Economic Impact Research Articles

The Role of Women to Program Agribusiness Driving in Air Talas Tourism Village (ANGGREK DEWATA)

This research method takes the form of a qualitative field study or field research. The data collection techniques were carried out using observation with active participation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The research results show: In the Agribusiness Program Driving Talas Air Tourism Villages (ANGGREK DEWATA) there are 3 (three) programs carried out by PT Pertamina EP Limau Field, namely: BU JUSI (Organic Cultivation of Siamese Oranges), BUDE ARTA MAJU (Women of Air Talas Village Managing Oranges) and PUTERI JELITA (Liquid Fertilizer from Air Talas Orange Waste. The economic impact of this program for women is an increase in family income by IDR 2,500,000/person/month or 20% from the previous year from product sales. This program also has a positive social and environmental impact. This is in line with the fifth SDG goal, namely gender equality Talas (DEWATA ORGANGREK) from the Social Return on Investment (SROI) Report shows that the calculated SROI value of the program is 1.66, indicating that every rupiah of program costs produces a positive change worth IDR 1.66. Meanwhile, from the results of the Community Satisfaction Index assessment, the Anggrek Dewata Program obtained Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) results with the predicate "Very Good", with an index value of 3.44 with a conversion value of 86.07%. The Commitment aspect received an average SME score of 3.80 and is included in the Very Good category. And the community has optimism to continue the program after the intervention is carried out.

Advancing early access policies for innovative cancer drugs: a scoping review and explorative analysis in the Italian setting.

Considering the clinical impact of innovative cancer therapies, policy makers strive to balance timely access and thorough value-assessment. While some European countries promoted early access schemes, Italy does not yet display a consolidated strategy for innovative drugs or for medicines targeting pathologies with a high unmet need. To better understand the risks and opportunities of early access strategies that could be applied in the Italian setting, we performed a scoping review, searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases and interviewing two field experts. The review results were complemented with an exemplificative quantitative analysis for a subset of innovative oncology drugs, to assess the clinical and economic impact of the price and reimbursement negotiation. Our study suggests that early access schemes developed in Germany and France, combining a free-pricing period, pay-back mechanism, and arbitration, could serve as a basis for developing a feasible strategy in Italy. The quantitative analysis indicated that timely access to innovative drugs could have potentially prevented many cancer progressions, associated with a significant healthcare expenditure. Albeit not allowing to express a conclusive assessment, this study proposes a potential early access strategy for Italy and highlights the need for opening a debate on the opportunities and risks of such schemes.

The Impact of Small Business Financing on The Digital Palestinian Economy

This study investigates the influence of financing on the digital economy of small businesses in Palestine. Through a combination of surveys and interviews with 50 Palestinian small business owners, the research reveals a nuanced relationship between financial support and its economic effects. The findings indicate that while some respondents experienced benefits such as enhanced competitiveness and market expansion, others encountered difficulties, suggesting the need for customized financial solutions. The study identifies prevalent financing mechanisms, including bank loans and government grants, and emphasizes the importance of specialized support programs in fostering entrepreneurship and generating employment. Job creation is highlighted as a significant economic impact, corroborating existing research on the role of small businesses in reducing unemployment and promoting economic stability. The study also addresses challenges related to financing, such as regulatory hurdles and political issues with international stakeholders, as noted in the literature. Overcoming these challenges is essential for maximizing the potential of small businesses in Palestine. Recommendations from respondents include simplifying regulations and enhancing collaboration between government bodies and financial institutions, offering practical measures to improve financial accessibility for small enterprises. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how financing mechanisms can stimulate economic growth within the unique context of Palestine.

