Economic Impact Research Articles

Floating offshore wind – an overview of marine spatial planning and the needs of the industry

Abstract The International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Task 49 aims to accelerate the commercialisation of floating wind. Work package 4 of the task analyses and incorporates the views of key stakeholders to ensure the Task is aligned with industrial needs. Work package 4 is broadly split into innovation management and marine spatial planning (MSP). The innovation management section evaluates the potential social, environmental and economic impact of floating wind innovations by surveying a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders to ask them to compare the potential impact of identified innovations. The survey results will inform a scored ranking of floating wind innovations, and the future research directions for the Task. In the MSP section representatives from partner countries are interviewed to assess their domestic offshore wind sector and discuss the approach the country has taken to MSP, with a focus on floating wind. The other explored parameters include MSP regulations, offshore wind policy and targets, supply chain capabilities, and environmental and fisheries impact assessments. A synthesis of what stakeholders perceive as impactful innovation, and an understanding of the direction of the industry and policy can be built from the two parts. This paper describes the methodology used to create this synthesis and findings from the first year of work are shared.

Unveiling the True Price: Assessing the Economic Impact of Cosmetic Surgery Tourism on a Single Tertiary Center in Bahrain

Abstract Background In light of the escalating cost of cosmetic surgery in Bahrain, the burgeoning “Cosmetic Surgery Tourism” sector has captured the attention of many Bahrainis. Neighboring countries aggressively promote affordable packages on numerous social media platforms, luring individuals with the allure of a vacation experience. However, insufficient postoperative care abroad has far-reaching implications that jeopardize both patient well-being and the integrity of the healthcare system. Objectives This study aims to assess the present patterns of complications related to cosmetic surgery tourism and the resulting financial burden on the Bahraini healthcare system. Methods A retrospective cost analysis and chart review were performed for all patients who presented with complaints associated with cosmetic surgeries between January 2018 and September 2023. After identifying patient demographics, procedure characteristics, admission data, length of stay, and intervention needs, a comprehensive cost analysis was conducted. Results A total of thirty patients manifested complications. Complications associated with abdominoplasty were the most prevalent. Iran emerged as the most frequented destination, with Egypt and Turkey following in order of prevalence. Surgical-site infections constituted the most common complications. Required interventions included admission for intravenous antibiotics, hyperbaric wound care, implant removal, and critical care admission. The projected expense to the hospital was 65,970 BHD (175,000 USD), equating to an average expenditure of 2,200 BHD (5,852 USD) per patient. Conclusions The allure of cost-effective cosmetic treatments often leads to complications that impose substantial economic burdens. The study concludes with policy recommendations to balance individuals’ freedom to seek healthcare abroad with long-term sustainability and equitable access to Bahrain's healthcare system.

Exploring the Economic Impacts of Immigration in European Union: Opportunities, Challenges, and Legal Implications

Exploring the Economic Impacts of Immigration in European Union: Opportunities, Challenges, and Legal Implications

Economic impact of planting dates and cultivars on tomato farming in Southern Telangana

Economic impact of planting dates and cultivars on tomato farming in Southern Telangana

Economical-epidemiological analysis of the coffee trees rust pandemic.

Coffee leaf rust is a prevalent botanical disease that causes a worldwide reduction in coffee supply and its quality, leading to immense economic losses. While several pandemic intervention policies (PIPs) for tackling this rust pandemic are commercially available, they seem to provide only partial epidemiological relief for farmers. In this work, we develop a high-resolution spatiotemporal economical-epidemiological model, extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed model, that captures the rust pandemic's spread in coffee tree farms and its associated economic impact. Through extensive simulations for the case of Colombia, a country that consists mostly of small-size coffee farms and is the second-largest coffee producer in the world, our results show that it is economically impractical to sustain any profit without directly tackling the rust pandemic. Furthermore, even in the hypothetical case where farmers perfectly know their farm's epidemiological state and the weather in advance, any rust pandemic-related efforts can only amount to a limited profit of roughly 4% on investment. In the more realistic case, any rust pandemic-related efforts are expected to result in economic losses, indicating that major disturbances in the coffee market are anticipated.

