Process Of Economic Integration Research Articles

AMERİKA BİRLƏŞMİŞ ŞTATLARININ MÜXTƏLİF ŞTATLARINDA CİNAYƏT QANUNVERİCİLİYİNDƏ CİNAYƏTİN ANLAYIŞINA DAİR MÜDDƏALAR

In the article: The globalization of the modern world makes it urgent to study the legislative practice of foreign countries (including criminal law). The lack of specialized literature on this topic makes it difficult to solve this problem.The study of foreign law is necessary not only to guide the processes of global economic, political and cultural integration and unification, but above all to facilitate domestic criminal law. U.S. criminal law has long developed under the influence of British common law and has gradually taken shape. Therefore, in different states of the United States, the criminal law analyzes the provisions on the definition of crime. Key words: crime, felony, misdiminora, murder

Trans-Pacific Partnership: History of Gradual Development of Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region

The Asia-Pacific region today represents an example of deep regional economic integration. This was largely facilitated by the creation of the TRANS-Pacific Partnership. The undisputed advantages of the Trans-Pacific Partnership are the following: opening markets to all member countries, unifying trade rules, removing obstacles to financial cooperation, creating a favorable investment climate and new guarantees to protect small and medium-sized businesses. The analysis of historical stages of creation and development of a such kind of regional association allows us to trace the evolution of economic integration processes and assess the effectiveness and attractiveness of this type of integration. The study of the specifics of the origin of such a large integration Association in Asia is of interest from the point of view of searching for new “growth points” for integration associations in the Eurasian region and in particular in the post-Soviet space.

Not without family: refugee family entrepreneurship and economic integration process

PurposeRefugee entrepreneurship is increasing because of the increased influx of refugees around the globe. This leaves us with the question that how refugees integrate economically in the host country in the presence of all social, emotional and economic constraints. Existing literature suggests looking into the role of social capital to address refugee economic integration, particularly in developing nations. To acknowledge this call, this paper aims to explore the impact of family social capital on the economic integration process. Particularly, this study has investigated the Afghan refugee entrepreneurial activities and the integration process of Afghan refugees in economic and social spaces in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study is rooted in 18 in-depth interviews with five participants that run small businesses in the city of Rawalpindi in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings revealed Afghan refugee entrepreneurs, develop a different type of family social capital i.e. horizontal and vertical social capital. Afterward, when the acculturation pace up across refugees’ generations then they accumulate bridging social capital gradually. The process of economic integration happens in different stages as also shown in the existing literature. Based on (Berry, 2003; Evansluong et al., 2019; Khulman, 1991) economic integration process this paper has discussed three main stages (entry in labor market, gradual integration and gradual sub-merging in host society) of Afghan refugee economic integration in Pakistan and further this study has shown how different steps are arranged within these stages to smoothen the integration process.Research limitations/implicationsWith this research, this paper calls for a more nuanced approach to address the challenges that are faced by refugees during their economic integration. Future research on Afghan economic and social integration can contribute to a better understanding of refugee settlement, well-being and self-sufficient status in host countries. One of the limitations of the study is the focus on male participants because female Afghan refugees do not work mostly because of strong patriarchal structures observed in refugee Afghan groups.Practical implicationsMost Afghan entrepreneurs consider them as Pakistani and do not want to repatriate to Afghanistan. This provides an opportunity for Pakistani policymakers to provide regulations and opportunities to Afghan entrepreneurs who want to stay in Pakistan and contribute to their family well-being and economic income generation and employment in Pakistan.Social implicationsThe role of the family acts as a means to refugee entrepreneurs’ integration in the host country. Strong migration networks and dense family configurations are a source of pride, responsibility, resilience and self-esteem for Afghan refugees to start and expand their businesses.Originality/valueThis study provides the opportunity to explore the under-researched role of family social capital in the migrant and refugee entrepreneurship literature.

