Economic Networks Research Articles

Diabetes self-management by Kenyan adults: Utilising the adapted Kawa River model

The outcome of diabetes management depends on diabetes self-management practices, in which factors assisting or hindering self-care play an essential role. This study identified enablers and barriers to diabetes self-management in adults diagnosed with diabetes in Kenya. The adapted Kawa River model was applied to collect data during semi-structured group discussions (n = 6). Adults (n = 32) diagnosed with diabetes at two geographically distinct county hospitals were purposively selected. The integrated model of behaviour prediction formed the theoretical platform of the study, and data were deductively analysed according to the distal variables in the model. Thematic analysis identified specific categories as enablers and barriers to diabetes self-management. The duplicated categories are economic determinants, dietary factors, support networks, and emotional influences. Health and physical status were identified as additional barriers to diabetes self-management. Findings may be more widely applicable than the context of the presented study. Self-management in diabetes care plays a crucial role, more so due to the worldwide increase in the prevalence of diabetes.

Are civilizations destined to collapse? Lessons from the Mediterranean Bronze Age

As the world faces multiple crises, lessons from humanity’s past can potentially suggest ways to decrease disruptions and increase societal resilience. From 1200 to 1100 BCE, several advanced societies in the Eastern Mediterranean suffered dramatic collapse. Though the causes of the Late Bronze Age Collapse are still debated, contributing factors may include a “perfect storm” of multiple stressors: social and economic upheaval, earthquake clusters, climate change, and others. We examined how collapse might have propagated through the societies’ connections by modeling the Eastern Mediterranean Late Bronze Age trade and socio-political networks. Our model shows that the Late Bronze Age societies made a robust network, where any single node’s collapse was insufficient to catalyze the regional collapse that historically transpired. However, modeled scenarios indicate that some paired node disruptions could cause cascading failure within the network. Subsequently, a holistic understanding of the region’s network incentive structures and feedback loops can help societies anticipate compounding risk conditions that might lead to widespread collapse and allow them to take appropriate actions to mitigate or adapt societal dependencies. Such network analyses may be able to provide insight as to how we can prevent a collapse of socio-political, economic and trade networks similar to what occurred at the end of the Late Bronze Age. Though such data-intensive analytics were unavailable to these Bronze Age regions, modern society may be able to leverage historical lessons in order to foster improved robustness and resilience to compounding threats. Our work shows that civilization collapses are preventable; we are not necessarily destined to collapse.

Routing Utility Transit Infrastructure: A Social Welfare Theory Approach

The construction of real estate for a wide range of purposes necessitates the creation of new infrastructure. This paper shows that the existing methodology for paying for connection to water supply and sanitation systems contains a significant drawback in the form of the creation of many overlapping networks instead of the construction of one common transit network. This approach leads to welfare losses for both society and developers. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ineffectiveness of the network routing approach, which is used in the methodology of payment for connection to water supply and sewerage systems from the standpoint of the theory of social welfare. The scientific hypothesis is that the creation of a large-diameter transit network in the future turns out to be less expensive than many separate sections of distribution networks of smaller diameter. In order to prove this point, the cost of construction and maintenance of networks is estimated in these two approaches, for which 118 tariff decisions for 85 regional capitals were analyzed. The data for the assessment is taken as the average of connection tariffs per unit length of a network of the corresponding diameter for 2022. Additionally, the potential for increasing the efficiency of land use in each of the two approaches was assessed. According to the results of the study, it was demonstrated that a fee from the developer, which involves the creation of common transit networks, is more preferable for all participants in the connection. This means that the sum total of costs within the local optimum will be higher than in the case of one global optimum for the territory as a whole, that is, the second case can be called the most subordinate to public interests. The theoretical significance of the work carried out lies in the graphic justification of the need to apply fees from developers when developing infrastructure. The practical significance of the work lies in the substantiation of the construction of a morphologically correct structure of the network economy.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММЕРЦИИ НА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

Due to the rapid development of the network economy, the use of the Internet and communication technologies (ICT) is becoming increasingly widespread, which makes it one of the most important development trends over the past few decades. The Internet and related technologies have a great impact on the operating model of e-commerce enterprises. Internet technologies and e-commerce provide businesses with new opportunities to compete in the global market and play an important role in the global economy. Although researchers have conducted various landmark studies in the field of e-commerce, this study will propose a theoretical model to make e-commerce development competitive based on an analysis of four levels of the global e-commerce environment. This model contains four levels of analysis: company level, industry level, national level and global level.

