Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in ASEAN + 6 countries: a new look

Abstract

This study examines the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions for 16 ASEAN + 6 countries during 1995–2014. The baseline model is built upon a theoretical framework that bridges and extends the STIRPAT model and the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Four types of emissions are considered for comparison and completeness. Panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed as the main estimation technique, while feasible general least square (FGLS) and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors estimations are employed as a robustness check. The findings support an integrated approach to reforming economic policies in order to tackle greenhouse gas emissions challenges.