Analysis Of Economic Performance Research Articles

Economic sustainability of quality wine districts in the South of Italy. The case of Vulture

The paper presents an analysis of economic performance and long-term sustainability of the quality wine production in the Vulture District, in the South of Italy. This case is considered as it is representative of many Italian quality wine districts that produce a very large variety of high quality wines, and present, in almost all cases, a fragmented structure in small and micro farms. The analysis aims to two objectives. First is the assessing of current financial profitability of micro grape wine farms. Second is the analysing of the feasibility and impact of process innovations and structural adjustments. According to the results of the analysis, a large majority of grape wine farms are currently producing with negative returns on the investment. Financial and economic sustainability could be improved at least for a share of them with the available process innovations, combined with consolidation of the farm structures to reduce land fragmentation. The results are relevant for the design of public policies and private investment strategies.

Economic Sustainability of Quality Wine Districts in the South of Italy. The Case Of Vulture

The paper presents an analysis of economic performance and long-term sustainability of the quality wine production in the Vulture District, in the South of Italy. This case is considered as it is representative of many Italian quality wine districts that produce a very large variety of high quality wines, and present, in almost all cases, a fragmented structure in small and micro farms. The analysis aims to two objectives. First is the assessing of current financial profitability of micro grape wine farms. Second is the analysing of the feasibility and impact of process innovations and structural adjustments. According to the results of the analysis, a large majority of grape wine farms are currently producing with negative returns on the investment. Financial and economic sustainability could be improved at least for a share of them with the available process innovations, combined with consolidation of the farm structures to reduce land fragmentation. The results are relevant for the design of public policies and private investment strategies.

Municipal solid waste management: Integrated analysis of environmental and economic indicators based on life cycle assessment

This paper develops a method to analyze municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) that integrates environmental and economic indicators using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The method was tested in the city of Sorocaba, Brazil, a medium size municipality typical of many developing countries. Environmental impacts were analyzed considering system expansion, which combined the aspects of primary production and recycling processes with the impacts of MSWMS. The economic analysis included operating and investment costs to the costs of environmental externalities, thus enabling the analysis of total costs to society. An integrated analysis of environmental indicators revealed that the most significant reductions in environmental impacts occurred in the scenarios with higher rates of reuse of dry waste through recycling (70%), which lowered these impacts by up to 50% when compared to the current scenario. An analysis of economic performance indicated that the two scenarios that combined the highest recycling goals with greater transport efficiency and more composting yielded the best results, reducing the total social costs by 31% and 33%, respectively. Lastly, the integration of environmental and economic analyses revealed that the best results are obtained by a combination of composting, mechanical biological treatment and recycling, which would reduce the impacts of MSWMS by up to 33.7 points per invested dollar. The results supports the application of this proposed integrate approach to improve the current solid waste management system in Sorocaba and in other cities with a similar system and waste generation.

Implementation of controlling technologies as a method to increase sustainability of the enterprise activities

We are currently facing that business environment is not stable due to globalisation processes in economics, cyclical changes and other disturbing factors. Hence, it is necessary to search such reserves that would improve efficiency of the business entity. The main objective of these reserves is to buffer negative impacts of external disturbances on financial and economic sustainability of enterprises. One of methods designed to improve the enterprise efficiency involves application of controlling technologies. In the present article the author examines results of statistical analysis of economic performance of more than 70 Russian and foreign enterprises. The author also analyses economic performance according to the author's integral indicator that shows effectiveness of primary implementation of the controlling system. On the ground of this analysis, the author determines the mean level of increase in efficiency of the enterprise's activity due to introduction of the controlling system. The analysis proves that, on average, efficiency of the economic entity's operation increases by about 17%.

Catenary-Free Tramway Systems: Functional and Cost\u2013Benefit Analysis for a Metropolitan Area

New tramway technologies such as “ground-level power supply systems” fit with the purpose of preserving historical heritage and urban environments of city centers. Such public transportation systems do not require a traditional air supply system (+ 750 V) and are therefore referred to as “catenary-free systems” (i.e., APS system, tramwave system, Primove system). Their implementation is becoming increasingly widespread, especially for cities with prestigious historical heritage, where high levels of environmental sustainability, capacity, reliability and safety standards are required. The study compares some of the most well-known and novel catenary-free systems for the creation of a 68-km tramway system, to be implemented in a metropolitan city. For each of the 7 new tramways, AIMSUN microsimulations were run to identify the most appropriate tramway track geometry and road section to minimize the interference with the vehicle activity. Moreover, for each system a financial and economic performance analysis has been carried out for an investment of about 869 million euros, while taking into account different scenarios of transportation demand. In addition, a cost–benefit analysis of the tramway lines investment project has been presented, including the calculation of the financial net present value, the economic net present value, rate of return of the investment and cost–benefit ratio. The analysis demonstrates that the APS ground-level power supply system is a proven alternative with greater economic and financial performance.

