ARDL-based time series analysis. The study observed the existence of long run cointegration among fertility, female – labour force participation and economic development. The result of the study shows fertility rate is negatively associated with economic development and female labour force participation. Further, economic development is inversely dependent on both female labour force participation rate and fertility rate. The findings of the study may contribute to the economic literature and be conducive to formulating a better economic policy in order to achieve economic growth with gender equality.

Public-Private Partnership with reference to the experience of Saudi Arabia Kingdom

This study aims to shed light on the increasing importance of the public-private partnership in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom, and the growing of available opportunities to attract private investments for many sectors such as aviation, water and port management, as well as clarifying challenges and obstacles of this type of contracting, and requirements for the successful partnership between public and private sectors in order to clarify and crystallize requirements and foundations of the real partnership between them in setting economic policies in order to advance the Saudi economy and achieve the desired economic development in the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. The study concluded that the partnership between public and private sectors, if it has the right structure, can be developed successfully, that’s what has been proved by the actual progress made by the Kingdom by opening new sectors and reforming laws and regulations, which led to an increase interest in partnership projects between the public sector and the private one. Thus, it will contribute to an increase number of partnership projects in the coming years with international, regional and local partners.

MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC AID FOR FARMS IN POLAND

Agricultural policy is an attempt to put into practice the laws of economic theory, in order to achieve goals defined by the State. This research, carried out on a sample of four groups of Polish farms, contributes to the question of how to improve short-term economic policy in order to stimulate market mechanisms for the long-term development of the sector. Using data from the Polish FADN for 2008-2019, the authors of the study apply the modified PSM method to determine the economic effects of changes taking place on farms. The research indicates that effective investments are the source of long-term development and economic success. At the same time, it shows that economic entities, by optimizing their microeconomic objective function, adjust investments to the objectives of public aid, which reduces the effectiveness of the use of financial resources.

Legal regulation of pawnshops in pre-revolutionary and Soviet civil legislation

The article examines the process of the origin and development of pawnshop activity in the Russian state in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. Special attention is paid to improving the conditions for granting loans to the population secured by property. The authors investigated the normative legal acts regulating the activities of pawnshops. It is noted that the creation of pawnshops was due to the need to rid the population of usurious oppression and the search for new sources of replenishment of the state treasury. The analysis of the sources of legal regulation shows that in the pre-revolutionary period there was a gradual transfer of the work of pawnshops from the public sphere to the private – the organisational and legal forms of pawnshops were improved, the system of control over their activities changed. The chronological framework of the study also includes the Soviet stage of the formation of pawnshop activity, which is poorly studied. After the temporary cessation of pawnshops, the process of its revival began within the framework of a new economic policy in order to improve consumer services for the population. The authors reveal the contribution of pawnshops to the preservation of citizens' property during the Axis-Soviet War. The analysis of the history of pawnshop activity allowed us to conclude about the social role of pawnshops and their importance for maintaining the financial situation of the population, which indicates the need for the development of pawnshop activity at the present stage.

Study of International trade relation of India with ASEAN

The massive expansion of world trade has been one of the most important occurrences in postwar economic history. In comparison to the rest of the world, Indian trade increased slowly but steadily from 1950 to 1980. The Indian government began a series of reforms in mid-1991 to liberalize and globalize the Indian economy. Since1991, India's economy has pursued a liberalization program. International trade is a critical strategic tool for a country's economic success. As a result, India has shifted away from inward-looking economic policies in order to compete in the global economy (Ratna & Kallummal, 2013). The current article focuses on India's new strategic participation in international trade through free trade agreements (FTAs) and regional trade agreements (RTAs).

WITHDRAWN: Demographic analysis of global migration

Migration is one of the important determinants of economic growth and the strengthening of the workforce at the international and national levels, it is one of the foundations for the economic planning of countries. In the second half of the twentieth century, international trade and capital flows increased, and international migration began to increase at the end of the nineties, especially the migration of skilled workers, cash transfers and the flow of money to developing countries took place as a result of the great disparity between the population of the North and the South in population growth and per capita income. New economic policies in order to benefit from immigrants in supporting the economy of the countries of immigration to them. The World Bank began preparing research and studies and publishing data for international migration. The paper sheds light on one of the important issues that engaged the world, namely international migration, especially after the spread of the phenomenon of illegal immigration and the suffering of those countries from the economic and political consequences of that migration, in this paper the statistical data published by the United Nations on migration were analyzed according to some statistical equations, taking into account the presentation and analysis of data according to regions, in addition to the analysis of World Bank data classified according to the development of countries and to the level of income, we conclude that the third population countries were the main source of migrants, which thy like to improve their livelihood, in addition the developed and rich countries must find complete solutions to the problems of the third world in order to fluctuate from immigration, which has become a heavy burden on developed countries.

Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in ASEAN + 6 countries: a new look

This study examines the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions for 16 ASEAN + 6 countries during 1995–2014. The baseline model is built upon a theoretical framework that bridges and extends the STIRPAT model and the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Four types of emissions are considered for comparison and completeness. Panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed as the main estimation technique, while feasible general least square (FGLS) and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors estimations are employed as a robustness check. The findings support an integrated approach to reforming economic policies in order to tackle greenhouse gas emissions challenges.

Economic Ordering Policies for Growing Items (Poultry) with Trade-Credit Financing

Numerous economic order quantity (EOQ) models have by and large been ascertained for assembling items. Several distinctive EOQ models have been anticipated in order to incorporate the significant features related to a particular class of items. This paper intends a model aimed at a particular class of inventory i.e. growing items. Some genuine instances of growing items are poultry and livestock. We commence by intending a wide-ranging scientific model, that might be utilized for several categories of growing items, trailed by a specific numerical model considering a certain category of chickens. The model aims to ascertain the optimum order quantity of the items to be ordered in the beginning of a cycle, the optimum length of the growing cycle and the optimum total profit of the retailer in the presence of allowable deferment in payments. Numerical examples are provided to represent the model. A sensitive study is exhibited to examine the impact of the primary factors of the model as far as it’s decision variables and objective function are considered.

