Economic Lessons Research Articles

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, KEDISIPLINAN SISWA, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 7 SURABAYA

This study aims to: analyze the influence of family environment on learning outcomes at economics lesson of students in high school economics Negeri 7 Surabaya, analyze the influence of students dicipline on learning outcomes in economics lesson of student at SMAN 7 Surabaya, analyze the influence of learning motivation on learning outcomes in economics lesson of student at SMAN 7 Surabaya, and also the impact of family environment, students dicipline and learning motivation at the same time on the learning outcomes on economics lesson of student at SMAN 7 Surabaya. This research is quantitative. The population in this research were students of class X and class XI IPS at SMA Negeri 7 Surabaya year 2014-2015 as many as 228 students, while the number of samples used as much as 145 students. The data collection techniques that used are questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Methods of analysis using multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that : there is a significant and positive effect between family environment on learning outcomes in economics lesson of student at SMAN 7 Surabaya, a significant and positive effect between students dicipline on learning outcomes in economics lesson of student at SMAN 7 Surabaya, a significant and positive effect between learning motivation on learning outcomes in economics lesson of student at SMAN 7 Surabaya, and a significant and positive relations between family environment, student discipline and learning motivation jointly toward learning outcomes on economics lesson of students at SMAN 7 Surabaya

グローバル社会に対応した高等学校「家族」の授業デザインと資質・能力

グローバル社会に対応した高等学校「家族」の授業デザインと資質・能力

Economic Lessons from the Musical Hamilton

The musical Hamilton is the most popular musical in recent history and might be the best single album one could use to teach economic concepts. We...

The Rule of Law, Law & Economics, and Universalism

Law & Economics has evolved from a Western-originated movement to a worldwide intellectual paradigm whereby the economic analysis of law scrutinised not only upon the alleged efficiency of Western norms but also on the legal and institutional prerequisites for economic efficiency in the developing world. In that respect, the re-discovery of the efficiency rationale of the Rule of Law has been a central contribution of Law & Economics. Reversely, Rule of Law scholars have largely remained immune from the so-called ‘economism’ of the Law & Economics movement. Indeed, the deontological arguments attached to the Rule of Law have, so far, conflicted with the consequentialist arguments associated with the Law & Economics movement. The integration of the Law & Economics lessons into the Rule of Law thinking has therefore been insignificant. On the contrary, Law & Economics scholars have rediscovered the Rule of Law without qualifying sufficiently their lessons to make this movement transplantable to the Rule of Law thinking. This paper intends to fill this gap by vouching for a better common understanding between the Rule of Law and Law & Economics through three steps. First, the interactions between the legal and economic orders shall be outlined (1). Second, the Law & Economics’ incoherence with the Rule of Law requires amendments to Law & Economics (2). Third, the reception of Law & Economics by Rule of Law scholars can be lubricated by the universalism of both schools of thoughts (3). I conclude by envisaging the prospects for the ‘Rule of Law & Economics’ common movement to develop in the future.

The Nature of Sovereignty in the Anthropocene: Hydroelectric Lessons of Struggle, Otherness, and Economics from Paraguay

Leftist former Bishop Fernando Lugo came to power in Paraguay in 2008 with the pledge to “recover Paraguay’s hydroelectric sovereignty” from Brazil by demanding greater control of the energy and finances of Itaipu Binational Hydroelectric Dam. This article explores what is meant by “hydroelectric sovereignty” and argues for a new approach to how to theorize sovereignty within anthropology by urging that scholars move beyond a focus on the exception, biopower, and bare life. The (re)turn I propose situates sovereignty historically in terms of nature, economics, cultural otherness, and imperialism by engaging an older genealogy of sovereignty, the sixteenth-century Spanish school of Salamanca, which centered on the rights of indigenous peoples to control their natural resources and govern themselves. This tradition gave rise to international law, setting in place a framework that continues to structure the global economy and natural resources, including the hydroelectric potential of Itaipu Dam. By explorin...

EconEdReviews: Economics and personal finance lessons and reviews

URL: http://www.econedreviews.org/Just as consumers consult online reviews before buying products (Mintel.com 2015), the users of economic education materials may want to check reviews before using...

