Economic Interactions Research Articles

Trade dependence and cultural distance: An analysis of economic interactions and humanistic exchanges between China and ASEAN countries

AbstractThis study examines the influence of trade dependence, encompassing both export and import dependence, and economic dependence on cultural distance within the context of China and ASEAN countries from 1995 to 2020. Employing random‐effects models and, we investigate the impact of these dependencies on cultural distance and explore the moderating effects of humanistic exchange. Our findings reveal that trade dependence, export dependence, import dependence, and economic dependence exert negative effects on cultural distance between China and ASEAN countries. These findings are supported by the robustness test. We further analyze the moderating effects of humanistic exchange on the relationship between trade dependence, economic dependence, and cultural distance, confirming significant moderating effects specifically for trade dependence. Additionally, we observe that regional trade agreements and cultural exchange programs have heterogeneous effects on the relationship between trade and economic dependence and cultural distance, particularly among China and ASEAN countries with established agreements and programs.

Economic Ties of Russian Settlers and Native Population of Turkestan in the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th Centuries

The article analyses the issues of reclaiming of Turkestan by the Russian empire in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century by means of creating in the region administrative and military structures as well as by organizing Russian migrant settlements. It was revealed that in the process of organization of urban and rural settlements Turkestan authorities took aim at keeping a distance between native and migrant population. The article characterizes the conditions of granting land parcels for Russian settlers, the different categories and the number of countrymen coming to Turkestan. The article demonstrates various forms of economic interaction of settlers and native people in agricultural activities, everyday life, etc. An accent is put on the changes in the organization of living space under the influence of Turkestan climate peculiarities, different methods of managing agricultural food crops and commercial crops (cotton); the issues of irrigational activities, adoption of farm equipment and particular aspects of everyday life are being analyzed. The author makes a note that the interaction mostly took place in the economic and material spheres, and had fragmentary and episodic character that didn’t lead to cardinal changes in the life of Russian settlers’ community and native people.

Business and Politics of Eastern Africa

This article underscores a history of economic relations between Kenya and Uganda from 1962 to 2024. This is due to the fact that Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Sudan, Zaire, Somalia, Burundi, and Ethiopia are the most important business partners for Kenyan exports. The article reviews various literatures and a major gap has been identified. Theoretically, it adopts a bureaucratic theory, as was propounded by Max Weber in 1921. Methodologically, the article embraces a historical research design, as it helps in evaluating and relating the past occurrences in order to establish the causes, effects or trends of those occurrences with the aim of utilising the data to understand and explain the past, present and future anticipated events. In its findings, four eras of Kenya presidents are discussed. These includes: Jomo Kenyatta era, Daniel Arap Moi era, Mwai Kibaki era and finally Uhuru Kenyatta era. Based on the aforementioned eras, the article found out that; first the promise of democracy, a good life, and freedom was punctuated throughout the pronouncements that marked the formative years of the Kenyatta state. Secondly, this article discovered that, in 1990, when Moi was in power, the rhetoric of the KANU party suggested that African traditions were particularly well-suited to a one-party democracy environment. One of the traditions that were mentioned was the practice of making decisions through consensus rather than through competition. Lastly, during Kibaki era, Informal trade thrived due to bureaucratic hurdles and corruption at border points between Uganda and Kenya. In Conclusion, the rise of informal cross-border trade, particularly during times of political instability, has significantly influenced economic interactions between the two countries.

Evolution of trust in N-player trust games with loss assessment.

