Economic Motives Research Articles

Analysis of the Determining Factors of Generation Z's Interest in Working in the Agricultural Sector In Bima Regency

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the high interest of generation Z in Bima Regency in choosing to work in the agricultural sector. This research aims to analyze the influence of various factors, such as family economic conditions, environment, personality, motivation, and farming experience, on Generation Z's interest in choosing to work in the agricultural sector in the Bima Regency area. The type of research used is quantitative-descriptive. The population is generation Z, aged 15–24 years, who work as farmers or in the agricultural sector in six sub-districts in Bima Regency, namely Lambu, Monta, Wera, Langgudu, Belo, and Sape, with a total sample of 322 respondents. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation using questionnaire instruments and Google Forms. The data analysis was carried out using the multiple linear regression method. The results of the analysis show that partially family economic factors, environment, personality, motivation, and farming experience have a positive and significant effect on generation Z's interest in working in the agricultural sector in Bima Regency. Meanwhile, simultaneously, family economic variables, environment, personality, motivation, and farming experience have a positive and significant effect on generation Z's interest in working in the agricultural sector in Bima Regency.

The Influence of Economic Motivation, Gender, Perception, Family Environment, and Work Environment on Students' Interest in Becoming a Public Accountant

The Influence of Economic Motivation, Gender, Perception, Family Environment, and Work Environment on Students' Interest in Becoming a Public Accountant

Adaptability of buildings: a systematic review of current research

The construction industry and associated processes emit about 40%–50% of greenhouse gasses globally, making buildings’ lifelong impact on the environment inevitable. Although research and development stakeholders have directed their focus on various sustainable, recycled, and upcycled building materials, as well as circular designs and construction methods to reduce the adverse effects of environmental challenges, researchers have not yet fully addressed a building’s post-use treatment. Considering that the gap still remains in knowledge concerning how to fully achieve net-zero waste and emissions from construction materials, designs, and processes at the end of a building’s life, this study contributes a concise definition of the concept of adaptability with a holistic review to understand Design for Adaptability (DfA) and its potential to reduce the need for unnecessary new construction and eliminate potential waste. This review used the PRISMA guidelines approach to gather key insights from various articles on the concept of adaptability that are relevant to the scope of buildings. Moreover, this review identifies potential areas of further research that could boost confidence in the use of adaptable strategies in the future. A total of 50 articles out of 170 articles were chosen through a selection process involving a new set of inclusion and exclusion criteria based on PRISMA guidelines. The findings show that demographical, technological, and economic motivations drive adaptability’s functional, environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, the regulatory, technical, economic, and social barriers hinder its implementation in construction processes. The findings also demonstrate that various promising frameworks for assessing adaptability still lack comprehensive guidelines, assessment, and validation methods for the overall implementation of adaptable strategies. Existing frameworks are mostly limited to spatial assessment of the reuse of spaces and do not account for the structural flexibility and performance of load-bearing building elements despite the fact that most assessed papers were from the engineering field. Nevertheless, this paper concludes that adaptability strategies can be implemented early during the construction of new buildings or during the repurposing of existing buildings, with the end goal being to increase the longevity of the use of structures, prevent premature demolition, and minimize unnecessary construction waste.

Analisis Penyebaran Hoax Di Media Sosial Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Masyarakat

The spread of hoaxes on social media has become a serious problem in society. This research aims to analyze the factors that cause the spread of hoaxes, the characteristics of hoax content, a well as their impact on society. The research method used is the study of literature and content analysis from various online news sources. The results showed that the main factors of the spread of hoaxes were lack of digital literacy., economic motivation, and political polarization. Hoax content generally spreads quickly, has sensational titles, and contains inaccurate information. The impact of hoaxes on society includes confusion, social conflict, and a decline in public trust. This research concludes that comprehensive efforts from the government, media, and the public are needed to overcome the hoax problem. This research aims to analyze the causes, patterns of spread, and the impact of hoaxes on social media on the community. The research methods used are literature studies and content analysis from various trusted sources. Patterns of spreading hoaxes generally utilize sicial media algorithms to achieve a wide reach quickly. The negative impact of hoaxes on society is very diverse, ranging from triggering social confilcts, affecting public opinion, to threatening political stability and national security. This shows the urgency of handing hoaxes comprehensively, involving the role of government, social media platforms, and the public.

