Economical Means Research Articles

Cognition Analysis of Building Energy Efficiency Labeling System and the Application of Policy Instrument

<p>2021年住商部門佔總排碳量，全國約占21.9%，台北市約佔75.88%。各國皆認為建築能源效率會是住商部門能否達到淨零排放的重要指標，無不積極推動建築能效標示；不過能效標示必須搭配自願性或強制性的政策工具才會發生效果。文獻回顧發現標示制度成功與否取決於標示「感知」、「品質」及「信任」三面向的發展程度。本研究歸納3面向的8個認知構面及其16項評估項目與7項政策工具，經問卷抽樣調查分析，發現「信任」面向之6項重要評估項目最受重視，其中以「評估人員條件」、「培訓認可條件」及「抽複查機制」3項評估項目對標示公信力影響最大。至於「感知」面向則僅有「與建築節能相關職業」(即資訊提供族群)的認知程度較高，未與建築節能議題接觸者，感知普遍不足，與從事建築職業無關。另外，彙整出7項政策工具之評估項目相關性分析表，自願性政策工具明顯較強制性政策工具受青睞；「強制性」的政策工具著重於「標示機構公正性」與「評估人員專業性」，不論是資訊提供或接收者，認知一致，為該政策工具之重點施政作為。「經濟手段」的政策工具，並無偏重那個面向，應從各面向並進，惟職業別與居住地區別特徵認知差異大，應針對不同族群調整施政作法，「資訊透明化」之政策工具，著重於機構公正性、辦理程序嚴謹性，應防止制度容易發生弊端的問題，並彙整出政策工具與評估項目之相關性分析表，供後續推動政策工具的參考。</p> <p> </p><p>In terms of the total carbon emissions accounted for by the residential and commercial sector in 2021, it accounts for approximately 21.9% nationwide and 75.88% in Taipei City. Various countries believe that building energy efficiency will be an important indicator of whether the residential and commercial sectors can achieve net-zero emissions, so they all actively promote building energy efficiency labels; however, energy efficiency labels must be paired with voluntary or mandatory policies to be effective. A review of the literature found that the success of a labeling system usually depends on the degree to which the public has developed three aspects of labeling: "perception", "quality" and "trust". This study summarized the 8 cognitive aspects of the 3 aspects and their 16 evaluation items and 7 policy Instruments. After a questionnaire survey and analysis, it was found that the 6 important evaluation items of the "trust" aspect received the most attention, among which the "evaluator" was the most important. The three evaluation items, "Conditions", "Training Accreditation Conditions" and "Spot Review Mechanism" have the greatest impact on the credibility of the label. As for the "perception" aspect, only "occupations related to building energy conservation" (that is, the information providing group) have a higher level of awareness. Those who have not been exposed to building energy conservation issues generally have insufficient awareness, which has nothing to do with being engaged in the construction profession. In addition, a correlation analysis table of the evaluation items of 7 policy Instruments was compiled. Voluntary policy Instruments are obviously more popular than mandatory policy Instruments; "mandatory" policy Instruments focus on "marking the impartiality of the organization" and "professionalism of the assessor". "Sex", whether the information provider or the receiver has a consistent understanding, is the key governance action of this policy Instrument. The policy Instrument of "economic means" does not focus on one aspect. It should be based on all aspects. However, there are great differences in the recognition of the distinguishing characteristics of occupational gender and place of residence. Governance practices should be adjusted according to different ethnic groups. The policy Instrument of "information transparency" focuses on Regarding the fairness of the institution and the rigor of the processing procedures, we should prevent problems that are prone to malpractice in the system, and compile a correlation analysis table of policy Instruments and assessment items for reference in the subsequent promotion of policy Instruments.</p> <p> </p>

Research on Carbon Tax in China under Carbon Neutrality

Carbon neutrality has become one of the main goals of addressing climate change on a global scale. As an economic means in China, a carbon tax can promote the transformation of energy structures and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by imposing a certain fee on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. This paper studies how to carry out the energy transition and realize the sustainable development of the country. This paper establishes a theoretical framework for carbon neutrality, carbon tax policy, and energy transition, and elaborates on the reasons for energy transition, the impact of energy transition on the market, the path to carbon neutrality, and China's carbon tax policy. Evaluate China's energy consumption structure from economic, environmental and policy perspectives. This article found that the biggest impact on China's energy consumption structure is the industrial growth rate, followed by GDP, and then carbon dioxide emissions. In order to achieve the long-term goal of global carbon neutrality, the government needs to introduce relevant policies.