National Tax Security Assessment in the Tax Administration Mechanism

The purpose of the article is to identify the essential features of indicators for national tax security and describe the system they comprise. The scope of the study is a comprehensive analysis of indicators for national tax security, aimed at identifying the nature of the correlation between the tax security and tax fairness indicators in interstate and domestic relations. Without understanding the essence and content of tax security indicators it is impossible to correctly assess the effectiveness of legal measures taken by states in the field of taxation. The article considers the impact of the international economic integration process on the assessment of tax security of different states in the context of the concept of national interests. The discussion on the composition of tax security indicators is based on the impact made by various socio-economic phenomena on taxation. The comparative analysis of legal and economic literature shows that the variety of tax security indicators can be classified into literally tax indicators, other internal economic, foreign economic, managerial, legal, technical, socio-demographic, technological, military, political, climate indicators etc. For the quantitative evaluation of the threats on tax security, certain thresholds on the indicators are set.

Trade Agreements and Latin American Trade (Creation and Diversion) and Welfare

This study analyses the process of economic integration in Latin America. Making use of a structural gravity model, this paper provides an ex-post assessment of the effect of the trade agreements (TAs) signed by Latin American countries on international trade. We account for the last wave of TAs proliferation and estimate treaty level effects. On average, TAs had a positive effect on Latin American trade. This holds true for both intra-Latin American agreements and agreements between Latin American countries and the rest of the world. However, we unveil that these average estimates cover a substantial degree of heterogeneity across TAs. Additionally, we quantify ex-ante general equilibrium effects on the trade volumes and welfare of Latin American countries under different scenarios of deeper integration.

Trade agreements and Latin American trade (creation and diversion) and welfare

AbstractThis study analyses the process of economic integration in Latin America. Making use of a structural gravity model and including intra‐national trade flows, this paper provides an ex‐post assessment of the effect of the trade agreements (TAs) signed by Latin American countries on international trade. We account for the last wave of TAs proliferation and estimate treaty‐level effects. On average, TAs had a positive effect on Latin American trade. This holds true for both intra‐Latin American agreements and agreements between Latin American countries and the Rest‐of‐the‐World (RoW). However, we unveil that these average estimates cover a substantial degree of heterogeneity across TAs. Additionally, we quantify ex‐ante general equilibrium effects on the trade volumes and welfare of Latin American countries under different scenarios of deeper trade integration and disintegration.

Integration of Information Technology and PE Teaching Process

Since entering the new era, with the rapid development of information technology and the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, many aspects of my country’s social life and economic fields are undergoing profound historical changes. The integration of information technology and physical education is becoming a hot topic in my country’s current information technology education and even the entire education informatization process. The purpose of this article is to study the integration of information technology and physical education process. This article uses modern information technology to integrate with physical education. The teaching effect produced by it is significantly better than the traditional teaching model. It can more effectively solve the difficulties in the textbook, and can help students establish movement representations and understand movements faster. Essentials to stimulate students’ interest in learning. This research systematically elaborates the connotation and significance of information technology and the impact of information technology on middle school physical education, and scientifically explores the physical education curriculum, analyzes the basis and conditions of the integration of physical education and information technology education, and studies the information technology and middle school through teaching experiments. The mode and effect of physical education integration. This article takes the university’s physical education major curriculum integration as the research object, and conducts research and analysis through literature method, questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method to define the level of information technology and physical education major curriculum integration. Investigation and research show that more than 30% of physical education humanities teachers can often find a suitable resource bank and obtain relevant teaching materials, but the lack of targeted physical education software largely affects teachers’ access to resources.

Features of formation of innovative human resources potential in the context of the development of economic integration processes

The process of formation of innovation-oriented human resources in line with effective results like the world economic community and to the education system by improving the quality of training, internationalisation and cooperation of educational institutions, its focus on consumers of educational services possible in the creation of consortia of universities and national research universities taking into account positive foreign experience. In this article, the authors note the current state of the education system and, in general, personnel training in Kazakhstan, its insignificant isolation from the real needs of the socio-economic system, insufficient relationship with the scientific field of activity. However, on the basis of the differentiation presented examples of successful implementation of state programs of education development in the Republic of Kazakhstan aimed at improving the competitiveness of education and development of human capital through ensuring access to quality education for sustainable economic development, and also noted that the global changes in economic and political life of the country will lead to the emergence of new socially significant landmarks in the educational system. Based on the use of integration from the point of view of the effectiveness of the existing agreements on the Eurasian Economic Union, a number of problems that need to be solved in ensuring the quality of human capital are identified. According to the authors, this leads, in turn, to the importance of measuring potential risks, as well as to the connection with qualitative and quantitative factors of the development of the education system and the training system