Modeling the Regional Distribution of International Travelers in Spain to Estimate Imported Cases of Dengue and Malaria: Statistical Inference and Validation Study.

Understanding the patterns of disease importation through international travel is paramount for effective public health interventions and global disease surveillance. While global airline network data have been used to assist in outbreak prevention and effective preparedness, accurately estimating how these imported cases disseminate locally in receiving countries remains a challenge. This study aimed to describe and understand the regional distribution of imported cases of dengue and malaria upon arrival in Spain via air travel. We have proposed a method to describe the regional distribution of imported cases of dengue and malaria based on the computation of the "travelers' index" from readily available socioeconomic data. We combined indicators representing the main drivers for international travel, including tourism, economy, and visits to friends and relatives, to measure the relative appeal of each region in the importing country for travelers. We validated the resulting estimates by comparing them with the reported cases of malaria and dengue in Spain from 2015 to 2019. We also assessed which motivation provided more accurate estimates for imported cases of both diseases. The estimates provided by the best fitted model showed high correlation with notified cases of malaria (0.94) and dengue (0.87), with economic motivation being the most relevant for imported cases of malaria and visits to friends and relatives being the most relevant for imported cases of dengue. Factual descriptions of the local movement of international travelers may substantially enhance the design of cost-effective prevention policies and control strategies, and essentially contribute to decision-support systems. Our approach contributes in this direction by providing a reliable estimate of the number of imported cases of nonendemic diseases, which could be generalized to other applications. Realistic risk assessments will be obtained by combining this regional predictor with the observed local distribution of vectors.

Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Sugarcane Growers in Shahpura Block of Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, India

The aim of the research, which took place in the Shahpura block in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh in the period 2015–16 was to examine the entrepreneurial practices of sugarcane farmers. 120 farmers who were chosen using proportionate random sampling from ten villages in the Shahpura block of the Jabalpur district were interviewed in order to get the data. According to the survey, a greater proportion of sugarcane growers (60.84%) exhibited medium levels of entrepreneurial behavior. Only age was found to have a non-significant relationship with the entrepreneurial behavior of sugarcane growers, while the other independent variables—education, size of land holding, area under sugarcane crop, material possession, social participation, annual income, information source utilization, extension contact, economic motivation, and scientific orientation—had positive and significant relationships with the entrepreneurial behavior of the growers.

Connectivity Case a Juridical Review of the Handling Process before and After the Establishment of the Attorney General in the Military Criminal Field

This Indonesia is a country with a large and diverse population, consisting of many islands and a multitude of cultures and customs. The people of this nation live and operate according to existing norms and regulations, coexisting within their midst, which upholds a high regard for a legal system governing societal order. This is why Indonesia can be referred to as a legal state (rechtsstaat), a notion further solidified by Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, which declares Indonesia as a legal state.There are four systems of justice in Indonesia: general courts, religious courts, military courts, and administrative courts. These systems stand independently, separate from one another, each with its own functions and absolute authority in carrying out its duties. Thus, each system possesses jurisdiction that cannot be interfered with by other judicial systems. However, despite Indonesia's respect for the law, there are also many Indonesians who violate and disregard the laws in place, acting arbitrarily and without adherence to regulations and existing laws. This is evidenced by the numerous cases that occur, with perpetrators not only being ordinary citizens but sometimes also engaging in criminal acts alongside military personnel, commonly known as the TNI or the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The fact that TNI members exist and live among the civilian population, with their special status, combined with the drive to improve their standard of living or economic motives, leads many of them to engage in criminal activities with civilians, whether as perpetrators, accomplices, or assistants. In several cases involving both TNI members and civilians, they encounter difficulties in their handling. In connection with the above, to enhance the effectiveness of handling connectivity cases (involving perpetrators from both the TNI and civilians), a special institution/organization was established within the Indonesian Attorney General's Office, namely the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crime Affairs.