Suppes’ probabilistic theory of causality and causal inference in economics

This paper examines Patrick Suppes’ probabilistic theory of causality understood as a theory of causal inference, and draws some lessons for empirical economics and contemporary debates in the foundations of econometrics. It argues that a standard method of empirical economics, multiple regression, is inadequate for most but the simplest applications, that the Bayes’ nets approach, which can be understood as a generalisation of Suppes’ theory, constitutes a considerable improvement but is still subject to important limitations, and that the currently fashionable ‘design-based approach’ suffers from the same flaws Suppes anticipated a long time ago. It then sketches an alternative in response, one that differs drastically from the formalisms Suppes endorsed but is consistent with his pragmatic general take on science.

Behavioural International Trade Law

This article proposes to recast a big part of international trade law as behavioural regulation. The Sanitary and Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade Agreements of the World Trade Organisation include provisions on disclosure of better information, on legal default rules and on debiasing through law that are similar to the ones proposed in the Behavioural Law and Economics literature to nudge governments towards specific directions. This happens even in the absence of a (centralised) social planner. The article further aims to use behavioural trade regulation to draw some general lessons for Behavioural Law and Economics; most importantly, to show that nudging may have a libertarian rather than a paternalistic result. Finally, the paper proposes that behavioural regulation should be complemented by learning facilities to debias government institutions and lead to social and institutional learning.

Developing Preservice and Inservice Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Economics

High school student achievement in economics has been predominantly characterized by low test scores, while secondary social studies preservice teachers have less formal training in economics than most other social studies disciplines. In this self-study, the instructional affordances and constraints of an experimental economics methods course are analyzed in terms of developing secondary social studies preservice and inservice teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in economics from both the instructor and pre and inservice teachers’ perspectives. Two course assignments appeared to most notably develop PCK in economics, the Analysis of Economic Events and the Active-Learning, Interdisciplinary Economic Lesson. Findings suggest interrelationships exist among common content knowledge, specialized content knowledge, and horizon content knowledge for teaching economics. Implications and instructional suggestions for social studies teacher education and professional development are discussed.

Interwar Financial Summits: The Economic Consequences and Lessons of Attempts to Repair a Broken World

Interwar Financial Summits: The Economic Consequences and Lessons of Attempts to Repair a Broken World

The Rapid Evolution of Homo Economicus: Brief Exposure to Neoclassical Assumptions Increases Self-Interested Behavior

Economics students have been shown to exhibit more selfishness than other students. Because the literature identifies the impact of long-term exposure to economics instruction (e.g., taking a course), it cannot isolate the specific course content responsible; nor can selection, peer effects, or other confounds be properly controlled for. In a laboratory experiment, we use a within- and across-subject design to identify the impact of brief, randomly-assigned economics lessons on behavior in games often used to measure selfishness: the ultimatum game (UG), dictator game (DG), prisoner's dilemma (PD), and public-goods game (PGG). We find that a brief lesson that includes the assumptions of self-interest and strategic considerations moves behavior toward traditional economic rationality in UG, PD, and DG. Despite entering the study with higher levels of selfishness than others, subjects with prior exposure to economics instruction have similar training effects. We show that the lesson reduces efficiency and increases inequity in the UG. The results demonstrate that even brief exposure to commonplace neoclassical economics assumptions measurably moves behavior toward self-interest.

Beyond the Social Cost of Carbon: The Real Economic Lessons About the Determinants of Harm from Changing Climate and Their Implications for Climate Policy

As a measure of the marginal benefits of EPA regulations mandating reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the social cost of carbon (SCC) has been important in the regulatory process leading to the finalization of such regulations. In this paper, I explain and critique the Integrated Assessment Models from which the SCC is derived, and in particular the climate damage functions IAM’s assume and which are at the core of SCC estimates. Climate damage functions should be based on empirical evidence regarding the actual contribution of temperature, precipitation and other climate variables to various measures of human well-being, such as agricultural productivity, health, wildfires, and civil war among many others. Simple empirical studies that focus solely on climate measures tend to overestimate, sometimes vastly, the role of climate as a causal factor in such phenomena. More complex studies that look at the entire range of variables theoretically identified as important in explaining the phenomenon of interest show that climate is much less important as a causal factor than simple “climate and...” studies estimate. In addition, IAM damage estimates are based on estimates from computer and analytical models of climate sensitivity (the temperature increase to be expected from GHG increases), but such estimates are higher than newer, empirical estimates. Moreover, IAM damage estimates do not take account of the extremely long multi-centennial period over which climate sensitivity evolves to higher values. For all of these reasons, SCC estimates used in regulatory proceedings today are likely considerable overestimates of the actual SCC. Reasonable estimates of the SCC support only modest reductions in GHG emissions. Regardless of GHG emission reductions, climate commitment means that adaptation to future climate change will be a necessity, and the empirical literature suggests that climate change policy should focus on removing public policies that create perverse incentives not to adapt and on promoting policies that increase the incentive for the development of new ways of adapting to inevitably changing climate. Unfortunately, the promulgation of GHG emissions regulation under the Clean Air Act, a statute that does not mandate cost benefit analysis, makes it unlikely that a court will ever seriously question the methodology underlying flawed SCC estimates that have already been used to justify GHG emission regulation. While potentially a valuable tool for climate policy design, as employed in actual regulatory impact analysis in the United States, the SCC has been used to justify inefficient policies rather than to identify better ones.