Ecological consciousness in the works of writers of small peoples of Russia (on the example of Yu. Rytheu, E. Aipina, Yu. Shestalov)

The article analyzes the ecological consciousness in the works of writers of the small peoples of the North of Russia. The subjects of the study are the works of Yu. Rytheu, E. Aipina. Yu. Shestalov. Unlike ecological works, ecological consciousness in the works of these writers is more connected with national continuity and cultural heritage. Globalization and modernity have had a huge impact on all spheres of development of national minorities, and they were forced to integrate into the modernization process, whether through active choice or passive acceptance.Modern economic means of industrialization, programming and rationing have an impact on the traditional ways of supporting ethnic minorities. Writers from small nations, as representatives of the advanced intelligentsia of various ethnic groups, were the first to feel this crisis and expressed their concern in their works. This article mainly uses the method of text analysis to analyze ecological consciousness in the work of writers from small peoples. The main contribution of the author is that he offers new methods of studying the literature of small peoples. Ecological consciousness in the works of writers of national minorities differs from other ecological literary works. Ecological consciousness in the works of writers of ethnic minorities is ultimately a matter of survival and sustainability of an ethnic group. At a time when the problem of globalization and modernity is becoming obvious, writers from ethnic minorities use their own literary works to raise this environmental alarm and arouse readers' attention to this problem. The author analyzes the works of writers belonging to small peoples, pointing out the various means and ways in which writers express their ecological knowledge.

The Chinese belt and road initiative: development project with strings attached?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Chinese outward foreign direct investments (FDI) impact the Belt and Road countries (BRCs). It draws on postcolonial theory to investigate the (geo)political objectives behind the financial and economic means.Design/methodology/approachIn line with the nature of postcolonial studies, the study applies a discourse analysis integrating it with empirical data on indebtedness and trade.FindingsThis study finds that FDI and the BRI, as a development project, need to be considered a double-edged sword for the receiving countries. The authors provide evidence that China has instrumentalized financial and economic means to gain political influence and pursue geopolitical ambitions. Moreover, investments into sensitive sectors (e.g. energy, infrastructure), combined with the BRCs’ inability to pay back loans, could eventually lead to China gaining control of these assets.Research limitations/implicationsThe study investigates the financial and economic means that are instrumentalized to gain political influence while not considering flows of technology and know-how. It also limits itself to the study of FDI coming from one specific country, i.e. China. Therefore, no comparison and evaluation are made of FDI from other countries, such as the USA or European countries.Practical implicationsBy revealing noncommercial objectives and geopolitical ambitions that China pursues through the BRI, the authors derive policy implications for the BRCs, third countries and China.Originality/valueThe study contributes to postcolonial theory and neocolonialism by investigating how China uses financial and economic means to achieve noncommercial objectives and pursue geopolitical ambitions. Additionally, the authors enhance the understanding of FDI by highlighting more subtle aspects of the complex and contextual nature of FDI as a social phenomenon, which have been overlooked thus far. The authors challenge the predominant positive framing of FDI and provide a counterpoint to the way FDI is often coined.