Trust plays a crucial role in social and economic interactions, serving as the foundation for social stability and human cooperation. Previous studies have explored the evolution of trust between investors and trustees by constructing trust game models, incorporating factors such as network structure, reputation, and incentives. However, these studies often assume that investors consistently maintain their investment behavior, neglecting the potential influence of the investment environment on investment behavior. To address this gap, we introduce a loss assessment mechanism and construct a trust game model. Specifically, investors first allocate their investment amount to an assessment agency, which divides the amount into two parts according to a certain allocation ratio. One part is used for investment assessment, and the results are fed back to the investors. If the payoff from this portion exceeds the investors' expected value, the remaining amount is invested; otherwise, it is returned to the investors. The results indicate that investors with moderate expectations are more likely to form alliances with trustworthy trustees, thereby effectively promoting the evolution of trust. Conversely, lower or higher expectations yield opposite results. Additionally, we find that as investors' expected values increase, the corresponding allocation ratio should also increase to achieve higher payoffs.

Social and Economic Development of Rural Border Area in Malaka and Belu Regencies (Border of Indonesia-Timor Leste)

Indonesia and Timor Leste have the same land area; these countries are located on Timor Island. It encourages interaction between regions, which can have positive or negative impacts. The adverse effects of the two countries' interaction must be minimized by formulating a strategy for developing border areas, especially village areas that directly border neighboring countries. This research aims to identify rural border communities' social and economic interactions and formulate development strategies for rural border areas in the Malaka and Belu Regencies. This research uses a qualitative research approach. The data collected includes a description of the social and cultural interactions carried out by rural communities and factual conditions that constitute strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in developing rural border areas. The analysis results explain that the interactions between rural borders include socio-cultural and economic interactions in trade activities. The strategy for developing rural border areas is to increase defense and security and maintain social cohesion in border areas; strengthen local potential in each village; encourage rural economic activities (BUMDes or Cooperatives) to grow and develop, and export rustic products; form clusters in rural border areas with the same potential; strengthening cooperation networks with higher education, the private sector and non-governmental institutions in improving and developing rural border areas; strengthening rural economic activities with rural border markets; increasing rural community participation in border area maintenance efforts; as well as improving access to basic infrastructure, in particular electricity, roads, water and telecommunications.

Politik Identitas Bangka Belitung Dan Multikulturalisme Pada Film Laskar Pelangi

This research analyzes the representation of identity politics and multiculturalism in the film Laskar Pelangi which is adapted from the novel by Andrea Hirata. Using film analysis and literature research, this research identifies themes of identity politics and multiculturalism expressed in the film's narrative, dialogue and imagery. The research results show that identity politics in the film Laskar Pelangi is reflected through ethnic and religious diversity, unity in diversity, local Malay identity, the role of education as a unifying tool, economic and social disparities, as well as the influence of colonial and local history. Multiculturalism is described through ethnic diversity, friendship across identities, the use of diverse languages and dialects, diversity of celebrations and traditions, equality in education, tolerance of teachers, economic and social interactions, and diversity of family dynamics. This film provides a positive picture of how different identities can unite and become a driving force in achieving common goals through education and solidarity. Overall, Laskar Pelangi shows the importance of building an inclusive and dynamic society by respecting cultural diversity.

Research on the Interaction Mechanism between Farmland Circulation and Non-Agricultural Industry from the Perspective of Equilibrium

The “three rights division” is a major innovation in China’s land system. Under the framework of “three rights division”, there are corresponding policy constraints on the circulation of management rights of different types of land. This paper constructs a dynamic equilibrium model of farmland management right transfer from the macro level, and studies the economic connection between farmland circulation and non-agricultural sectors. The results show that there is an obvious economic interaction mechanism between the circulation of agricultural land and the development of regional non-agricultural industries, and circulation is a channel to communicate the flow of factors between the agricultural sector and the non-agricultural sector, and its flow trend is significantly affected by policies. There is a certain threshold for the start of agricultural land circulation, and the critical condition is that the industrial capital stock of the non-agricultural sector reaches a certain level. Therefore, to effectively promote the circulation of agricultural land, we cannot completely rely on the market, and the government’s action is crucial. Based on the analysis, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions on guiding the circulation of farmland and better playing the role of circulation in promoting industrial development.