On the Global Economic Exploitation Process: Steady States and Stability Aspects for economic Networks with Scale-Free and Limited (Cut-Off) Transitions<br>—The Concrete Case of the European Union

On the Global Economic Exploitation Process: Steady States and Stability Aspects for economic Networks with Scale-Free and Limited (Cut-Off) Transitions<br>—The Concrete Case of the European Union

Connect Globally, Thrive Locally: The Spillover Effect of Sister-City Inward FDI on Regional Innovation

Sister cities are a prevalent form of subnational intergovernmental relationships. Such relationships can play an important role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). However, we know little about whether and how these relationships influence the localized impacts of FDI in host countries, which is pivotal in achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. By integrating the literature on FDI spillover and sister cities, our study proposes that the higher the FDI percentage received by a city from its sister city, the greater the number of patents applied for by firms in that city. Our sample consists of 7273 inward FDI projects into China from 1558 cities in 77 countries between 2003 and 2008. The analysis results support our assumption. We also find that this positive effect is stronger when FDI projects are from recently established sister cities, when the asymmetry in the global economic networks of the two sister cities is smaller, and when regional marketization in host-country is higher.

Elements That Shape Slum Integration. A Systematic Literature Review

Massive urbanization is considered to be one of the causes of population density that eventually triggers the creation of slums in a city. Slums are synonymous with poverty, crime, low education, and lack of infrastructure, making the area segregated from the formal urban space. Settlement communities have difficulty accessing facilities in the formal urban space. This study aims to formulate the elements that form the integration of slum areas. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The four stages in this SLR method are (1) identification; (2) screening; (3) eligibility; and (4) inclusion. A total of 62 articles were reviewed in this study. The results of this study are nineteen elements that form the integration of slum areas seen from physical and socio-economic aspects. If physical aspects include road network, accessibility, distance, public transportation, visual, public open space, periphery, settlement pattern, infrastructure, topography, and orientation, the socio-economic ones refer to local wisdom, background, social networks, types of activities, community empowerment, the sense of belonging, economic networks, and local economic empowerment. It is presumed that the results of this study can be used as guidelines for structuring slums so that they do not become marginalized areas or separate from formal urban areas.

SELECTION USING ENHANCED NORMAL FORM GAME THEORY BASED OPTIMIZATION APPROACH IN WSN

Heterogeneous network is a network connecting mobile station (MS) with different kinds of wireless network. It will provide an efficient network connection for mobile users. When considering various wireless access technologies, it's difficult to search out reliable criteria to pick out the most effective offered wireless heterogeneous network. . Game theory techniques have been receiving growing attention in recent years as they can be adopted in order to model and understand competitive and cooperative scenarios between rational decision makers.In this paper, our aim is to develop an economical wireless network choice algorithm which is optimized using enhanced Normal Form Optimization Algorithm which follows game theory based procedure . This algorithm is proposed for optimizing the heterogeneous wireless environment comprising universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) and long term evaluation (LTE). Further, within optimization algorithm resource allocation is considered as an objective function. The incorporated optimization algorithm is involved in the optimal computation process for reducing channel complexity through optimal solution estimation. The computation complexity of proposed Normal Form Optimization Algorithm with TOPSIS method (NFOA-TOPSIS) measured in terms of running time and network utilization is measured in terms of the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), throughput, simulation time, end-to-end delay and Power consumption. The simulation results expressed that the proposed NFOA provides reduced running time and increases PDR rather than conventional MADM (i.e., Hybrid Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)& Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution -Hybrid FHAP-TOPSIS) method. The reduce in running time implies reduced complexity of proposed scheme. Also, the increase in PDR and throughput leads to reduced end-to-end delay and power consumption resulted in efficient utilization of available channels in heterogeneous networks.

Pendampingan Pengusaha Mikro Pada Proses Pengurusan Izin Usaha Sertifikat Produksi Pangan Indistri Rumah Tangga

<p>This article is motivated by the fact that micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM) in Bendogerit Village, Sanan Wetan District, Blitar City are experiencing several obstacles in their development, especially in terms of business permits (NIB), home industry food production certificates (SPP-IRT) and halal certificates, so that This condition requires follow-up action, including assistance for UMKM in Bendogerit Village in arranging NIB, SPP-IRT and halal certificates. This community service is carried out using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. Assistance steps are carried out by conducting preliminary studies, understanding, analyzing problems, implementing actions, and evaluating implementation. This dedication resulted in findings namely; 1) UMKM players find it helpful to obtain business permits that comply with applicable regulations and social economic provisions. 2) UMKM players receive complete instructions and understanding of the process and procedures for obtaining economic business permits. 3) Obtain economic security guarantees that can be marketed in society. 4) Provide confidence to market and develop a healthy and halal economic network.</p>