Utilizing EEG Signal Data and Motion to Aid in Prosthetic Hand Motion

Current prosthetic arm technologies are often difficult to use intuitively by amputees, require invasive surgical procedures, and can be extremely costly with prices ranging from $20,000 to $80,000. To address these challenges, the engineering goal of this project aims to design a smart, low-cost, mind-controlled transhumeral prosthesis by integrating the brain-interfacing capabilities of electroencephalography (EEG), the economical means of 3D printing technology, and gesture-detecting attributes of an accelerometer-gyroscope. Single-channel brain signals are transmitted through Bluetooth to be interpreted by a novel EEG decoding algorithm and head gestures from the inertial measurement unit actuate movement within the arm. Force sensitive resistors were employed to regulate force control in real-time to optimize grasp type. An LCD screen is integrated within the arm’s design to display the type of touch it is exerting on an object. The arm itself was printed with an original design utilizing PLA plastic filament making it extremely durable and lightweight. After thoroughly testing the prosthesis, the novel EEG decoding system boasts an accuracy of 94.7% and a user cognition to machine delay of 1.64 + - 0.37 seconds. The inertial measurement unit system recognizes user gestures with a delay of .136 seconds. With a bill of materials approximately $375 USD and ability to be moved in 4 degrees of motion, this novel upper limb prosthesis serves as a promising alternative to existing units on the market. The algorithms developed within this project have a wide range of use within other brain control interface projects.

A Study on the Relationship of Macroeconomic Regulation and Its Legal Adjustments

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic regulation and its legal adjustments. Macroeconomic regulation refers to the process in which a country intervenes and adjusts the overall economy through government actions and economic means. The paper begins by analyzing the importance of macroeconomic regulation and emphasizes the close relationship between macroeconomic regulation and economic development. Furthermore, it explores the subjects involved in macroeconomic regulation, including the government, enterprises, and the market, along with their interactions and relationships. In the process of macroeconomic regulation, legal adjustments play a significant role. The paper analyzes the functions and status of law in macroeconomic regulation and proposes corresponding legal adjustment measures.

STATUS MUTU AIR DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI DI KABUPATEN BERAU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

The watershed in Berau Regency is used as an economic route and means of transportation of goods from mining, plantations, and agriculture as well as a source of raw materials for making drinking water. the water quality of the Berau watershed based on the value of the River Water Pollution Index in Berau Regency includes light pollution. This is a concern to conduct research in the Berau watershed, where this study aims to analyze the status of water quality according to the IP (Pollution Index) method and the economic value of watersheds in Berau Regency for the people of Berau Regency and compile recommendations for pollution control and watershed utilization in Berau Regency.The calculation uses the Pollution Index (IP) method of watershed quality status in Berau Regency consisting of Segah River, Kelay River, and Sungi Berau is in Light Pollution condition with a value of (1.75 ≤ IP ≤ 4.97) with a tendency for Berau River to have a greater pollution burden.

Study On Electrolyte of Low Temperature Sodium-Ion Battery

With the rapid development of electronic devices, energy storage systems with excellent performance are required. To be used in cold climates and high-altitude areas, it is required that the battery should work stably and operate safely even when the temperature drops below freezing point. Sodium-ion batteries arouse great attention, because of their high safety, good capacity in both high and low-temperature environments, along with their abundant sodium resources in the earth's crust. But for practical applications, the kinetics of sodium-ion batteries become slow when working at low temperatures. The performance deteriorates with the temperature decreases. Therefore, researchers have carried out a lot of research to overcome these problems in the low-temperature environment. For example, the energy storage performance of sodium-ion batteries can be improved by optimizing the positive and negative electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Among them, optimizing the electrolyte is critical to improving the energy storage performance of sodium-ion batteries. Because the electrolyte is an important part, which is in contact with each part of the battery as a medium, which is mainly composed of solvents, electrolyte salts, and additives. During the charge/discharge processes of the battery, the electrolyte plays a role to act as an ionic conductor to transfer Na + between the positive and negative electrodes and link then together. Additionally, the electrolyte will also directly participate in the reaction on the electrode surface and form SEI film. Thus, it is one of the most economical and effective means to enhance the low-temperature performance by modifying the electrolyte. This paper, summarizing the reports on the electrolyte of low-temperature sodium-ion batteries at home and abroad, sorting out and analyzing the solid, liquid, and gel electrolytes, clarifies how to making the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries better by optimizing electrolytes.