An economic analysis of export performance of processed vegetables in India

Indian processed vegetables in International markets accelerate the growth of Indian economy. Studying the changes in share of processed vegetables to different countries, improve the welfare of farmers, processers and exporters. In this regard, an attempt was made to quantify the changing structure of Indian processed vegetables exports. The main objective of the present study was to analysis the growth and the direction of trade in processed vegetables export. In this regard, secondary data, mainly quantity of processed vegetables exports from India was collected from APEDA, for a period of 1995-96 to 2017-18. Growth rates was estimated by using the exponential growth model and the Markov chain analysis model was computed through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major Indian processed vegetables export markets using Lingo Programming computer package. Accordingly, processed vegetables export market have positive double digit growth rate, UK retained 22.5 per cent, countries pooled under ‘others category’ retained 32.4 percent of share of Indian processed vegetables export. That the countries pooled under ‘others category’ and UK would be the more stable importers of the processed vegetables from India in future and country like Germany and Netherland was not found as the stable importer.

Conversion Technologies: Evaluation of Economic Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis for Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the conversion technologies of MSW. This study optimizes MSW conversion technologies using a PNS tool, the “process graph” (P-graph). The four highest compositions (i.e., food waste, agriculture waste, paper, and plastics) of MSW generated in Malaysia were optimized using a P-graph. Two types of conversion technologies were considered, biological conversion (anaerobic digestion) and thermal conversion (pyrolysis and incinerator), since limited data were available for use as optimization input. All these conversion technologies were compared with the standard method used: landfilling. One hundred feasible structure were generated using a P-graph. Two feasible structures were selected from nine, based on the maximum economic performance and minimal environmental impact. Feasible structure 9 was appointed as the design with the maximum economic performance (MYR 6.65 billion per annum) and feasible structure 7 as the design with the minimal environmental impact (89,600 m3/year of greenhouse gas emission).

Economic analysis of export performance of major Indian spices

India is often referred as the “spice hub of the world” because of its larger production and export potentiality of spices in the world. The present study examines the direction of trade of major spices export from India to different destinations during 1995-96 to 2016-17. The study utilizes Markov chain analysis and calculate the transitional probability matrices for all major spices to determine the direction of spices export from India. The total study period has been divided into two periods based on National Horticulture Mission viz., pre-NHM (1995-96 to 2005-06) and post-NHM (2006-07 to 2016-17). The study revealed that the retention capacity of export destinations for Indian chilli increased after National Horticulture Mission. However, many major importers have registered lesser retention probability in majority of spices during post-NHM period owing to the increased production in the competing countries like China, Bangladesh and Turkey. Besides this, volatility in international prices of spices has led to decrease in foreign exchange earnings from spice trade. Steps need to be taken to maintain the same level of foreign exchange earnings as before so that more new importers in the market can be reached and India should develop modern infrastructure to encash this competitive advantage.

Uncertainty analysis of energy and economic performances of hybrid solar photovoltaic and combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP + PV) systems using a Monte-Carlo method

This study examines the impacts of uncertainties in energy demands and solar resources on the energy and economic performances of hybrid solar photovoltaic and combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP + PV) systems with variations in PV penetration levels. This study investigates two models: a deterministic and stochastic model. The deterministic model uses hourly demands of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reference large office building in San Francisco, CA and solar irradiance profiles in the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data as the independent variables. The stochastic model accounts for uncertainties in these independent variables using a Monte-Carlo method. The results show that regardless of PV penetration levels, the uncertainties in building energy demands and solar irradiance marginally influence the energy performance of CCHP + PV systems; however, they can notably increase annual operating costs up to $75,000 per year (13%). The annual cost increase is mainly attributed to a significant increase in demand charges (up to $79,000 per year). The demand charges tend to increase with higher uncertainties in the peak demand. The results suggest that in cases of the demand charge being responsible for a large portion in electricity bills (i.e., demand tariffs), a deterministic model tends to underestimate operating costs of CCHP + PV systems or other analogous distributed energy systems compared to a stochastic model. The errors with the deterministic model can become more extreme when demand charges outweigh energy charges.