THE EAST ASIAN WORLD BETWEEN THE TRENDS OF MODERNIZATION AND CULTURAL UNIQUENESS

The article considers the problem of the correlation to the universality of the East Asian world with the global trends leveling the differences on the example of the political development of the East Asian countries and the processes of economic integration

Distant learning: challenges and risks of 2020

This article presents relevance of distance learning technologies in the current stage of public relations evolution owing to the development level of electronic devices for data transfer, processes of economic integration, the need to “socialize” for people with limited mobility, the need for lifelong learning, and changing conditions of interaction during 2020th pandemic. Based on the analysis of legal as well as organizational and methodological documentation, the available educational experience of general and higher education teachers and our observations, an attempt is made to summarize the challenges of distance learning caused by the imperfection of distance learning regulation, insufficient development of theoretical backgrounds and methodology of distance learning. The mechanism for using ICT technologies in distance learning is also insufficiently developed. This article reveals the decline risks in the quality of education and threats to the health of students in the realization of distance learning. Our own experience in the implementation of distance learning using the “flipped classroom” technology is given.

Налогообложение добавленной стоимости в период третьей европейской интеграции (Римский договор 1957 г.)

Based on an analysis of the regulatory framework of the modified value added tax (VAT), the author has studied the characteristics and singled out periods of the Europe-wide value added taxation. It is noted that the legal mechanism of value added taxation acquires the quality of a rather dynamic regulator of economics in the conditions of the European Union, while the arising effects of social correction, slowdown of capital widening and economic integration processes positively affect social development in each socially oriented European states.

Developing Sustainable Tourism: Critical Perspective from Bac Kan Province, Vietnam

Currently, many countries appreciated the role of sustainable tourism development because tourism plays an important role in socio - economic development and the process of international economic integration. This paper focuses on assessing the sustainability of tourism development in Bac Kan province, uses both of secondary data and primary data; and the statistical, systematic, synthesized method. The study shows that local authorities focused on planning and investing in tourism facilities, so tourism is increasingly developing with the total revenue from tourism also increasing rapidly in the period 2017-2019; creates many job s . However, tourism development also makes indigenous culture much changed and has negative effects on the environment. On basis of the research results, the study give s some recommendations aim to contribute in the sustainable development of Bac Kan’ s tourism.

The process of economic integration and globalization in the area of financial reporting, focusing on publication of financial statements in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of the European Union

Research background: One of the most important features of the current development of the world economy is international integration, which is taking on global dimensions. Operations of transnational companies and the development of the global capital market brings the necessity of accounting harmonization. The goal of this is to ease the mutual observation, reporting, use and thus creation of a single, international accounting. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to describe the current state of the process of harmonization during preparing the annual accounts in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of the European Union, with the analysis of impacts of change in the legislative framework to the obligations of entities in the area of preparation and publication of financial statements. Methods: Scientific procedures using theoretical methods were used in the paper, which include description, analysis, synthesis, comparison and evaluation, inclusive of processing and evaluation of data and information obtained from research conducted by business entities in the Czech Republic. Findings & Value added: The article analyses the impacts of the process of harmonization and globalization on the area of financial reporting and on publishing financial statements. Based on the acquired theoretical and practical knowledge, the paper suggests possible solutions to improve the informational obligations of accounting units. The paper also evaluates the achievement of compliance in the area of reporting financial statements from the perspective of the Czech Republic and selected countries of the European Union.

ТИПОВІ ПОРУШЕННЯ, ЩО ВИЯВЛЯЮТЬСЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ АУДИТУ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИН ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

The article considers the general principles of internal audit, the concept, essence, as well as theoretical principles and methodological features of internal audit in the military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Considerable attention is also paid to the purpose of internal audit in general and in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in particular. The definition of audit and internal audit is given in accordance with the norms of current regulations of Ukraine. The process of planning, organization and direct conduct of internal audit, as well as the results of auditors' work is described in detail, the analysis of the regulatory framework for conducting internal audit in budgetary institutions and, in particular, in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the stages of audit, analysis of typical violations identified in the process of internal audit and internal control. The analysis of the results of the internal audit for 2014-2019 is carried out, the typical violations revealed in the process of internal audit are given, and the violations in 2019 are considered in detail. Low professionalism and negligent performance of duties by officials appointed to the positions of heads of services and relevant officials are common causes of violations of poor records of military property in military services, which have led to losses, risks of illegal expenditures and shortages. Military units assigned to support, which in their duties had to work out timely documents on the accounting of material values, spending according to the norms and write-off of military property, keeping books of losses and shortages. Today there is a question of introduction of effective system of the organization of internal audit and adaptation of its technique to activity of budgetary institutions including military units of Armed forces of Ukraine in the conditions of reforming and deepening of integration processes in economy of Ukraine.