Research on multilateral collaboration strategies in agricultural seed quality assurance.

Seeds, as the initial products in agricultural systems, play a pivotal role in ensuring quality, fundamental to national food security and sustainable agricultural development. This study introduces a concept integrating public governance and evolutionary game theory to construct a quadripartite evolutionary game model involving seed companies, certification agencies, farmers, and governmental departments. It considers the strategic choices of these stakeholders under varying economic motivations and market mechanisms, as well as the influence of external regulation and incentives on game strategies. The existence conditions for evolutionarily stable strategy combinations are determined using the Lyapunov first method, and MATLAB is employed for numerical simulation analysis to validate the game analysis under initial conditions. The simulation results reveal two potential equilibrium points corresponding to different strategic choices among stakeholders. The study finds that producing high-quality seeds and the refusal of certification agencies to engage in rent-seeking are crucial for ensuring seed quality. Additionally, the cost-benefit ratio of seed companies, the speculative cost of certification agencies, and the rights-protection cost of farmers are key determinants in the evolution of seed quality assurance strategies. This research also holds practical significance in enhancing seed quality assurance mechanisms and fostering sustainable development in agriculture.

The Model of Social Responsibility of Islamic Banks

Islamic banks, in addition to their "specialized duties", also have "social responsibilities". In economic and managerial literature, this is interpreted as "Corporate Social Responsibility" (CSR), which is a set of benevolent duties arising from the divine and voluntary will that has been determined in the structure of serving the Islamic and human community for Islamic banks. In the Islamic perspective, the responsibility of banks goes beyond the level of shareholder profitability and encompasses the realm of public interest and welfare. Welfare includes both worldly interests and salvation in the hereafter. The origin of these "social responsibilities" is the will of God, from which only wise matters arise. This research aims to present a "model of social responsibility" for Islamic banks. The proposed model consists of structures and variables: the "independent variable" such as governance of ethical and religious values, institutional factors, and economic motivations; the "moderating variable" such as education and awareness of Islamic bank managers, technological and technical factors, compliance with regulations and laws of the Islamic government, the proximity of Islamic banks' location, and convenience for customers; and the "mediating variable" such as market factors (banking products and services), media coverage (advertising), economic-political factors (economic institutions), cultural-social factors (effective cultural-social institutions), international factors (civil society institutions). The "dependent variable" is the social responsibility of Islamic banks. Data analysis was performed using both quantitative and qualitative methods, and the study population is Afghan banks. For fitting the conceptual model of research and investigating the main hypotheses of the research, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method by software (SMART PLS3) has been used, and the research findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between all research variables.

Peacekeeping armies: how the politics of peace operations shape military organizations

Abstract What is a ‘peacekeeping army’? Why do some states develop them? And what influence do they have on military organizations, their soldiers and the practices of peacekeeping more broadly? This article provides the first attempt to theorize this concept and illustrate its utility with reference to specific country examples. We develop the concept by drawing on a comparative analysis of troop contributions to peace operations over time, an examination of national security documents and institutional military reforms. Specifically, we define a ‘peacekeeping army’ as one which has undertaken institutional reforms to regularly perform the military functions of peacekeeping at a relatively large scale compared to the size of its active force and has prioritized international peacekeeping as one of its top-tier priorities. We find that political, economic and institutional motives for establishing a ‘peacekeeping army’ are more important than normative and security factors. Once established, a ‘peacekeeping army’ generates significant, and diverse effects on the soldiers, the military organization, the government and potentially the practices of peacekeeping more broadly. The conclusion summarizes our main findings and identifies implications for policy.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERAN GANDA PADA PEREMPUAN SEBAGAI WANITA KARIER DALAM MEMBANTU EKONOMI KELUARGA

This study aims to determine the dual role of women as career women in helping the family economy through a home kiosk business in Pekanbaru, Riau. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that economic motivation is the reason for women to perform multiple roles in moderate categories. The results also showed that in terms of perception and action of multiple role strategies, the majority of women want a balance between the two (the priorities of family and business). The last result, family welfare, objectively falls into the welfare category, and subjectively falls into the medium welfare category.