Heritage hotels: An exploration of staff experiences in these unique hospitality environments

Heritage hotels play a significant role in the hotel sector, preserving cultural heritage and delivering authentic and unique guest experiences and economic value to destinations. As such, they are an important but under-researched hotel operation. They range in size and star rating and can be boutique and/or upscale luxury hotels, independently owned and operated or managed by one of the large international hotel chains. There are three types of heritage hotels: original, simulated, and converted. The first are hotels whose purpose has remained unchanged since their inception and, despite modernization, retain their originality. The second are simulated heritage hotels, which are associated with symbolic heritage elements. The third are historic structures (castles, cathedrals, palaces, etc.) that have been repurposed and converted into hotels, imbuing them with new symbolic and economic meanings. This research note investigates the third type of heritage hotels. These are buildings rich in history, a sense of place and hold cultural meanings for their localities and communities. The note employs an exploratory, qualitative research strategy and reports data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 customer-facing employees and managers in three independently owned and operated United Kingdom (UK) rural boutique heritage hotels. This qualitative approach provided an opportunity to attain depth in revealing the participants’ service experiences and encounters. The research note advances extant scholarship, which has examined employee interactions in small heritage accommodations as emotional and individualised guest experiences. It suggests that historic sites repurposed as heritage hotels have distinctive qualities, setting them apart from other hotels as hospitality environments. As such, their staff regard themselves as stewards and storytellers of local culture as much as receptionists, servers, etc. It concludes by advancing possibilities for further research on this conceptualization of heritage hotel employees.

Striving to be Men in the Family: Masculinity and Capitalist Transformation in Vietnam

Women in Vietnam, historically and today, have participated in the labor force at a high rate. Since Vietnam opened its markets in 1986, their participation has noticeably declined. Given this change, what does economic transformation mean for how men understand the place of women in society, and relatedly, what does it mean for how they understand masculinity? Through ethnography and interviews with 53 men in Ho Chi Minh City, I find that Vietnamese men in this urban center aspire for projects of masculinity that rely on the reimagination of Vietnamese women as non-workers in history. My findings show that men from different economic positions and occupations evidence divergent views of the family and women’s role in it. Men who are employed in waged occupations with a high school degree or less seek to realize “tradition” through the single-income family and the homemaker wife, yet this family is not necessarily an echo of the past. By contrast, men in salary paying occupations with some or complete college education view the dual-income family and the female worker as progressive despite the long history of women’s labor in Vietnam. This finding presents an opportunity to understand how masculinity as an ideal, a process, and a lived experience occurs during moments of economic transformation.

Development of a multifunctional installation of fine dispersed irrigation

The intensification of the processes of mining and processing of mineral raw materials, characteristic of the modern development of mining production, is associated with significant dust pollution of the atmospheric air. As an economical and mobile means of dust suppression, it is recommended to use the developed impulse fine-dispersed irrigation system "Ustimor". The principle of operation of the installation is based on the pulsed displacement of water from the water-air tank by the combustion products of the fuel-air mixture under high pressure (>5 MPa). Experimental and industrial tests of the installation were carried out at the tailings storage facility of PJSC "Ingulets Mining and Processing Plant". The range of the installation is on average 120-130 m. The area of the irrigated surface in one cycle of operation is from 500 m2 to 750 m2. Fine spraying was observed along the entire length of the jet flight. In one hour of operation, the installation can release from 5 to 30 tons of water into the atmosphere in the form of drizzle. The intensity of watering for one work cycle is on average 0.85 l/m2. The possibility of autonomous operation of the installation and its remote control through the SCADA system has been confirmed. The installation of pulse fine-dispersed irrigation is recommended for use as a means of spraying liquid by the method of fine-dispersed irrigation on open areas of surfaces where dust is intensively swept and suspended. It can be used for dust suppression and humidification at tailings storage facilities, warehouses of bulk materials, landfills, technological highways. The "Ustimor" installation can also be used for fine-dispersed irrigation of plantations, vineyards, gardens, etc. Irrigation of leaf cover and soil surface will lower their temperature by 7 - 10 °C in the sun and by 6 - 6.6 °C in the shade.

