Economic Policies In Order Research Articles

Information and Communication Technologies and Regional Policy: What Can We Learn from Evaluations of Policy Instruments

ICT shall continue to be a driver of economic growth but as the diffusion process does not occur evenly across regions and the potential gains are not evenly distributed across regions, economic policy is challenged at the regional level. But what is the scope of regional economic policy in order to shape the regional economic impact of ICT? Within this context the results of the empirical investigations of five regional economic policy instruments which have been implemented in Salzburg are reviewed. The performance of the policy interventions has been a mixed one. It is concluded that a key element which determines the scope for regional policy and its success is its appropriate relation to policy at the federal level, and that public expenditure has to be adequately complemented for a policy intervention to become successful.

An efficient evolutionary computation approach for the vending machine inventory control problem

This paper considers the policy of economic order quantity for the geographically distributed vending machine inventory control problem. In the problem, the economic order policy for each product and the quantity of each type of product for every vending machine are to be decided simultaneously so as to maximize the total expected profit. Due to each ordering cost follows the corresponding skip function, the proposed problem belongs to the polynomial concave problem. Also, the optimal economic ordering quantity is based on the random demand for each type of product in different vending machine. Since the above reasons, it will be very hard to find the close form solution effectively and efficiently by using the mathematical programming approaches. In this research, a hybrid evolutionary computation (EC) approach has been applied to solve the problem efficiently and effectively. Experimental results are presented to exhibit the superior performance of the proposed methodology for solving the economic order quantity with quantity discount problem.

Grand Strategy and Foreign Economic Policy: British Grand Strategy in the 1930s

Variation in the need for military and political support from military allies affects the degree to which foreign economic policies will discriminate in favor of military allies and against adversaries and other countries. Powers in need of such support will pursue discriminatory foreign economic policies in order to change the configuration of domestic interests to favor not only closer economic relations but also closer political relations. By strengthening domestic support for an alliance, policymakers make it more difficult for their allies to renege on alliance commitments. Stronger political relations in turn reinforce the deterrent effect of the alliance. Because the net strategic benefits from closer relations in their case are lower, powers that can go it alone without support from allies will refrain from discriminatory policies. Shifts in strategic need make it possible to explain variation in the links between security considerations and foreign economic policies within alliances over time and also across alliances. British grand strategy in the 1930s illustrates how shifts in strategic need influence the degree to which foreign economic policies discriminate in favor of potential military allies.

Structural change and macroeconomic policy: the case of Greece (1981–85)

This article examines one aspect of ‘alternative economic strategies’ which seek to introduce planning and other interventionist economic policies in order to promote structural change. Experience has shown, most recently in France and Greece in the 1980s, that such strategies are often abandoned because of macro-economic imbalances, such as current account crises. Thus it seems that a crucial aspect of such strategies should be the co-ordination of short-term, or macro-economic, policies with longer-term supply-side policies. The interest in the Greek experiment (1981–85) lies in the fact that the Greek socialists were aware of the need for such co-ordination and their strategy for ‘stabilization through development’ and ‘gradual adjustment’ was formulated for this purpose. This article looks at the economic theory underlying this approach and the implementation of the strategy. However it is argued that the degree of control necessary for the successful implementation of the strategy was lacking. The fa...

Joint Economic Ordering Policies of Multiple Wholesalers and a Single Manufacturer with Price-dependent Demand Functions

The economic ordering policies for multiple regional wholesalers and the production lot-sizing policy for a single manufacturer have been studied in a joint analysis under the assumption that the yearly demands of each region are functions of their respective retail proces. We obtained optimum EOQs for both linear and constant price elasticity demand functions. Although normally the wholesalers would order in quantities equal to their EOQs, they are encouraged to purchase in different quantities by the producer providing compensation to offset the wholesalers' increased costs. The production lot-size is determined to minimize the overall production cost.

Joint Economic Ordering Policies of Multiple Wholesalers and a Single Manufacturer with Price-dependent Demand Functions

The economic ordering policies for multiple regional wholesalers and the production lot-sizing policy for a single manufacturer have been studied in a joint analysis under the assumption that the yearly demands of each region are functions of their respective retail proces. We obtained optimum EOQs for both linear and constant price elasticity demand functions. Although normally the wholesalers would order in quantities equal to their EOQs, they are encouraged to purchase in different quantities by the producer providing compensation to offset the wholesalers' increased costs. The production lot-size is determined to minimize the overall production cost.

Joint Economic Ordering Policies of Multiple Wholesalers and a Single Manufacturer with Price-Dependent Demand Functions

Joint Economic Ordering Policies of Multiple Wholesalers and a Single Manufacturer with Price-Dependent Demand Functions

THE NATION'S BUDGET AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S BUDGET*

THE NATION'S BUDGET AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S BUDGET*