President Muhammadu Buhari's Economic Management Challenges

It is necessary to distil some of the economic management lessons from the first three months of President Muhammadu Buhari’s regime and highlight needful reforms. Five issues stand out:-While it is true that a myriad of problems were inherited from the previous regime, the new regime appears to be too preoccupied with internal challenges of government to be able to chart a future policy path for others outside government to plug into. The euphoria that heralded President Muhammadu Buhari’s regime is giving way to rising economic policy uncertainty as the regime is not providing any holistic indication of its fiscal or broader economic policy directions that others outside government can base their planning on. The regime appears to be struggling with the present, finding it hard to contemplate a future for the country, and even harder to engage others about that future.-It is becoming obvious that the regime inherited weak institutions of economic management and would do well to urgently build those institutions now to stand any chance of confronting the myriad of economic problems inherited from 16 years of democratic deficit in which elected officials largely passed the buck of policy conception to appointees that they failed to hold accountable.-To overcome the weak Presidential and Parliamentary economic engagement, the regime urgently needs to create economic management institutions that will help him and the National Assembly engage more directly on economic issues and generate ideas and policy directives for ministries to implement.-The tasks of budgeting and policy coordination that previous regimes left in the hands of ad-hoc economic management teams are best undertaken from the Presidency.-Finally, the need to build some capacity for economic intelligence cannot be overemphasized.The regime needs to draw practical clues from effective institutions of economic management in the US.

Efficiencies and Antitrust Reconsidered

The author reconsiders the issue of efficiencies and antitrust from the perspectives of evolutionary biology and the growing field of evolutionary economics. He begins by discussing how the term efficiency as currently used in antitrust today is more of a term of social science and economic ideology than a meaningful scientific concept. He then moves on to address how the lessons of evolutionary biology and economics, including the need for systemic diversity and unremitting competition at all systemic levels, can be applied to structural antitrust and efficiencies analyses. The author concludes that it is time to bring fresh perspectives to the study of efficiencies and antitrust. He recommends a series of reforms, including increased and more aggressive enforcement against horizontal mergers between competitors; renewed interest in vertical mergers and agreements; and more aggressive guarding of competitive diversity and opportunity against unfair predatory conduct by dominant firms, monopolies, and oligopolies.

Patent Markets: A Framework for Evaluation

Patents have become financial assets, in both practice and theory. A nascent market for patents routinely produces headline-grabbing transactions in patent portfolios, and patent assertion entities frequently defend themselves as sources of liquidity essential for a patent market to function. Much of the discourse surrounding these developments assumes that a robust, liquid market for patents would improve the operation of the patent system. In this Essay, I challenge that assumption and systematically assess the cases for and against patent markets. I do so by taking seriously both the underlying innovation promotion goal of the patent system and the lessons of financial economics, and asking what might be the effects of a market for patents that looked roughly like other familiar markets for stocks, real estate, or secondhand goods. I conclude that, like much in patent law, the effects of robust patent markets are likely to vary with specific technological and business contexts. When there is a close fit between patents and useful technologies, a patent market can support a market for technology that aids in connecting inventors with developers and sources of capital for commercialization. But when that fit breaks down, market pricing could favor litigation over commercialization. Similarly, a liquid patent market might help to allocate the risks of innovation and of patent infringement to the parties best able to bear it, but a kind of moral hazard familiar to the market for subprime mortgages could lead not to more innovation but to more patents, thereby increasing the overall risk in the system. This analysis suggests that we are having the wrong conversation about patent markets. Rather than assuming their utility and asking how to improve them, we should be undertaking empirical research to determine the circumstances in which they will or will not work and exercising caution in invoking the logic of markets in policy debates about the contours of the patent system.