Intersubjective legitimacy and the failure of Kosovo’s authoritarian peace

ABSTRACT Legitimacy is traditionally the province of peacebuilding schools which pursue positive peace, but it is salient in illiberal contexts too. In this article I make the case that the concept of intersubjective legitimacy gives Authoritarian Conflict Management (ACM) theory the tools to address the processes of (de-)legitimation. It also highlights the interdependence of ACM’sdiscursive, spatial, and economic means of control. This elaborates ACM and thus makes a theoretical contribution to a growing research agenda on illiberal peacebuilding. I make a further, empirical contribution by illustrating my point with a study of the rise and fall of Kosovo’s old guard parties. They constructed an intersubjective environment using the means of ACM that allowed them to legitimate their governance despite grievances. The LVV movement was then able to break the intersubjectivity through actions of de-legitimation. My account therefore de-emphasises the influence of grievances alone and instead foregrounds active performances of legitimation in Kosovo.

Optimal capacity allocation and economic evaluation of hybrid energy storage in a wind–photovoltaic power system

During the global energy crisis, a significant influx of renewable energy sources was connected to the power grid, resulting in adverse fluctuations. To address this challenge and simultaneously reduce environmental pollution, a hybrid energy storage system containing hydrogen energy storage (HES) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) are proposed. The system aims to reconfigure the energy storage devices by an economical means and effectively alleviate the volatility challenges by the large amount of renewable energy accessing. First, according to the behavioral characteristics of wind, photovoltaics, and the energy storage, the hybrid energy storage capacity optimization allocation model is established, and its economy is nearly 17% and 4.7% better than that of single HES and single CAES, respectively. Then, considering the difficulty of solving the complexity dimension, a carnivorous plant algorithm (CPA) is adopted to solve the model and accurately obtain the strategy of hybrid energy storage configuration in this paper. The running time of a CPA algorithm is 33.6%, 36%, and 55% shorter than particle swarm optimization, whale optimization algorithm, and firefly algorithm, respectively. Finally, the simulation analysis is performed by IEEE 33 node arithmetic. The results show that the network loss with hybrid energy storage is reduced by about 40% compared with that without hybrid energy storage. However, improving voltage stability and the economy is optimal by using configured hybrid energy storage.

Towards Comfortable and Gender Friendly Weaving Rooms in the Sumba Houses in Anajiaka Village

The study discusses the setting of weaving rooms in Sumba houses influencing the spatial arrangement and cultural meaning. The weaving rooms are considered as female space, so that it is placed on the left side of the house. This allows the weavers to do their domestic tasks and weave at the same time. Based on the problem, the study aims to find out the cultural values and the spatial adjustment of the weaving rooms. The study implemented descriptive-qualitative research method by collecting data through a field observation and interviews. The data were analyzed with gender equality concept in the context of Sumba to find out the cultural values of the weaving rooms. The comfortable principles were viewed from motion comfort through spatial adjustment of the weaving rooms and thermal comfort to examine the visual comfort. The study was done in Anajiaka Village, Sumba Tengah Regency. Five Sumba houses occupied by five members of weaving organization “INA DUTA” were selected as the case study. The results of the study show that the meaning of Sumba houses is changed by weaving activities. The houses are not only a cultural form, but also an economic means. This spatial transformation is followed by the shifting of gender role concept in the context of Sumba. Considering the key role of women weavers in improving the living quality, the providing of proper weaving rooms is a significant way to encourage women weavers in Anajiaka Village. By producing woven clothes, the weavers take a key part in sustaining the community of Anajiaka Village. The community can provide woven clothes that are needed for social and cultural materials without depending on the neigbouring communities.