Performance analysis of a micro-combined heating and power system with PEM fuel cell as a prime mover for a typical household in North China

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells produce a large amount of waste heat while generating electricity through electrochemical reactions, making them suitable for driving combined heating and power (CHP) systems. According to the hourly thermal and electric loads in a typical North China household, a 2-kW PEM fuel cell-based micro-CHP system with a lithium-ion battery energy storage system is proposed in this paper. The thermal and economic performances of the micro-CHP system with a lithium-ion battery (CHPWB) and a CHP system without a lithium-ion battery (CHPWOB) are comparatively analyzed by developing a thermal and economic performance analysis model on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The thermal-load-following strategy is adopted during the design and simulation process. The results indicate that the storage capacity of the lithium-ion battery decreases by 6.6% after one cycle. The lithium-ion battery can be charged by the fuel cell stack during off-peak hours or using commercial electricity, and the charging cycle of the system is one week long. The average total efficiency of the CHPWB system can reach 81.24% with considering the energy loss in each conversion process, which is 11.02% higher than that of the CHPWOB system. The daily hydrogen consumption of the CHPWB system can be reduced by 14.47% compared with the CHPWOB system under the same operating conditions, and the average daily costs can be reduced by 8.4% and 9.5% when the lifespan is 10 and 15 years, respectively.

The economic performance of industrial and commercial rooftop photovoltaic in China

Due to its characteristics of nearby power generation, grid-connection, conversion and use, rooftop photovoltaic power generation has formed the advantages of less investment, flexible, efficient and environmental protection, with broad prospects for development. Therefore, studying its economic performance is of great significance to investment decision and policy improvement. Under the current technical cost and policy conditions of rooftop photovoltaic in China, this paper constructs a cost-benefit analysis model considering the impact of inflation on cash flow. The results show that: For small rooftop photovoltaic in China, first of all, under the existing subsidy price and cost, its investment payback period is short and the risk is low. Secondly, the average internal rate of return is more than 10%, and the levelized cost of electricity is 0.2727–0.5573CNY/kWh, so the economic performance is good. Then, although the subsidy price has been lowered twice in a row in 2018, its economic performance is still relatively good. Finally, in the economic performance analysis of rooftop photovoltaic, besides the influence of power generation capacity, loan interest rate, construction cost and other factors, the time value of capital and inflation are also factors that cannot be ignored.

Economic and environmental performance analysis of Polish energy companies

The tightening of the European Union climate and energy policy, directed to raising the resilience and effectiveness of the European Union Emissions Trading System, may influence on companies' economic performance. Polish energy companies, which mainly use coal in the energy production process, are particularly worried about the potential negative consequences associated with the implementation of new CO2 emission reduction targets and their participation in the European Union Emissions Trading System. This paper analyzes the link between economic performance and environmental performance of Polish energy companies, covered by the European Union Emissions Trading System in the years 2013-2017. This analysis may focus the attention of the European Union’s and Polish institutions responsible for developing the climate and energy policies on positive and negative consequences concerning the low-carbon transformation of the Polish energy sector. Two indicators of environmental performance: carbon intensity and the ratio of carbon dioxide emissions over the allowances, as well as chosen financial ratios: return on assets, return on investment, return on sales, asset turnover ratio are calculated for these companies. A Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used in order to analyze the relationship between these environmental and financial variables. Presented empirical results highlight that the situation of Polish enterprises worsened in the 3rd trading period, as the number of allocated allowances in case of all energy companies was insufficient to cover their own CO2 emission. A negative direction of the correlation dependency can be observed in the years 2013-2017 only between asset turnover ratio and return on assets, and the CO2 emission intensity.