Resource Policy of the Third Reich in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine: Waste Recycling in 1941-1943

This article explores the assortment and primary methods of waste collection within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine during the occupation by Nazi forces. The Ukrainian occupational press serves as the primary source for this article. It demonstrates that the extraction of various resources and the plundering of material valuables were directed towards supporting the economic and military power of the Third Reich, with waste collection policies being one of its facets. To facilitate this activity in this realm, the Nazis utilized existing infrastructure within the territory of Ukraine, including warehouses, factories, and offices of Soyuzutyl, established on the eve of the Second World War, as well as the infrastructure of the consumer cooperative system. It is shown that the specificity of Ukraine lies in assigning waste collection duties to consumer cooperatives, which transformed into the primary suppliers of various raw materials for the needs of the Third Reich. Local administrations and individual cooperatives actively participated in this endeavor, and special associations were also established. Additionally, the occupying authorities sought to involve schoolchildren and the broader population, developing various incentive systems for this purpose, although the participation of these actors was minimal. The article examines the peculiarities of waste collection propaganda within the territory of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, which was based on ideological motives such as gratitude for liberation from Soviet rule, as well as economic motives related to the need for waste to produce consumer goods for the local population by enterprises of the Nazi regime. It is argued that primary attention was given to collecting scrap black and colored metals, as well as bones, paper, and rags. The author suggests that the scale of economic plundering of Ukraine was much larger than commonly believed, yet acknowledges that this requires further in-depth research involving a wide range of archival sources.

Settler Colonial Classifications of Edibility

The pastoral economies introduced during the colonial invasion have radically transformed Australian diets, cultures, and ecosystems. Stolen land was tenured to settlers and emancipated convicts to develop profitable and productive enterprises for the British Empire. Land rights and animal care are intrinsically linked to modern food systems, yet there is a gap in Australian literature regarding the legacy of colonial pastoralism and its connection to current food systems. This essay questions how introduced species evolved to command the Australian diet. Wallabies and kangaroos were legally relegated to national emblems, and thus inedible. Their conditions of being, whether edible, iconic, or wild, were dictated by the Commonwealth Government. The taboo nature of these native marsupials leaves them largely unconsumed, and therefore, unprotected. Modern conditions of edibility are less concerned with physical metabolic matters, instead driven by historic cultural attitudes and political and economic motives. Nourishment was commodified. My research uses Tasmanian legal archives in conjunction with cookbooks and popular iconography to trace the historical legacies of foodways since the invasion. Scholarship around waste, sociology, ecology, and food justice and sovereignty are incorporated to consider how modern agricultural practices perpetuate violence against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and ecosystems. Modern agriculture affects every being on the planet, both human and more-than-human. My research goal is to encourage people to question their metabolic practices to ascertain how everyday acts of consumption implicate them within unjust systems. Though consumptive wallaby culling is legal, the industry remains privatized, and Indigenous Australians have little agency to influence how their native species are used, and who profits from their utility. By sharing these concerns with researchers from a broad range of disciplines, I hope to connect with individuals who can help to make future metabolic matters more inclusive, more ethical, and more sustainable.