Corrigendum to “Economic impact of more stringent environmental standard in China: Evidence from a regional policy experimentation in pulp and paper industry” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 158 (2020), 104831

Corrigendum to “Economic impact of more stringent environmental standard in China: Evidence from a regional policy experimentation in pulp and paper industry” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 158 (2020), 104831

Antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Fusarium equiseti phytopathogen isolated from tomato plant in Nepal

Fungal diseases pose a major threat to global agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields, health issues and significant economic impact. Application of nanoparticles are being explored in agriculture because of its ecofriendly as well as enhanced antimicrobial properties. In this study, using an aqueous extract of air-dried tea leaves, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are synthesized and it was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic analysis. The growth inhibition activity of the ZnO-NPs was investigated against a phytopathogenic fungus, which was isolated and identified as Fusarium equiseti from tomato plant leaves. Our result showed that application of ZnO NPs at 750 ppm to 1200 ppm concentration range inhibited the growth of F. equiseti by 77.6% to 85.1% at 7 days of seeding the fungi in PDA media. Microscopic observation of the fungal strain treated with ZnO NPs showed that the presence of the nanoparticles agglomerates the normal hyphae of F. equiseti and formed curve tips and breakage of mycelia. Hence, our study shows that application ZnO NPs is promising approach for fungal growth inhibition and can be deployed to inhibit other plant diseases causing microbes in agriculture.

From restriction to relaxation: the impact of fertility policy on household savings across countries

This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of fertility policy adjustments on household saving rates using a panel data policy evaluation approach. We examine seven Asian regions that initially implemented restrictive fertility policies and later relaxed them, providing a unique empirical context for understanding the economic impact of such policy shifts. The analysis indicates that early restrictive fertility policies had a significant impact on the household saving rate, resulting in increases ranging from 4 to 21 percent across countries. However, the subsequent relaxation of these policies had mostly insignificant effects on household savings rates, with the exception of Japan. Specifically, the implementation of fertility restriction policies in China, Hong Kong (China), Malaysia, and Singapore is associated with a 4-10 percent increase in the household saving rate. In Korea, these policies lead to an increase of 18.3 percent, and in Iran, the effect is most pronounced, with a 21 percent increase in the household saving rate. In contrast, the relaxation of family planning policies in Japan resulted in a 6.4 percent decrease in the household savings rate. These results provide new quantitative evidence on the impact of fertility on household saving rates, support the life-cycle theory of saving, and provide explanations for the differential impact of such policy adjustments.

Yield and economic impact of spacings and varieties of rajma (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation during kharif season

Yield and economic impact of spacings and varieties of rajma (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation during kharif season

PREREQUISITES FOR THE APPLICATION OF MONETARY POLICY TOOLS OF THE "NEW REALITY" IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPACT OF MILITARY AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE

The prospects of using a new type of monetary policy instruments, which determine modern significant changes in the development of global financial, economic and social relations, caused by the geopolitical influence of military aggression in Ukraine, are studied. Not only the negative financial and economic impact on the country victim of hostilities, i.e. Ukraine, was established. Problems with inflation and debt were also identified in the G7 countries, as well as in China due to the consequences of the war in Ukraine. It was determined that the financial system of countries that have close trade and monetary transactions with developed market countries will also have a significant impact of the global crisis. The financial and economic indicators of Ukraine, the G7 countries and China for the medium term are predicted. The influence of the main financial threats on the macroeconomic stability of the country's economy in the conditions of military aggression is determined, and the main instruments of monetary policy that would allow maintaining such stability are indicated. It is noted that the use of a new type of monetary policy in modern realities, based on non-traditional instruments, will contribute to overcoming the negative impact of military aggression in all countries that experience it.

Nonlinear Dynamics of a Zoonotic Disease with Control Interventions through Fractional Derivative

The zoonotic infection campylobacteriosis poses a significant public health burden, contributing to widespread morbidity and, in severe cases, mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The economic impact is considerable, with costs arising from medical care, hospitalization, lost productivity, and the need for stringent food safety measures. In this paper, we model the dynamics of campylobacteriosis with drug resistance in humans and animals using fractional derivatives. The fundamental concepts of fractional derivatives are presented to analyze the disease dynamics. Our work focuses on both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the proposed model. The fixed-point theorem is applied to investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions. We also examine the stability of the system through analytical techniques. To further explore the system, a numerical scheme is introduced to visualize the solution pathways and assess the influence of various factors. We demonstrate the dynamics of campylobacteriosis with drug resistance, highlighting the effects of different factors on infection levels. Furthermore, our results identify the key factors crucial for effective disease control and management.