Economic performance assessment of building integrated photovoltaic system with battery energy storage under grid constraints

In this work, a typical South Norwegian house with BIPV system is considered for potential application of on-site battery energy storage. Economic and technical operation performance analysis has revealed that such a system can perform techno-economically much better compared to its counterpart. Techno-economic performance of BIPV system with appropriate energy storage has been evaluated for grid power supply limits with appropriate energy tariff for minimizing the annualized energy cost. It has been assumed that the capital costs associated with PV has been included in the building mortgage and expected that in the near future, the grid power supply limits would be introduced and therefore the BIPV house owner may need to install the battery with additional investments and it may affect the techno-economic performance of the BIPV energy system. It has been observed that during month-wise appropriate grid power supply limits, battery with BIPV system can perform much better through energy throughput compare to other reported scenarios. The correlation analysis has been presented for techno-economic performance indicators and observed that there is a strong correlation among PV energy production and grid energy supply. Correlation analysis among the technical and economic performance indicators may be useful for techno-economic of BIPV system.

Asia's ‘little divergence’ in the twentieth century: evidence from PPP‐based direct estimates of GDP per capita, 1913–69

AbstractThis article uses expenditure‐based purchasing power parities (PPPs) to estimate GDP per capita in comparable prices for 12 Asian countries for six benchmark years during the period 1913–69. The article finds that in 1913 levels of real GDP per capita in several countries were comparable to those in Japan. GDP per capita in Japan and other Asian countries diverged during and after the First World War. The article questions whether Asia's ‘little divergence’ between Japan and other Asian countries dates back to the late eighteenth century. It draws attention to the different resource endowments of Japan, China, and India compared to other Asian countries, and their implications for the development trajectories of Asian countries. The article demonstrates that using historical PPP estimates yields estimates of GDP per capita that diverge from those based on retropolations of the single 1990 PPP‐converted benchmark year. It concludes that historical estimates of PPPs are needed to confirm analyses of comparative economic performance based on available GDP per capita data.

The Influence of Sustainability Disclosure on Firm Value’s with Board Involvement as A Moderating Variable: Evidence from Indonesia

The objective of this research was to find out the effects of the disclosure of Sustainability Reporting including the economic performance disclosure, environmental performance disclosure and social performance disclosure, and also the board involvement on the firm value. Sustainability disclosure is the company's effort to make the company accountable for all stakeholders, for the company’s performance goals towards sustainable development. The population of the research was the companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2015-2017. This research uses the content analysis method, namely the quantitative research, to find out the relationship between one independent variable (sustainability disclosure, covers economic, environmental and social performance disclosure) and the dependent variable (company performance) with the board involvement as the moderating variable. The results of the research indicated that the board involvement moderated the disclosures of economic, environmental and social performance towards the value of the company. Further research indicated that the disclosure of Sustainability Reporting that included the economic, environmental, and social performance disclosure, had significant effect to the company value, but it is negative. The negative value shows that the cost spent for the disclosure of the Sustainability Reporting is still greater than its effect towards of the firm value. Keywords: Sustainability Disclosure, Economic Performance, Environmental Performance, Social Performance, Board Involvement, Company Performance, and Content Analysis. DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-10-21 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОТРАЖЕНИЯ В УЧЕТЕ И ОТЧЕТНОСТИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ О РАСХОДАХ НА ПРИРОДООХРАННУЮ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ

Цель: выявление особенностей раскрытия информации об отражении расходов на природоохранную деятельность в регистрах бухгалтерского учета и отчетности экономического субъекта для укрепления уровня его экономической безопасности в рамках реализации политики в области экологического развития государства. Обсуждение: организация бухгалтерского учета экологических расходов позволяет выделить четыре уровня нормативного регулирования учета расходов на природоохранную деятельность, в рамках которых существенное внимание следует уделять содержанию основных положений учетной политики, отражающей особенности учета расходов на природоохранную деятельность и обязательств по ее сохранению. В ходе формирования информационной базы экономического анализа и контроля результативности природоохранной деятельности необходимо привлекать большой объем информации, в том числе доступной для различных субъектов природоохранной деятельности. Результаты: показано, что действующая система учета расходов на природоохранные мероприятия выступает надежным источником формирования достоверной информации о деятельности экономического субъекта и его преимуществах в конкурентной борьбе как производителя экологически чистой продукции (оказания услуг экологически надлежащего качества) в условиях планирования, контроля и анализа природоохранных расходов, снижения риска искажения информации об ухудшении финансового состояния и улучшении экологической эффективности деятельности экономического субъекта.