Multi-regional economic recovery simulation using an Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) framework

The economic repercussions of natural hazards extend beyond immediate damages, impacting more than the directly affected regions through trading ties and interrupted service provisions. The Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model has been developed to assess these indirect impacts by considering changes in productive capacity and demand-driven output adjustments. We extend a recently refined ARIO model (R-ARIO) to conduct a multi-regional multi-sector analysis. This extension accounts for the geographical disparities in direct damages and inter-regional economic interactions. To illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, we present a case study of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and assess its economic impacts across 13 prefectures in the East-Japan region. The paper further compares the outcomes of single- and multi-regional analyses to showcase the effect of inter-regional trading ties on economic resilience. Additionally, trade-offs involved in selecting the study area boundary for the multi-regional analysis are discussed.

‘Beyond our pregnancies and bodies’: benefits and barriers to antenatal care clinic utilisation among pregnant women in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria

ABSTRACT This study explored the benefits and barriers to antenatal care (ANC) utilization in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria, using case study and fieldwork research designs. Data collection involved qualitative methods from both primary and secondary sources. Through snowball and purposive sampling, 21 participants were recruited for key informant interviews (KIIs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Secondary data sources included books, journal articles, theses, and archival materials from the National Archives in Ibadan. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis, and descriptive narrative was employed for data interpretation. The study revealed that antenatal clinics have evolved beyond maternal and pregnancy care, becoming centers for social, economic, and political interactions. However, barriers such as high healthcare costs, distance, certain beliefs, and the COVID-19 outbreak hindered ANC utilization among many women in Abeokuta. To address these barriers, the study recommended a multifaceted approach involving collaboration with all stakeholders, including traditional birth attendants, strong government political will, and efforts to tackle poverty and illiteracy.

Urban Outmigration and Student Mobility towards Rural Schools: Are We in an Early Stage of Rural Revival?

Rural education is a strategic sector for rural revival projects. The presence and state of rural schools is an indicator on the sustainability of rural communities in its economic, social, and ecosystemic interactions. This study explores the Chilean case as it shows a movement in student mobility towards rural schools. Based on new data from the Ministry of Education, the study shows that primary school students indicate a shift in tutors and families’ preferences for rural schools, as rural schools’ enrolment has increased by 1% in the 2015–2020 period. In the context of a market-based education system, the data indicate a process in which rural systems are seen as viable alternatives for families. There is a clear landmark in rural mobility during the pandemic years; however, the study concludes that there is no indication of a catalyst for migration different from previous years or signs of rural revival yet. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to map how this trend may be replicating in different countries and geographies, as well as to ponder its implications for rural communities and its capacity to harbor urban out-migration.

A METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING TOPOS OF HASHES IN THE CATEGORICAL cN-SCHEME OF THE MARKOV ALGORITHM. Part 1

In organizational systems, economic interactions are studied. The purpose of this study is to synthesize a problem-oriented management subsystem for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. To achieve this goal, the problem of synthesizing a constructive way of processing such interactions is solved. The method is based on the development of the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm with an output that cannot be considered normal according to Markov. This algorithm scheme allows us to consider a quadruple consisting of words in the ordered and extended Markov alphabet A2, morphism numbers N, source numbers i, and the alphabet M. From the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm, its categorical version is synthesized. The need for this scheme of the Markov algorithm is due to the solution of the problem of folding Markov occurrences of words into each other of large length for their more compact representation. The idea of organizing a convolution for the entire topos is tested separately. The term “topos of hashes” is introduced into scientific circulation. This topos is considered as an alternative way to represent blocks of chains of Markov occurrences. The hash topos is formed from hash trees known in blockchain technology. This idea follows from previous studies of classifiers in topos, as well as the possibility of splitting chains of Markov occurrences into blocks. The convolution is considered using gamma and hash functions. In the course of the study, it was possible to theoretically show the connection between Markov algorithms and blockchain technology, taking into account the fact that each chain of occurrences of words in each other is considered as a category, and these chains are formed in different sources, otherwise worlds, and the way they are synthesized may have signs of a creative process, then a connection was found between the theories of categories, algorithms, blockchain technology and intuitionistic models by S. Kripke and L. E. Ya. Brouwer.