Study of technological processes of extractive substances extraction from osmo-dehydrated berry products

The process of extraction from vegetable raw materials is an important technological solution in the food industry for obtaining extractive substances that contain minerals, organic acids, phenolic substances, pectin’s, sugars and vitamins. The extraction process is influenced by the main factors - the size of the plant material, its duration and temperature conditions. Segmentation is essential for extraction. The correct choice of size allows you to better preserve the cellular structure of the berries, the diffusion processes proceed optimally efficiently, the extraction slows down, and the resulting extract contains less mechanical impurities and is easier to clean. The traditional method for extracting vegetable raw materials is water-alcohol solutions, but the extraction of water-soluble substances occurs partially, and as is known, vitamins, sugars, and phenolic substances predominate in berry raw materials. The most accessible and economical means for extraction is water. When extracted with water, the final product contains water-soluble substances and no fat-soluble substances. Extraction of osmo-dried berries was carried out with an aqueous solution at different temperature conditions with ranges of 30–40 °C, 50–60 °C and 70–80 °C. To determine the duration of extraction of osmo-dried berries, the yield of dry matter was used. It has been established that the highest yield of dry matter from osmo-dried strawberries (10,17 %), raspberries (8,74 %) and black currants (11,43 %) is observed at an extraction temperature of 50–60 °C and 70–80 °C. With a duration of 8 – 12 hours. The extraction time is described by polynomial regression equations of the 2nd degree. It was revealed that the highest content of vitamin C is observed at a temperature in the range of 50–60 °C, extraction of 36,7 mg/100 g of extract, and at a temperature in the range of 60–70 °C, the content of ascorbic acid decreased by 40 %.

A New (Digital) Era in Medical Journalism: Leveraging Social Media and Other Online Tools to Increase Reach and Engagement.

Social media is a popular communication and marketing tool in modern society, with the power to reach and engage large audiences. Many members of the medical and radiology communities have embraced social media platforms, particularly X (formerly known as Twitter), as an efficient and economic means for performing patient outreach, disseminating research and educational materials, building networks, and promoting diversity. Editors of medical journals with a clear vision and relevant expertise can leverage social media and other digital tools to advance the journal's mission, further their interests, and directly benefit journal authors and readers. For editors, social media offers a means to increase article visibility and downloads, expand awareness of volunteer opportunities, and use metrics and other feedback to inform future initiatives. Authors benefit from broader dissemination of their work, which aids establishment of a national or international reputation. Readers can receive high-quality high-yield content in a digestible format directly on their devices while actively engaging with journal editors and authors in the online community. The authors highlight the multifaceted benefits of social media engagement and digital tool implementation in the context of medical journalism and summarize the activities of the RadioGraphics Social Media and Digital Innovation Team. By enumerating the social media activities of RadioGraphics and describing the underlying rationale for each activity, the authors present a blueprint for other medical journals considering similar initiatives. ©RSNA, 2023.

Peculiarities of retail development in the context of a new paradigm of economic development

The article emphasizes the significant attention of scientists and practitioners to retail trade in modern conditions, its importance for maintaining social stability in the country. The peculiarities of retail development in the conditions of a new paradigm of economic development, which is characterized by sustainable development, digitalization of the economy, social responsibility, and partnership, are determined. Theoretical substantiation of issues of evolution, regularities and features of the development of retail and marketing activities of retail market entities in modern conditions, the role of retail in ensuring the social quality of life of the population in war conditions is the purpose of the article. The research used a set of such methods as monographic and dialectical, abstract-logical, comparison and generalization, graphic and tabular ones, which made it possible to achieve the goal set in the article. Theoretical approaches to the concepts of "retail trade" and "retail" are substantiated, and it is determined that scientists separate retail into a separate economic category and believe that it has its own economic meaning and differences. Attention is focused on the rapid response of organized retail to the effects of the external environment, due to the fact that it is an open system, includes in its structure trading establishments of various formats and sizes, and uses multiple models of interaction with consumers, manufacturers, suppliers, and the public. Network retail as a form of organization of mass retail trade is characterized, and the classification of networks with the author's criterion characteristic "by the place of legal registration of the final beneficiary" being highlighted is summarized. Attention is focused on the performance of classic functions by retail: intermediary one; promotion of goods and services; sales promotion; ensuring ease of purchase; ensuring customer loyalty; making a profit, however, because of the war, retailers in Ukraine have two more important functions - ensuring social quality of life of the population and providing food for the Security and Defense Forces of Ukraine. The study of the essence, functions and features of retail, marketing tools that are transformed in the context of the implementation of the provisions of the new paradigm of economic development is important for the rapid adaptation of retail market players to modern conditions of development