Review of techno-economic and environmental aspects of building small hydro electric plants – A case study in Serbia

Climate change mainly caused by increased greenhouse gases and reduced fossil fuel reserves, have launched a more intensive use of renewable energy on a global scale. One of the oldest types of the renewable sources is well known small hydro electric facility. In this paper description of small hydro plant location, selection of the turbine, sizing of the plant, connecting plant to the grid, as well as the legal aspect and environmental impact of the future facility in Serbia are presented and discussed. Besides, techno-economic analysis of future small hydro electric plant is presented and discussed. The main contribution of this paper is multidisciplinary approach to complex analysis of building, integration, economic performance and environmental impact of a small hydro-plant demonstrated on the specific site in Serbia. Finally, major barriers and threats for the growth of the small hydro-electric power capacity have been identified and proposals to increase the penetration level of the small hydro and other renewable sources into the grid in Serbia are made. To increase the contribution of the small hydro and other renewables in Serbia and South-East Europe countries, the gouverments should remove all the bariers and strongly encourage the investment in the renewable energy sector.

Standardization as Multifunctional Tool to Improve the Effectiveness of Analytical Procedures

Modern social and economic conditions require the development of new approaches to the organization and analysis of an economic entity performance. The article pays special attention to the system of analytical activities standardization in order to meet the information needs of stakeholders. The objective of the study is the author’s development of the system of standardization of the economic entity performance analysis. The methods of system research (analysis and synthesis), comparative analysis, and the method of analogies are used to solve the problems. The study is based on the study of current economic literature and the use of structural analysis. The following results are obtained on the basis of the analysis. First, the special features of analytical procedures as an object of standardization were identified. These features are the starting point to develop a system of economic analysis standardization. Second, the algorithm of standardization of management activities was formulated. This algorithm is a basis to build a system of economic analysis standards. Third, a model of interaction between the main groups of stakeholders and the economic entity in terms of analytical activity standardization is proposed and the need to standardize the analysis of financial and nonfinancial characteristics of business quality of the object under analysis is proved. Fourth, the process of analytical activities standardization is developed. The system of indicators to assess the quality of the system of standardization for analytical procedures is offered. The development of the standardization system of the business performance analysis is a very promising direction to improve the quality of business. Standardization of economic analysis opens up great opportunities to improve the quality of activities of economic entities, regardless of the specific scope of the evaluation study.

Analysis of yield gap and economic performance of Bengal gram through frontline demonstrations in Davanagere district of Karnataka

ICAR-Taralabalu Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Davanagere has organized front line demonstrations on integrated crop management of Bengal gram in 77 hectares covering 158 farmers in 9 villages for 8 years. The average yield of 3 demonstrated varieties was 744.38 kg/ha. and that of local check was 522.5 kg/ha. The average increase of demonstration yield over local check yield was 40.51 per cent. The average technology gap for 3 varieties was 355.62 kg/ha. and extension gap was 221.88 kg/ha. In 6 years out of 8 years under study technology gap was more than extension gap. The average technology index for 8 years was 31.57 per cent. The average gross return for demonstration and local check was Rs. 27557.76 and Rs. 19359.00, respectively. The average increase in gross return of demonstration over local check was 41.58 per cent. Average increase in net returns compared to demonstration over local check was 77.23 per cent. The frontline demonstrations on Bengal gram helped farmers to realize higher yield and income.

Economic Performance Analysis of Selected Blue Economy Sectors in Estonia and Finland

The study aims to assess productivity and efficiency of selected blue economy sectors in two neighbouring countries: Estonia and Finland. The analysis relies on the Amadeus database for both countries, implementing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and calculating partial productivity measures. The results of the study show that, on average, blue sectors report high performance indicators in coastal regions of the countries, the only exceptions being the tourism and bio and subsea activities sectors in Estonia and marine (cargo) transportation in Finland. The common pattern of imperfectly efficient blue sectors in both countries is a substantial excess of fixed assets, which convey extra costs for business activities and, to some extent, generate excessive environmental pressures. The special nature of a shared blue economic area of Estonia and Finland stipulates close cross-border cooperation as a major tool to improve performance of the imperfectly efficient sectors through shared “best practice” operations, technologies and infrastructures. However, the lack of appropriate cross-border statistical data restricts analytical opportunities and development of policy recommendations.