Of land and sea. "Interested solidarities" and the migration industry from below

This paper explores economic interactions between displaced people, local societies and spatial dimensions of migration management and border con-trols, most notably camps, focusing on the northeast Aegean islands of Chios and Lesvos. It explores the diverse activities, practices, transactions and rela-tions developing in, around and in relation to migrant camps, the array of eco-nomic actors involved, and the multiple spatialities operating at different scales. These actors intersect in various ways and occasionally interact in overlapping networks, stimulating "developmental" processes in fields of eco-nomic activities within but also beyond the migration industries. Building pri-marily on fieldwork conducted on the two islands in 2020, as well as on sec-ondary data and desk research, the paper argues that reception policies create value and mobilise resources in ways that may deepen existing inequalities or even produce new ones, capitalizing on the presence of the migrants them-selves.

Влияние санкций на мирохозяйственные связи России

The work assesses the impact of sanctions on world economic relations based on changes in the relationships between the most important indicators of economic development of countries — economic growth rates. An assessment of world economic relations, the degree of closeness of economic interaction between countries in the work is given by determining the correlations of economic growth rates in countries for the periods before and after the introduction of antiRussian sanctions — for the period 2005–2012 and for the period 2014–2022. The results obtained from assessing the closeness of world economic ties indicate that anti-Russian sanctions introduced at the initiative of the United States have had a significant and very complex impact on international economic relations. Firstly, despite the anti-Russian nature of the sanctions, which were initiated by the United States, they practically did not disrupt Russia’s ties with the United States. This suggests that the sanctions were introduced with the expectation that they would strike not only the Russian economy, but also the economies of the most developed partners of the United States, such as the EU countries, Great Britain, and Japan. This in turn can serve as a stimulus for the development of the US economy. Secondly, sanctions have changed the structure of Russia’s world economic ties and increased the closeness of ties between the Russian economy and China and Singapore. Morocco, preserved Russia’s ties with Belarus, India, and Indonesia. Anti-Russian sanctions, on the one hand, limited Russia’s world economic ties; on the other hand, they opened up opportunities for the development of economic ties with new large and rapidly developing countries.

Social interactions and contract enforcement in the postcolonial Arab world. Evidence from the industrial elite of Morocco, 1956–1982

ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of social interactions in contract enforcement within the postcolonial Arab world, with a specific focus on Morocco. Through extensive interviews with members of the industrial elite during the import-substituting industrialization (ISI) period, we uncover a significant risk of contractual breaches. Despite this risk, there was a reluctance to use social connections to penalize those who breached contracts. Legal recourse was also rarely pursued. Instead, business leaders leaned on their social networks to assess potential partners and resolve disputes through bilateral channels. This reliance on social ties was facilitated by the close-knit and compact nature of the business community. In the post-ISI era, characterized by a larger and more diverse industrial elite, there was a noticeable increase in contractual disputes, accompanied by a shift towards more aggressive resolution methods. We present a theoretical model that elucidates how these dynamics naturally emerge from an environment where economic and social interactions are intertwined.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict, soaring international energy prices, and implications for global economic policies