The role of information and communication technologies in mitigating carbon emissions: evidence from panel quantile regression.

The objective of the study is to analyze the dynamic linkages between technology factors and carbon emission in a panel of 26 selected European countries from 2000 to 2017. The results of the panel fixed-effect regression model show the monotonic increasing function between agriculture technology and carbon emissions. In contrast, panel quantile regression confirmed the inverted U-shaped 'Agriculture Technology Kuznets curve (ATKC)' of carbon emissions at 30th quantile distribution to 80th quantile distribution with the turning points of 12,60,000 tractors to 9,68,000 tractors, respectively. The results further exhibit the negative relationship between high-technology exports and carbon emissions, as high-technology exports have a positive impact on environmental quality in order to reduce carbon emissions across countries. The relationship between ICT goods exports and carbon emissions is complimentary, while R&D expenditures have a negative relationship with carbon emissions in a given period. The study substantiates the 'pollution haven hypothesis (PHH)' that is controlled by trade liberalization policies. The telephone and mobile penetrations have a differential impact on carbon emissions in both of the prescribed statistical techniques, which needs fair economic policies in order to delimit carbon emissions through green ICT infrastructure. The results further exhibit the 'material footprint' that is visible at the earlier stages of economic development while it is substantially decreasing at the later stages to verify 'environmental Kuznets curve (EKC)' hypothesis with a turning point of US$45,700. Finally, the study shows the positive relationship between industry value-added and carbon emissions that sabotaged the process of green development across countries. The study concludes that green ICT infrastructure is imperative for sustainable production and consumption, and climate change protection with cleaner production techniques and environmental regulations that reshape the international policies towards sustained growth.

INVESTIGATION THE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT THE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

With the development of market relations, the urgency of defining new approaches in the management of scientific and technological progress, which provides innovative development of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of development of the intellectual property protection system, their impact on the innovation activities of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and to develop approaches to effective implementation of innovations in their activities. In the process of writing general theoretical methods were used. The system method was used in the study of theoretical aspects of innovative technologies. The method of analysis is used to characterize the receipt of applications for inventions in Ukraine. With the help of abstract-logical substantiated and presented conclusions and proposals for the development of effective mechanisms for implementing the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. Currently, the most pressing problem of increasing the competitiveness of the economy and high-quality economic growth is the creation and implementation of a systematic approach to the protection and management of intellectual property in Ukraine to make fuller use of national intellectual results and scientific and technological progress. We believe that although in recent years in Ukraine enough attention has been paid to the problems of development of the intellectual property protection system and its regulatory support, but the implementation of the main provisions of these regulations is inadequate. As evidenced by the dynamics of applications for inventions, so in 2019 they received 3852 against 4495 in 2015, respectively. The number of applications from national applicants during the period under review did not change, and from foreign applicants — decreased by 5.7 %, which in indicates the distrust of the latter to the economic and political situation in Ukraine. Critical assessments of the situation in the domestic sphere of intellectual property protection, in particular objects of industrial property rights, are confirmed by data from international and national official sources. The data presented in the article show that the existing system of intellectual property management is inefficient and does not meet modern priorities of technological development and requirements for economic growth. Taking into account the socio-economic features of today, we have proposed priority organizational and economic measures to develop effective mechanisms to strengthen the role of intellectual property in the implementation of the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. In particular we need: 1. To promote the gradual creation of a national network of commercialization and transfer of technologies and innovations based on the organization of regional centers. 2. To develop programs and incentives for scientific and technological partnership between government agencies in the academic, sectoral and educational sectors of science and industry. It is also advisable to develop a legal framework for the possibility of establishing a scientific and technological cluster by state organizations and private enterprises. 3. Reduce by 80–75 % the current rates of fees for patenting inventions and utility models. 4. Develop and implement mechanisms of state support for patenting inventions abroad, created in accordance with the priorities of technological development of the country, etc. The proposed recommendations for developing effective mechanisms to strengthen the role of intellectual property in implementing the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy should be adapted to the guidelines of modern economic policy in order to accelerate the restructuring of national policy based on innovative development model and economical knowledges.

The Perils of Jirga and the Miserable Plight of Women

This study was conducted to critique and asses the institution of Jirga and its practice of Swara. The data was collected through vis-à-vis semi-structured interviews from the Jirgees and Swaras, the two most proximate stakeholders of the institution of Jirga. For the analysis of data, the tool of Thematic Analysis, developed by Braun and Clarke (2015), was used. The findings of the study show that Jirga — besides being unconstitutional — is involved in multifarious inhumane practices and its members are mostly uneducated. Its decisions are completely void of the canon international law and human rights. Jirga is involved in the felonious practice of Swara. Swaras — women atoned by Jirga in reprisal for an offence — are living wretched lives facing multifarious forms of violence, discrimination, humiliation and other forms of inhumane behaviors. Besides, they are suffering from depression, inferiority complexes, suicidal attempts, malnutrition, verbal abuse, etc. The findings also imply that illiteracy, passivity and condonement of the judiciary and law enforcing agencies, and the higher rate of crimes in the area are the factors contributing to the practice of Swara. In the light of the findings, the researcher recommends that the practice of reprisal reiterated by Jirga should be completely extirpated. Education should be disseminated and the government and law enforcing agencies should work in proximity to mitigate the rate of crimes in the area. The government should frame inclusive economic policies in order to promote peace and prosperity in the area.