Pengaruh Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Ekonomi di Sekolah Penggerak SMAN 5 Banjarmasin

This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the merdeka curriculum designed by the Ministry of Education and Culture in increasing students' learning motivation in economics lessons. This research aims to find out whether the implementation of the independent curriculum has an influence on the economics learning motivation of 12th grade students at SMAN 5 Banjarmasin and how strong the relationship is between these two variables. The method in this research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects in this study were 231 students who chose economics lessons in 12th grade at SMAN 5 Banjarmasin, 70 samples were taken using the Slovin formula. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis, Spearman's Rank Correlation, and simple linear regression tests. The results of this research show that the regression test for the influence of the Merdeka Curriculum on learning motivation can be concluded, namely that there is a significant and positive influence between the application of the Merdeka Curriculum on the economic learning motivation of students at SMAN 5 Banjarmasin and the Spearman's Rank Correlation test shows that the Merdeka Curriculum and Learning Motivation have a positive relationship, with the sufficient or moderate category.

Promoting academic social intrapreneurship: Developing an international virtual incubator and fostering social impact

This research examines the evolving role of universities as agents of social and economic change, through academic social intrapreneurship implemented digitally. Utilizing an in-depth case study of an international virtual incubator that emerged from a large public research university's internal funding, we study a shift beyond economic motivations, highlighting the importance of universities' non-pecuniary contributions to society. We unveil a unique model of academic social intrapreneurship that integrates research, entrepreneurship, digitization, and social responsibility. The descriptive case study method examines the virtual incubator's emergence, processes and activities, exploring how digitally implemented academic social intrapreneurship can address global concerns. The findings highlight the significance of achieving legitimacy at multiple levels and adopting a decentralized approach to innovation, indicating effective means for engaging diverse stakeholders and addressing local and global issues. The findings suggest that academic social intrapreneurship is a potential avenue for universities to enhance societal contributions. We present theoretical insights and actionable advice for universities, academic intrapreneurs, and virtual incubators, emphasizing the importance of promoting academic social intrapreneurship for a positive societal impact. We conclude by advocating for universities' role in fostering transformative cross-disciplinary collaborations and expanding their societal engagement in the digital era.

Does the economic motivation of firms to address the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote the SDGs or merely SDG-washing? Critical empirical evidence from Japan and Vietnam

AbstractThe United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call on all firms to apply their creativity and innovation to solving sustainable development challenges. There is then an argument that firms should address the SDGs by applying the creating shared value (CSV) framework. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that this is nothing more than “business as usual” implemented in the name of the SDGs, or so-called SDG-washing, thereby limiting firm contributions to the SDGs. Although the SDG Compass, the most referenced business guideline on SDGs, currently encourages firms to address the SDGs using their economic motivation, it is uncertain whether it provides the right direction for achieving them. The purpose of this study is to address whether the economic motivation of firms to achieve the SDGs is practically preferable in contrast to the ethical motivation. Using data on Japanese and Vietnamese firms, we empirically analyse whether the degree of a firm’s proactiveness to address the SDGs depends on its economic and/or ethical motivations from a stakeholder management perspective. Our estimation results clarify that an ethical motivation continues to play a more significant role for firms in addressing the SDGs. Put differently, while CSV appears an attractive framework for firms to address the SDGs, its actual contribution remains partial and tentative, and it has thus been criticized for overemphasizing any economic motivation that potentially promotes SDG-washing. It is important to note that this could also ultimately decrease economic value by harming the firm’s reputation.

Aesthetic Characters of Flora and Fauna Painting Art Pengosekan on Visual Objects Wood Carving Craft Arts in Singakerta Village, Ubud

Along with the heyday of Pengosekan flora and fauna painting in the 1990s, the aesthetic character of painting was attached to the art of wood crafts in Singakerta Village, Ubud. This aesthetic character can be seen from the visual style of creating flora and fauna objects as well as the finishing of wood carving crafts, which reveal images of typical Pengosekan flora and fauna paintings. This research specifically identifies the background and supporting factors for the visual language representation of Pengosekan flora and fauna painting objects in the art of wood carving that developed in Singakerta Village, Ubud. This research is qualitative research, using aesthetic theory and representation theory as analytical tools. The results of the research show that the aesthetic character of Pengosekan flora and fauna paintings is represented in wood carving craft products, in terms of theme, color, shape and visible lines. The representation that occurs is influenced by creativity in order to follow market trends that were developing at that time, as well as the economic motivation of the craftsmen to improve their welfare. The imagery of Pengosekan flora and fauna painting, which is attached to the art of wood carving, has indirectly helped the dynamic existence of this painting art. The representation of the art of painting in crafts is a dynamic that occurs in the development of the art of painting. The practice of indirect representation also shows something that is very important and positive in maintaining the existence of the art of painting itself, even though the visualization is slightly different because it is caused by several factors.

Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women's Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has globally disrupted immunisation practices, impacting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women (PW), who harbour concerns about future children's immunisations. This study aimed to assess the pandemic's impact on PW's attitudes towards childhood vaccinations. During three consecutive flu seasons from October 2019 to January 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a large Italian teaching hospital using a questionnaire. The chi-square test was performed to compare each season. Across the 2019-2020 to 2021-2022 seasons, course attendance by PW surged from 105 to 340. Significant shifts in vaccination intentions were noted, including a 7.5% decrease in measles vaccination intent (p = 0.02) and a 10% decrease in that of pertussis (p = 0.004) from 2019-2020 to 2020-2021. While perceived contagion risk decreased, disease severity perceptions increased, with few significant differences. A statistically significant reduction was noted in the proportion of participants suspecting economic motives behind NHS workers' promotion of childhood vaccinations. Furthermore, the pandemic period saw an increase in the perceived utility of non-institutional websites and the advice of physicians outside the NHS. These findings will help develop evidence-based, tailored interventions and communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and ensure optimal vaccination coverage among children born during and after the pandemic.

“The Idea of Sports is Pure and Noble”: Internationalism, Zionism and the Formation of a Global Universal Language

Bridging the gap between international history, which often sees modern sport’s ideals as mere background noise masking economic or political motives, and philosophical and theoretical perspectives, which delve into the aesthetic appeal of sports, this article focuses on the interplay between the universal, ethical, and the spectacle of sports within Hebrew Culture in Palestine. Against the backdrop of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, the globalization of sports during the interwar period, and the emergence of FIFA and the IOC, it illustrates the growing influence of universal sports ideals within Zionist ultra-national revolutionary culture. By reassessing the mechanisms behind one of the most significant international phenomena of the twentieth century, and exploring the origins of inherent connection between physical activity, mega sporting events, and pseudo-religious discourse, this article offers a nuanced discussion on internationalism and globalization, particularly pertinent in our contemporary era, highlighted by the 2022 World Cup in Qatar and ongoing debates surrounding human rights violations in the name of sports.

Стратегирование коммерциализации инноваций в условиях отечественной экономики данных

Professor A.G. Aganbegyan defines a new transport and logistics infrastructure as a key factor of economic growth, welfare, and transformation of Russia’s socio-economic system. This new infrastructure should include two-way highways, high-speed railways, regional airports, and major logistics centers in key transport hubs. Unfortunately, such projects have a very long payback cycle that may last up to 20–25 years. Moreover, the investments may be as high as 3 trillion rubles annually. As a result, transport and logistics suppliers alone cannot support such a large-scale initiative. Domestic logistics is currently going through all the stages from 1PL to 5PL, which places very high requirements on the multimodality of transport and logistics in physical infrastructure, software, and hardware. These processes encourage research cooperation between industries aimed at developing novel interoperable R&D solutions. Russian transport and logistics infrastructure depends heavily on the railway industry: its main operational task is to maintain passenger and cargo traffic, as well as to provide safety. Under the current sanctions, Russian railroads face the challenge of developing and scaling advanced scientific and technical reserves. Technological independence relies on end-to-end production technologies, e.g., artificial intelligence algorithms, digital twins, etc., which impose requirements on data interoperability. This article describes the potential that domestic railway enterprises have for improving commercialization of innovations and technology transfer. The authors used the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing developed by Professor V.L. Kvint to design several recommendations on how railroad companies may increase their economic motivation to overcome various barriers.