This study examines the economic impact of soaring international energy prices during the Russia-Ukraine conflict from February 23, 2022, to May 31, 2022. Notably, by applying a CGE model, this study offers insights into energy policies at both macroeconomic and industrial levels, emphasizing the model's utility in analyzing complex economic interactions under geopolitical stress. Findings indicate that: (1) Russia, a critical energy-producing country, faced severe economic setbacks due to sanctions, with its GDP contracting by 5.5 %, household income decreasing by 4 %, and consumer spending dropping by 3.5 %. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in domestic investment by 6 %, a decline in output by 5 %, and a decrease in societal welfare indicators. (2) Other energy-producing countries or regions, such as the Middle Eastern oil-producing countries, Australia, Canada, Mexico, and Southeast Asia, experienced economic benefits from the global energy market's “crowding-out effect.” These regions saw an increase in GDP ranging from 2 % to 4.5 %, output growth by 3 %–6 %, and household income and consumption improvements by approximately 3 %–5 %. However, these benefits were tempered by a 1 %–2.5 % decline in domestic investment due to rising local energy costs. (3) Developed and developing regions, suffered adverse impacts, including the US, UK, EU, Japan, China, South Asia, Middle Eastern non-oil-producing countries, and Africa. These regions reported a decrease in GDP by 0.5 %–3 %, a decline in household income by 2 %–4 %, and lower consumption rates by 1.5 %–3.5 %. The economic strain was further exacerbated by an inflation increase of up to 2 % across these economies. This research offers valuable insights for governments and policymakers globally to address the challenges posed by the Ukraine crisis-induced energy crisis, underscoring the need for strategic energy policy adjustments and economic resilience planning.

Exploring the geographical dimensions of an urban periodic market in the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, India: insights into its structure and functioning

ABSTRACT The present study delves into understanding the dynamics and significance of the Morigaon town weekly market (MTWM), located in the central agro-climatic region of the Brahmaputra Valley, India. The primary objective is to examine the structure, functions and characteristics of this urban periodic market. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive methodology was employed, including personal field visits, market observations, respondent surveys of 300 vendors and 300 customers, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate a substantial demand among urban dwellers for local agricultural products, leading to a notable expansion of the market over the years. It has also been found that the majority of vendors, comprising 78% of the total, participate in this market regularly, with 54% of them travelling from neighbouring villages within a range of 10-15 km. This study underscores the importance of periodic markets in facilitating economic interactions between urban and rural areas, especially in regions such as the Brahmaputra Valley. The findings not only enhance understanding of the MTWM, but also offer insights for developing policies and strategies to support similar markets globally where similar economic dynamics exist.

Ethnic integration in the “Lin-ge” migration epic: a grassroots perspective

This study comprehensively analyzes China’s ethnic migration epic, “Lin-ge,” as a case study to explore the cultural and social phenomena it reveals about exchanges, communication and integration among ethnic groups. It reveals how this process has facilitated mutual understanding and integration among diverse ethnic communities from a grassroots level. Focusing on inter-ethnic religious syncretism, economic interactions, warfare exchanges, trade practices, and intermarriages depicted in “Lin-ge,” the research showcases the complexity and dynamism of ethnic integration. It emphasizes the pivotal role of regional community identity in bridging different ethnic groups and forming the foundational cultural logic behind the identity of the Chinese national community. Through textual analysis, this study finds that “Lin-ge” transcends the boundaries between official and folk, sacred and secular, and historical and contemporary narratives, presenting a more inclusive and diversified perspective of the Chinese national community. The research highlights that the syncretism of religious beliefs, cultural exchanges, and social practices are key mechanisms in shaping the identity of regional social communities and promoting harmonious coexistence among various ethnic groups. Moreover, by reviewing extensive literature and conducting case analyses, this study provides a thorough understanding of China’s ethnic policies, ethnic relations, and the formation and development of multi-ethnic communities. The findings are not only of significant academic relevance to the fields of ethnology and anthropology but also offer practical guidance for addressing ethnic issues and promoting ethnic unity and national integration in modern society.