Assessment of interregional economic integration based on the integral indicator of the level of socio-economic development

To search for and identify rational and effective solutions on deepening interregional cooperation, an unbiased assessment of the existing level, potential, and restrictions of the process of interregional integration is required. For assessing the state and prospects of development of interregional economic integration (along with other its types: production and technological, information and communication etc.), the analysis of the state and development trends of interregional commodity exchange as a carrier of integrational and economic functions is preferential. Methods and tools of investigating the processes of interregional economic integration, analysis and assessment of its existent level, used for these purposes in practice, do not always adequately reflect real conditions of functioning of economically integrated regions. Therefore, the need for developing well-known and working-out new approaches and methods for investigating the processes of interregional integration, assessment of tools and methods of managerial decision making, in order to enhance it and improve efficiency, prove the relevance of the chosen subject of investigation. To assess the degree of interregional interaction of the southern regions of Russia, a proprietary methodology is proposed.

Оцінка маркетингового потенціалу підприємства та обґрунтування заходів з його підвищення

The article estimates the marketing potential of enterprise and substantiates the measures to increase it. The economic potential of marketing activity is the final economic result of the introduction of relevant marketing measures, derived from achieving a positive result from the implementation of marketing solutions at optimal costs in therms of both material and financial funds, taking into account the accomplishment of planned tasks. The deployment of processes of international economic integration in the course of globalization of the system of world economic relations causes the inter-penetrating of individual national economies, coordination of government actions in the development of economic policy that corresponds to the interests of all parties involved in the integration process, also with regard to third countries. Integration is ensured by the concentration and intertwining of various capital. Integration processes are rational in nature, gaining the form of associations aimed at achieving the overall economic targets of the participants. Competitive advantages arise as a result of rivalry in the projecting, production, sale and operation of products. Their formation is seriously influenced by the competitive environment: potential and current competitors, consumers of products and suppliers, manufacturers of substitute goods, as well as the State regulation. Under these conditions, the formation of competitive advantages is transformed into the task of active adaptation of the enterprise management system to changes in the competitive environment. Although, real positive results are achieved where this work is brought to the level of management technologies.

ВПЛИВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗМІН НА СВІТОВЕ ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЗРОСТАННЯ

Globalization is a process of global economic, political and cultural integration and unification. As a result of globalization, the world becomes more connected and dependent on all its subjects. There is an increase in both the number of problems common to groups of states and the number and types of integrated entities. The main consequences of globalization are the international division of labor, migration across the planet of capital, human and productive resources, standardization. In a globalized world economy, the reason for differences in economic growth and income inequality between countries is explained on the basis of technological differences. The level of development of science and technology in the country directly affects the socio-economic development of society and the level of efficiency of technological and production processes. The creation of high-tech industries today is becoming the main direction of ensuring the competitiveness of products in world markets. The innovation factor in economic development is known to play a key role and causes radical changes in the structure of economic activity and productivity levels, which directly affect the level of competitiveness. Today, the creation of high-tech industries is becoming the main direction of ensuring the competitiveness of products in world markets. The standards of life, education, culture, health, information support of the population and business are changing in the society, new and traditional needs of the society are being formed and developing. The role of international scientific cooperation is growing, for example, in the development of outer space, in the field of genetics and energy of the future. The purpose of science and technology is to enable businesses and individuals to use technology more efficiently, as this reduces costs and increases productivity. The use of new technologies opens the way for the production of new cheap goods and for the accumulation of capital, and thus to increase the international competitiveness of individual countries, as well as to improve the quality of research institutions, and on the other hand promoting cultural and political development. The quality of growth rates is just as important as their size. It is revealed that the development of machinery and technology leads to the continuous development of society. Changes in world GDP depending on world technological systems are analyzed. A clear interdependence of economic development of each country and the world as a whole on the development of technological systems has been established.