Low rates of sugarcane bagasse‐derived biochar have limited effects on soil properties and sugarcane crop yield

AbstractSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) represents the most valuable row crop in Louisiana. High levels of biomass production and extensive tillage have degraded portions of the state's alluvial soils used to grow sugarcane. In addition to sucrose, processing the crop generates excess bagasse each year, which can represent a disposal problem for sugar factories. However, converting the bagasse to biochar at nearby pyrolysis facilities may prove to be an economical means of improving degraded soils. The objective was to determine the impacts of low rates of biochar (<3.2 mt ha−1) on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Plant available nutrient levels were marginally impacted by biochar additions as the biochar exhibited a relatively low surface area and neutral pH. Bagasse‐derived biochar did not affect soil nitrate retention or leaching, and overall recovery was >86%. Biochar did not increase soil CO2 evolution, indicating its stability as a soil carbon amendment. However, adding biochar with mineral nitrogen decreased CO2 evolution, compared to biochar alone, indicating a negative priming effect. Soil moisture retention was minimally impacted by biochar. Cane yield, sucrose content, and sucrose yield were not statistically affected by applying biochar with or without starter fertilizer at planting. Overall, the results indicate that lower levels of bagasse‐derived biochar minimally impacted soil properties and crop yield; however, the biochar was stable in soil and may find utility as a carbon‐rich amendment should carbon credits prove to be an additional source of grower or land‐owner revenue.

Organologi dan Fungsi Sape dalam Ritual Panen Raya Dayak Kayan Kalimantan Utara

This article aims to provide understanding and knowledge to the younger generation about the organology and function of Sape music used in the Dayak Kayan harvest ritual in North Kalimantan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation steps. Observations were carried out on the Kayan tribe in Naha Aya Village, Peso Hilir District, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. To analyze the results of this research, the researcher carried out data reduction, then the data was presented in the form of descriptions and images, and finally concluded. The results of the research explain that the organology of the Sape music used in the harvest ritual is Sape with 3 strings and was studied in terms of organology, how to make it and how to play the stringed musical instrument. Apart from that, Sape music has a role and function in the Dayak community's harvest rituals, including: 1) functioning as a medium for religious rituals; 2) functions as an entertainment medium, as a dance accompaniment medium, 3) functions as a communication medium, 4) functions as a self-expression, 5) functions as an economic means, and 6) functions as a symbolic offering. By providing understanding and knowledge to the younger generation regarding the form and function of Sape music in harvest rituals, it is hoped that the younger generation will preserve and preserve traditional Sape music.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous micro-drainage tube irrigation combined with high negative pressure tube drainage versus debridement with closed suction irrigation for treating deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery.

It is difficult to avoid deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery. Debridement combined with closed suction irrigation (CSI) and other treatment methods lead to greater trauma and lower satisfaction. We developed a new method for the treatment of SSI, which has the advantages of less invasiveness and lower cost. The cohort of this retrospective study comprised 26 patients with SSI after undergoing spinal surgery in our hospital from August 2017 to March 2022. The patients were divided into CSI and microtube drainage group according to treatment methods. The durations of antibiotic use and hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and functional scores during follow-up were compared between the two groups. The only baseline characteristic that differed between the two groups was sex. Infection was controlled in both groups and there were no recurrences during follow-up. However, the length of hospital stay after the first operation and the total length of stay were significantly greater in the CSI group. Hospitalization costs and antibiotic costs were significantly higher in the CSI group. Additionally, the duration of intravenous antibiotic use was significantly longer in the CSI group. Both the CSI and microtube drainage groups had significantly improved of Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores 6 months postoperatively. However, 3 months postoperatively, SF-36 scores were significantly lower in the CSI group. Compared with debridement followed by CSI, percutaneous micro-drainage tube irrigation combined with high negative pressure tube drainage is a more efficient and economical means of treating SSI after spinal surgery.