Some Trends in EAEU Cooperation with Latin-Caribbean America

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is a rapidly developing integration structure. Its main priority in activities is economic development, even more precisely, trade. At the same time, at the beginning of its activities, the main attention of the member states of the association was focused on the development of domestic trade. The creation of a customs union and a single economic space basically solved this problem. The current development of the structure, in accordance with the global trend, was the expansion of trade relations with border, regional and non-regional partners. Thus, there is a process of integration of integrations, i.e. interaction at the level of integration structures and individual states. Since the EAEU’s main activity is the economy, first of all, we are talking about the creation of Free Trade Zones (FTAs).Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the dynamics and directions of the development of relations between the EAEU and the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.Tasks. Consider the main trends and stages of interaction between the LACB countries and the EAEU; identify new directions for the development of Eurasian integration.Methods. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to analyze integration processes taking into account various directions. The method of historical and comparative analysis was used to compare the concepts of the development of integration. Situational analysis made it possible to demonstrate the dynamics of the development of Eurasian integration and the formation of interaction with external actors.The sociological approach made it possible to consider as a special variety of international structures with the characteristics of both intergovernmental bodies and organizations.Results. Against the background of the development of economic interaction, new areas of interaction have been identified.Conclusions. In the current third stage of cooperation between the EAEU and the LKA, the element of political communication of the organization’s information function is strengthened, which is a response to the political crisis on the one hand, and on the other, opposition to Western sanctions in terms of attempts to isolate Russia in the world.

Analisis Fungsi Taman-Taman Kota di Kota Bogor Berdasarkan Persepsi Masyarakat

The availability of city parks is an important thing in spatial planning. This is regulated in the Ministerial Regulation (Permen) of Public Works (PU) Number 05/PRT/M/2008. Referring to this policy, the number of city parks in Bogor City has met the minimum requirements. However, more than quantity is needed if it is balanced with good quality city parks. This research aims to identify the quality of city park functions in Bogor City based on public perceptions. This research is descriptive with an inductive analysis method. Data was collected from part of the population using a random sampling method. Based on the analysis of the four functions of parks in Bogor City, they are running relatively well. Ecologically, city parks in Bogor, on average, have a good function as noise reducers, oxygen producers, windbreaks, and rain catchment areas. Regarding social and cultural functions, city parks in Bogor City have various assessments. People give a good assessment of the function of city parks as a means of social interaction, recreation, and play. Economically, city parks in the city of Bogor are considered by the community to be a sufficient space for economic interaction. However, no source of products produced from these city parks can have economic value. Aesthetically, city parks in Bogor City have a good average score for their function as supporting the city's beauty, increasing comfort, and forming factors of architectural beauty. It is hoped that the findings from this research can become a basis for improving the arrangement and management of city parks in Bogor City.

Russia’s Participation in the Development of Transport and Logistics Highways of the EAEU Member States

Aim. An overview analysis of the prospects for trade and economic relations in the EAEU, the SCO countries and other interested states, coupled with interests in the geo-economic and geopolitical Eurasian space in the conditions of artificial escalation of local tensions by the collective West.Tasks. Search and evaluation of optimal routes for the development of traditional and new transport and logistics highways, their branched corridors from the perspective of strengthening economic integration agreements, security and interaction of the Eurasian Union with the SCO countries.Methods. The article uses methodological tools of spatial economics, economic, geographical and geopolitical analysis of the interests of states, analysis and synthesis of interests and synergy of interests of the participating states of global Eurasian projects.Conclusions. The study showed the possibilities of new and old transport magistral (the highway) systems (TMS), both through Kazakhstan and through the development of a unique alternative — the Northern Sea Route (NSR) with the construction of a completely new infrastructure and their maintenance. The issues of TMS on the BAM and Trans-Siberian railway were touched upon. An assessment of alternatives to TMS in terms of cost and time is given. The potential opportunities of the expanding TMS and cargo traffic along the Caspian-Caspian corridor, both overland from the east (Turkmenistan — Kazakhstan — Russia) and the western shore of the Caspian Sea (Iran — Azerbaijan — Russia), as well as along waterways along the same “North — South” corridor, are indicated.Results. An assessment of effective routes has been carried out; strategic objectives have been identified for newly opened transport and logistics highways, which are defined as “new lye routes” through the territories of the EAEU and neighboring interested states (China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, etc.), which gradually plan to enter into closer relations from participating observers relations in the international division of labor.