Research on External Coordination Mode of Internal Audit

With the accelerating process of world economic integration, the rapid changes of economic environment lead to more intense market competition and more detailed specialization. Modern enterprises are unlikely to achieve optimal strongest in each aspect. Many enterprises choose to concentrate their superior resources on the development of the most core business. For those businesses that enterprises are not familiar with or not good at, they often choose to transfer to external professional organizations, so the external coordination mode of internal audit also arises at the historic moment. External coordination of internal audit means that the management of an enterprise entrusts all or part of its internal audit function to an external third party. External coordination of internal audit can be manifested in three modes: outsourcing accounting firms, cooperating with Certified Public Accountants or other internal audit personnel, and cooperating with other internal audit institutions to implement cross-audit. This is an enterprise governance mode established according to the principle of cost-benefit and in line with the principle of modern corporate governance. It not only has profound theoretical basis but also is a realistic choice in the process of institutional change. External coordination of internal audit can solve the problems of insufficient internal audit resources and lack of skills of internal audit personnel. External coordination of internal audit can improve the independence of internal audit, reduce audit cost and improve audit quality. The limitation of external coordination of internal audit is that it cannot meet the personalized requirements of enterprises, and it is not conducive to the establishment and improvement of internal control. And it is difficult to coordinate with the long-term goals of enterprises. In addition, the process of external coordination of internal audit may involve the leakage of trade secrets and other problems. When considering the choice of external coordination mode of internal audit, enterprises should make comprehensive analysis and judgment from the three aspects of audit independence, cost-benefit and audit quality. The final decision is made by the management according to the specific situation and actual needs of the enterprise.

Is a New Asian Monetary Fund Emerging?

The plan initiated by Japan for forming an Asian Monetary Fund in a mode of ASEAN+3 countries after Asian financial crisis in 1997 was not realised due to opposition from USA, IMF and China and the plan was revamped through CMI multilateral currency swap and pacific nation’s joining with US Dollar hegemony but at present it is confronting Chinese supremacy over the region. Thus, in this paper the author thought of forming a new Asian bloc consisting of SAARC, ASEAN, GCC, China, Japan and Korea for which a new framework of Asian Monetary Fund can be set up with a view to not only supplying additional liquidity in crisis period as well as for developmental finance but also can function for issuing a common currency of the new Asian bloc that is a currency basket which will be formed by currencies of China, Japan and Korea and the currencies of blocs viz SAARC, ASEAN and GCC where unit of account of currency will be measured by gold or silver and the exchange of currency unit of Asia is primarily fixed with Chinese Yuan. The exchange rates of all currencies in the basket will be calculated daily through floating exchange rate mechanism in Asian bloc and common currency will also be floated in SDR basket if CUA is included in SDR basket. The exchange rates will be maintained by Asian Monetary Fund through target zone of ±2.5% fluctuation. The plan also requires monetary and trade integration as well as political integration with the implementation of Asian stock exchange institute, Asian Parliament, Asian Security council, Asian Central Bank and Asian Clearing Union respectively. The common barriers like Sino-Japan rivalry, US dollar hegemony, non-cooperation from IMF, premature OCA criteria and low capital market internationalisation may delay the process of Asian Economic Integration towards formation of a new Asian Monetary Fund.

Investigation of interregional economic integration based on index analysis

The paper suggests an approach based on the application of index analysis when studying the process of interregional economic integration. Interregional economic integration can be regarded as a multilateral process, covering various industrial and business ties, social and economic relations, arising between mesa economic entities – regions of the country. Economic interests of the entities of transregional ties are the backbone foundation of this process. The practical use of the index method for the analysis of the interregional commodity turnover as one of the main economic indicators that define the development of interregional economic integration, made it possible to study geographic structure of import and export of goods, evaluate and obtain new results characterizing interregional interaction of Rostov Region with regions of the Southern Federal District in dynamics for three large types of products: food products, non-food products, technical and industrial goods. In the course of study of trade and business ties of the region with other participants of the interregional integration the sectoral and geographical structures of import and export of goods, interdependence of economic-wide indicators and the degrees of the region’s economic ties development, the problems of the efficiency of the existing sectoral structure of interregional commodity exchange were analyzed.