The Beehives of Stingless Bees in Manipur, India and Their Ecological and Economic Impact to Farmers

Stingless bees (Trigona spp.) are important pollinators in tropical and subtropical ecosystems, playing a vital role in maintaining biodiversity and agricultural productivity. In Manipur, traditional bamboo beehives are used to house these bees, reflecting a culturally significant and sustainable approach to beekeeping. This study examines the ecological and economic impacts of stingless bee beekeeping with bamboo hives in Manipur, using data from field surveys, interviews, and honey production analysis. The results show that stingless bees contribute to a 25-30% increase in crop yield through enhanced pollination. Bamboo beekeeping also generates an average household income increase of 20-35% from the sale of honey and other products. The demand of stingless bee honey is becoming high due to its unique medicinal properties. Despite these benefits, challenges such as habitat loss, climate change, and technical limitations persist. The findings suggest that integrating traditional knowledge with modern beekeeping practices could address these challenges and optimize the ecological and economic potential of stingless bee conservation in the region. This paper emphasizes for supportive policies and further research to fully realize the potential of bamboo beekeeping in Manipur.

The economic and environmental impact of fire preventive strategies in the Mediterranean region

Fire behaviour in the Mediterranean region has been altered by climate change. In the last decade, not only has the occurrence of fires increased but also their virulence. This is primarily due to higher temperatures and the decrease in the rainfall, which have made forest ecosystems less able to withstand fires. It has also been observed that most wildfires are related directly or indirectly with human actions, and they usually occur in wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas. The current research focuses on the economic quantification of the benefits that fire preventive strategies could generate, demonstrating that it is worth it to invest in this kind of measures for both the environment and the society. This study shows the results of a pioneering project, called GUARDIAN, which is applied in a WUI area located at the east of Spain, with the aim of preventing and combating wildfires that could put at risk the life of 15,000 inhabitants while preserving the Natural Park of Túria and La Vallesa (Valencia-Spain). GUARDIAN is a multifaceted project that integrates recycled water, advanced technology, and ecological enhancements to create a more fire-resilient environment while educating and preparing the local community for fire-related challenges. The results of the current research intend to give a value to those benefits of the project that usually have not a market value and are difficult to measure, and due to that fact, they are not usually considered in the cost-benefit analysis. The methodology applied allows to compare in economic terms the environmental benefits of fire preventive measures implemented in the GUARDIAN project with the costs incurred by the measures developed. The environmental area protected by the project results in a value that ranges between €338,035,481 to €485,384,281. Accordingly, the methodology and results of this study are of great interest to public administrations, encouraging the implementation of fire preventive strategies.

Costs and economic impact of student-led clinics-A systematic review.

Student-led clinics generate a range of benefits to multiple stakeholder groups. Students receive important educational opportunities to advance in their training. Patients with limited access to care may access effective care or a higher amount of effective care and so reduce burden on the health care system. The financial viability of student-led clinics run by universities is uncertain, and establishing this is complicated by the range of stakeholder costs and benefits that may be involved. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence related to the costs and benefits of student-led clinics and report the methods that have been used to measure these costs and benefits. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE All, PsychInfo, CINAHL, A+ Education (Informit), ERIC (ProQuest) and ProQuest Education databases for studies that reported the costs and/or economic benefits of student-led clinics from inception through August 2023. Studies were screened for eligibility, and data were extracted including study characteristics, student-led clinic description and economic outcomes. A narrative synthesis was undertaken due to the heterogeneity of studies. Of 349 potentially eligible studies, 24 were included. Nine studies (38%) used an outcome description-monetised approach; four used partial economic evaluation (17%); four employed cost description (17%); two used cost approximation (8%); two used cost analyses (8%); and one was a full economic analysis (4%). Studies examined costs or benefits, from the perspective of a range of stakeholders, but few examined both. Only six studies (25%) had established the clinical effectiveness of their service. Student clinics generate costs for universities in supplying supervision, capital and consumables. Benefits are shared by patients, students, universities and the broader health system, however, economic evaluations to date have largely ignored or not monetised/valued these benefits. Student-led clinics involve many different stakeholders, each of whom may incur costs and reap benefits. This complicates how we can go about trying to establish the economic efficiency and viability of student-led clinics. Measurement of both costs and benefits is needed to understand the efficiency of student-led clinics in comparison to alternatives. Without the full picture, decision-makers may make decisions that are ill-informed and lead to a loss of benefit for society.

Legal Certainty in the Division of Joint Property after Divorce

This study aims to analyze the legal certainty in the distribution of joint property after divorce, with an emphasis on the challenges faced in the implementation of the law in Indonesia. The division of joint property is a crucial issue in the context of divorce which often causes disputes between former spouses, where the principles of justice and equality should take precedence. In this study, a normative juridical approach is used to examine laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions related to the division of common property, with a focus on Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Civil Code. The results show that despite the legal provisions governing the division of common property, its implementation is often hampered by various factors, including differences in interpretation among judges, the existence of cultural values that influence decisions, and technical obstacles in asset valuation. Variations in court decisions create legal uncertainty that not only harms one party, but also impacts the welfare of children involved in divorce. Uncertainty about the rights and obligations of each party has the potential to cause prolonged conflicts and harm all parties. As part of the analysis, the study also highlights the social and economic impact of legal uncertainty in the distribution of assets, especially for the financially weaker parties. To improve fairness and certainty in the division of common property, this study recommends the need for more detailed and uniform guidelines in court decision-making procedures, as well as harmonization between national and local regulations. Thus, it is hoped that the process of distributing joint property after divorce can be carried out in a fairer, more efficient, and transparent manner, so that the interests of all parties, especially children, can be well protected.