Students’ Perception of Home Economics Classroom Learning Environment in Edo State, Nigeria

This study examines students’ perception of their home economics classroom learning environment. The population consisted of all students from public schools in Edo State. A systematic random sampling technique was utilized to select a total number of 540 students for the study an instrument titled Perception of Students of Home Economics Classroom Learning Environment (PSHELE) was utilized to gather data. Findings indicates that home economics teachers do not have good method of teaching, since they are unable to make home economics lessons attractive and interesting to students, teachers of home economics are unable to encourage, support and give roam for individual differences in the course of teaching their subject. Finally, home economics laboratories are not functional, equipment are not enough and those available are not maintained, no good lighting and students sometimes bring in equipment from home for home economics practical. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were proffered; that Government should provide furnished home economics laboratories in public secondary schools in Edo state, students should be motivated by their teachers to participate in home economics lessons and government should provide good learning environment in all public secondary schools.

Economics Lessons from EBOLA Outbreak

A trend called globalization, which started at the early onset of this century, has increased interdependency among international nations. This interdependency has both negative as well as positive effects. An increased air travel network has contributed significantly in global trade. Public goods such as Internet, Financial stability, commercial integration or knowledge promotion has created a new category, which is known as International public goods. Global interdependence has generated few negative effects as well. Increased international mobility has increased the risk of contagion in case of deadly diseases. We have witnessed many International Public Bad, which is symmetry to public goods, such as spread of H1N1, Influenza, in the past. A recent outbreak of EBOLA in SubSaharan Africa is a latest public bad, giving nightmares to global arena.

Economic miracles: Valuable economic lessons for developing nations

This article, a literature review of Israel`s economic miracles, examines the secrets behind the transformation of Israel, a Start-up Nation slightly smaller than New Jersey or Wales born in 1948 with a population of around seven million, to become an Innovation Nation with more companies listed on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) outside the United States of America. The article further examines the unique conditions existing in Israel which are luring technology companies and global investors. On the whole, it was established that Israel has managed to achieve economic development through its innovativeness that has come as a result of many factors some of which are discussed in this article. The author broadens the context of his conclusions by taking into consideration some of the concluding remarks by Israel `s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu`s 2014, Davos World Economic Forum address. This article will go a long way in influencing government policy implementation. This article has therefore business and academic value.

A scientific basis for restoring fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Loss of functional habitat in riverine systems is a global fisheries issue. Few studies, however, describe the decision‐making approach taken to abate loss of fish spawning habitat. Numerous habitat restoration efforts are underway and documentation of successful restoration techniques for spawning habitat of desirable fish species in large rivers connecting the Laurentian Great Lakes are reported here. In 2003, to compensate for the loss of fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers that connect the Great Lakes Huron and Erie, an international partnership of state, federal, and academic scientists began restoring fish spawning habitat in both of these rivers. Using an adaptive management approach, we created 1,100 m2 of productive fish spawning habitat near Belle Isle in the Detroit River in 2004; 3,300 m2 of fish spawning habitat near Fighting Island in the Detroit River in 2008; and 4,000 m2 of fish spawning habitat in the Middle Channel of the St. Clair River in 2012. Here, we describe the adaptive‐feedback management approach that we used to guide our decision making during all phases of spawning habitat restoration, including problem identification, team building, hypothesis development, strategy development, prioritization of physical and biological imperatives, project implementation, habitat construction, monitoring of fish use of the constructed spawning habitats, and communication of research results. Numerous scientific and economic lessons learned from 10 years of planning, building, and assessing fish use of these three fish spawning habitat restoration projects are summarized in this article.

Book Reviews

Branko Milanovic, a Presidential Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center, reviews “Mixed Fortunes: An Economic History of China, Russia, and the West”, by Vladimir Popov. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Provides an interpretation of the ""Great Divergence" and the ""Great Convergence" stories, analyzing why Western countries grew rich and developing countries struggled to keep up, focusing on China and Russia. Discusses how the West became rich--stylized facts and a literature review; why the West became rich first and why some developing countries are catching up, while others are not; Chinese and Russian economies under central planning--why the difference in outcomes?; Chinese and Russian economies since reforms--transformational recession in Russia and acceleration of growth in China; and growth miracles and failures--lessons for development economics. Popov is with the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations, Professor Emeritus at the New Economic School in Moscow, and Professor in the Graduate School of International Business at the Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration in Moscow.”