HOW DOES ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND GOVERNANCE QUALITY AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR 26 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic freedom and governance quality on economic growth. Sustainable economic growth and the factors determining prosperity have long been of interest to researchers. Therefore, analyzing the impact of economic freedoms and governance quality on economic growth is crucial. This is particularly important in a region like the European Union, which has the world's largest economic network. Twenty six of the European Union countries were chosen for this purpose. The level of economic freedom by Fraser Institute, and the level of governance by Worldbank were used to analyze this relationship. The primary hypothesis of the study is that institutional factors will stimulate economic expansion. In order to examine this hypothesis, tests for cross-section dependency, heterogeneity, unit root, cointegration, and causality were conducted. Consequently, it has been determined that these factors contribute to economic growth throughout the period. It has been discovered that there are differences across nations, and the causes for these distinctions are discussed in the discussion section.

Research on the Impact of Online Marketing on Enterprise Performance: Analysis of Financial Statements Based on the Food Industry

With the development of network economy and e-commerce technology, the expansion of online marketing models for enterprises has become an inevitable trend. Online marketing has broken through the time and space limitations of merchants selling products. Enterprises use multimedia technology to interact with customers online, display products, and increase market sales. This article takes Uni President Enterprise as an example and uses case analysis method to analyze the financial performance of relevant financial indicators of Uni President Enterprise. Based on market conditions, it adjusts online marketing strategies, expands the brand awareness of the enterprise, enhances sales revenue, and improves financial performance, which has a positive effect.

Research on dynamic robust planning method for active distribution network considering correlation

The universality of load subjects in distribution network brings challenges to the reliability of distribution network planning results. In this paper, a two-stage dynamic robust distribution network planning method considering correlation is proposed. The method evaluates the correlation between random variables using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and converts the correlated random variables into mutually independent random variables by Cholesky decomposition and independent transformation; expresses the source-load uncertainty by a bounded interval without distribution, and describes the active distribution network planning as a dynamic zero-sum game problem by combining with the two-phase dynamic robust planning; use the Benders decomposition approach to tackle the issue; mathematical simulation is used to confirm the accuracy and efficacy of the method. The results show that the dynamic robustness planning method of active distribution network taking into account the correlation can accurately simulate the operation of active distribution network with uncertain boundaries, which enhances the reliability and economy of the active distribution network planning results.

Urban sector land use metabolism reveals inequalities across cities and inverse virtual land flows

Urban land is the primary scene for manufacturing and services providing, through which the economic activities and trade flows amplify and cascade, interacting the natural and human systems. However, our understanding of the spatial pattern, remote drivers, and coupled interwoven linkages of economic sectoral land use within and among cities remains inadequate. Here, we establish a novel sectoral urban land use inventory and a virtual land flow network for 13 cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji region in China to understand urban land use metabolism. Results show highly mixed distribution patterns of urban sectoral land use. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity exists among industries and across spatial scales. Urban virtual land flow presents inverse directions compared to agricultural land. Results also reveal inequalities in benefit-cost and supply chain networks across cities, and a wide range of control and exploitation relationships in the region. Our results suggest that Beijing and Tianjin, as main beneficiaries in the regional economic network, are responsible for collaborating intensively in Jing-Jin-Ji region and will be key in promoting sustainable development.

Cross-Network Weaponization in the Semiconductor Supply Chain

Abstract How do states’ positions across multiple and interconnected economic networks affect their power? The Weaponized Interdependence (WI) scholarship emphasizes that states centrally located in global economic networks have access to new sources of coercion. In this paper, we look at how their positions across multiple networks interact with each other to create new opportunities and vulnerabilities. We use network analysis to map the semiconductor supply chain and show that it can be viewed as four interrelated networks: (1) design, (2) raw material, (3) manufacturing equipment, and (4) assembled chips. We then highlight how states’ centrality varies across these networks and how it shapes their respective opportunities for coercion. Looking specifically at the United States, we emphasize how its centrality in the design network enables it to weaponize chokepoints in the trade network of assembled chips. In so doing the paper makes three contributions. First, it highlights how interactions among multiple economic networks provide new opportunities for states to weaponize interdependence. Second, it contributes to recent attempts using network analysis to analyze structural power on the global stage. Last, it demonstrates how network methodology can help detect potential (ab)uses of WI and how the potential for weaponization evolves over time.

ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES NETWORK STRUCTURES: PROJECT CONTEXTSм

The article examines the concept of economic security, as well as substantiates the practical of ensuring the economic security of network structures using a project approach. On the basis of which, the ratio of the main components of economic security enterprises network structures in the context of project aspects is proposed. A comprehensive study of ensuring the economic security network structures was conducted. The algorithm for strengthening the security component of enterprise network structures with the identification of the relevant stages is substantiated.

Формування когнітивної складової професійного мислення студентів в умовах цифрової трансформації вищої освіти

The article considers the ways of forming the cognitive component of students' professional thinking in the context of digital transformation of higher education. European trends that affect the quality of educational services are highlighted; attention is focused on the problems of globalisation, the use of artificial intelligence and robotics, the use of cloud technologies, which together affect the nature of human life and the peculiarities of the development of educational institutions. Among the newest ways to solve these problems, the article highlights the following: creation of a digital educational environment for professional training of specialists competitive in the employment market. It is proved that digital transformation is of great importance in the globalised world, and the modernisation of education is aimed at solving the latest global problems. The article identifies the following modern trends in information development that influence the process of digitalisation of education: development of artificial intelligence, "machine learning", neural networks; further development of mobile-oriented tools; widespread introduction of blockchain and cryptocurrency technologies; the development of cloud computing and virtualisation technologies, cloud computing technologies; the development of augmented reality and virtual reality; widespread introduction of chatbots and virtual assistants, etc. The article considers the trends of digitalisation of the educational environment in higher education institutions in Germany and Austria, including digital ecosystems, which in the form of open learning systems offer the latest design structure for using the possibilities of modern digitalisation in the network economy. It is proved that SMART-education provides new opportunities related to the use of e-learning technologies; ensures mobility and accessibility of educational information; allows the format of autonomy of the teacher and students using mobile devices in the educational process; makes it possible to provide flexible educational services in terms of individual capabilities of the master's student; provides support for individual programmes for the personal development of each student.

RETRACTED: Yang et al. An Adaptive Hierarchical Network Model for Studying the Structure of Economic Network. Entropy 2022, 24, 702.

This journal retracts the article, 'An Adaptive Hierarchical Network Model for Studying the Structure of Economic Network' [...].

Multistage reliability-constrained stochastic planning of diamond distribution network: An approximate dynamic programming approach

In this paper, a multistage reliability-constrained stochastic planning model is established for the diamond distribution network, a new type of distribution system grid structure, with the goal of optimizing the total cost of investment and operation. The uncertainty of load growth is simulated by generating multiple load growth scenarios, and the power supply loss caused by the reliability of components in the system is also considered. The multistage stochastic dynamic decision process is modeled by The Markov decision process. In order to solve the “curse of dimensionality” problem in multi-stage stochastic planning model, the approximate dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve it. The case study is based on the typical structure of the diamond distribution network and realistic data of an actual district in Shanghai, China. The planning results verify the effectiveness of the model and the solution algorithm, and demonstrate the reliability and economy of the diamond distribution network are superior to the traditional double-ring network.

Maritime Transport Network in Korea: Spatial-Temporal Density and Path Planning

The increase in maritime traffic and vessel size has strengthened the need for economical and safe maritime transportation networks. Currently, ship path planning is based on past experience and shortest route usage. However, the increasing complexity of the marine environment and the development of autonomous ships require automatic shortest path generation based on maritime traffic networks. This paper proposes an efficient shortest path planning method using Dijkstra’s algorithm based on a maritime traffic network dataset created by extracting maritime traffic routes through a spatial-temporal density analysis of large-scale AIS data and Delaunay triangulation. Additionally, the depth information of all digital charts in Korea was set as a safety contour to support safe path planning. The proposed network-based shortest path planning method was compared with the path planning and sailing distance of a training ship, and compliance with maritime laws was verified. The results demonstrate the practicality and safety of the proposed method, which can enable the establishment of a safe and efficient maritime transportation network along with the development of autonomous ships.

Heterogeneity and dynamics in network models

SummaryWe propose an empirical spatial modeling framework that allows for both heterogeneity and dynamics in economic network connections. We establish the model's stationarity and ergodicity properties and show that the model's implied filter is invertible. While highly flexible, the model is straightforward to estimate by maximum likelihood. We apply the model to three datasets for Eurozone sovereign credit risk over the period Dec‐2009 to Dec‐2022. Accounting for both heterogeneity and time‐variation turns out to be empirically important both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. The new model uncovers intuitive patterns that would go unnoticed in either homogeneous and/or static spatial financial network models.