How Star Power Drives Video Game Success

Well-known actors, or stars, clearly are relevant for movies. Today, their influence also extends to interactive video games, for which budgets have reached triple-digit millions of dollars. Yet no existing research addresses the economic impact of star power on video game success across various game traits and reviews. Analyzing video games released on the popular distribution platform Steam between 2008 and 2022, the current study reveals that casting stars as game characters has positive effects on the valence of professional reviews, which in turn affect game success. Stars can therefore increase the quality of a game and reduce uncertainty about it. This impact varies depending on game traits, however. Based on these results, the authors develop an interactive dashboard that managers can use to simulate how they can strategically leverage star power to increase game success.

BPR RESILIENCE IN ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY: COMPARISON OF BPR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The primary objective of this study was to examine the performance of BPRs in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The focus was on assessing financial performance variables, including Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Return on Asset (ROA), and Credit Disbursement. To achieve the study's objectives, a Descriptive Statistical Analysis was employed to provide a detailed overview of BPR performance during the two distinct periods. Additionally, a Difference Test, utilizing the Wilcoxon Test, was conducted to assess the significance of the differences observed between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The results of the analysis revealed notable differences in the condition of BPRs before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Significant changes were observed in financial performance variables such as NPL, ROA, and Credit Disbursement. However, LDR exhibited a tendency to be insignificant during this comparative analysis. It is crucial to acknowledge certain limitations in this study. The analysis focused primarily on financial performance variables, and other relevant factors may need consideration for a comprehensive understanding. Additionally, the study's findings are specific to the given time frame and may not account for potential longer-term effects. The identified differences in BPR performance provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders. These findings can serve as a foundation for designing effective policies and strategies to address the economic impact of the pandemic. Moreover, the study offers essential insights for the banking industry, guiding them in adapting and building resilience in response to unexpected external changes.

Cost minimization analysis of chronic kidney disease management: Evaluating economic strategies for early intervention and treatment optimization

Chronic kidney disease is a common global health condition characterized by progressive loss of kidney function and significant cost burden on the healthcare system worldwide. The disease often coexists with conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, further complicates its management and increasing associated costs. Effective economic management, particularly in the early stages of CKD, is crucial for reducing long-term healthcare expenses and improving patient outcomes. This review examines the utility of cost minimization analysis (CMA) as a strategic tool for evaluating economic options in CKD management. CMA is an economic evaluation method that compares the costs of different therapeutic interventions that have demonstrated equivalent clinical effectiveness, thereby aiding healthcare providers and policymakers in identifying the most cost-efficient options to optimize resource utilization. This review highlights the economic impact of CKD, focusing on the increasing costs linked to advanced disease management and the essential role of early diagnosis and intervention in reducing these costs and explores various cost-effective strategies for CKD management, including pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, and patient education, to identify approaches that are both clinically and economically advantageous. Additionally, the broader implications of cost minimization for healthcare policy, clinical decision-making, and resource allocation are discussed for their significance in a resource-limited healthcare setting. Evidence indicates that prioritizing cost-effective CKD management through early intervention and preventive care can significantly lower healthcare expenditures, slow the disease progression, and enhance patient’s quality of life. By adopting such strategies, healthcare systems can achieve better clinical outcomes and ensure financial sustainability.

Assessing the economic impact of the thermal inertization of asbestos waste with an Italian case study

Assessing the economic impact of the thermal inertization of asbestos waste with an Italian case study

QUASIM: Quantum Computing Enhanced Service Ecosystem for Simulation in Manufacturing

AbstractQuantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML), taken individually or combined into quantum-assisted ML (QML), are ascending computing paradigms whose calculations come with huge potential for speedup, increase in precision, and resource reductions. Likely improvements for numerical simulations in engineering imply the possibility of a strong economic impact on the manufacturing industry. In this project report, we propose a framework for a quantum computing-enhanced service ecosystem for simulation in manufacturing, consisting of various layers ranging from hardware to algorithms to service and organizational layers. In addition, we give insight into the current state of the art of applications research based on QC and QML, both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. We further analyze two high-value use cases with the aim of a quantitative evaluation of these new computing paradigms for industrially relevant settings.