Optimizing waste management strategies through artificial intelligence and machine learning - An economic and environmental impact study

Applying artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize waste management strategies, focusing on enhancing economic efficiency and reducing environmental impact, is vital. The study utilized ML models to analyze and forecast waste generation trends, assess the viability of various waste management methods, and develop optimization models for resource allocation and operational efficiency. The research employs the World Bank’s comprehensive waste management dataset. After rigorous data preprocessing, including cleaning and feature selection, a variety of ML techniques, such as regression models, classification algorithms like Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and optimization algorithms, including linear programming, are applied. Unlike other research, this study achieved 85 % accuracy on predictive analytics models for forecasting waste generation trends, primarily attributed to integrating more diverse data sets, including socio-economic factors. Also, the optimization resource allocation achieved a 15 % increase in operational efficiency. These findings provide significant insights for policymakers and urban planners, suggesting that integrating ML in waste management can lead to more sustainable and cost-effective practices. This paper demonstrates the transformative potential of ML in optimizing waste management strategies, offering a pathway towards more sustainable and economically viable waste management solutions globally.

Implementasi Instagram Dalam Peningkatan Penjualan Properti Di PT. Adong Kartika Jaya

Sales are an important aspect to be considered by every business manager, including property entrepreneurs. In the digital era like today, one effective method in increasing property sales is through the use of social media such as Instagram. One property company that utilizes Instagram in its sales is PT Adong Kartika Jaya. Adong Kartika Jaya is one of the property developers with considerable experience in Malang City. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of Instagram in increasing property sales at PT Adong Kartika Jaya. This study uses a qualitative method, with data collection techniques including direct observation, literature review, and direct interviews with marketing team members and Instagram administrators at PT Adong Kartika Jaya. The results of this study show that the utilization of Instagram as a means to increase sales has a direct economic impact on PT Adong Kartika Jaya, including increased sales and revenue. In addition, the induced economic impact includes increased income. The implementation of Instagram as a promotional tool also influences increased sales through expanding business reach and sales volume.

Valuing the Economic Impact of River Floods and Early Flood Warning for Households in Bangladesh

Valuing the Economic Impact of River Floods and Early Flood Warning for Households in Bangladesh

The economic impact of the adoption of emerging technologies in the context of the fourth industrial revolution

Aim. To investigate the economic consequences in the development and application of modern technologies created in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.Objectives. To identify the main technological solutions introduced within the framework of the “Industry 4.0” concept; to analyze the impact of these innovations on various economic sectors; to assess the economic benefits and risks from the introduction of the latest technologies; to develop recommendations to increase benefits and minimize risks.Methods. The author studied the scientific-publicistic literature and applied the method of analyzing existing research and statistical data.Results. The process of influence of innovative technologies on productivity, employment and economic growth was analyzed. The economic benefits from the introduction of the concept of “Industry 4.0” (increasing production efficiency, creating new jobs and reducing costs) were evaluated. Economic risks are identified: polarization of the labor market, technological unemployment and aggravation of income inequality.Conclusions. The introduction of innovative technologies within the framework of the “Industry 4.0” concept significantly affects the economy. To fully realize the opportunities and minimize risks, industries need to implement organizational measures. Recommendations include investing in education, skills development, retraining and creating a regulatory environment that supports innovation at all stages of production.

Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa-Foscarbidopa in Parkinson's Disease: A Mini-Review of Current Scope and Future Outlook.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, primarily because of the impairment of dopaminergic neurons. Long-term use of levodopa, the standard PD treatment, often results in fluctuating therapeutic effects and dyskinesia, necessitating alternative therapies. This review aims to synthesize current insights and clinical experiences with foslevodopa-foscarbidopa, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile, to evaluate its potential in transforming PD therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2023 using databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded eight eligible articles, including pharmacological studies, case reports, observational studies, and controlled trials. No language restrictions were applied. Foslevodopa and foscarbidopa, as prodrugs of levodopa and carbidopa, exhibited excellent chemical stability and solubility, facilitating continuous subcutaneous infusion. Clinical trials demonstrated that these prodrugs maintain stable levodopa levels, thereby addressing the limitations of oral levodopa therapy. Phase 1 and 3 studies indicated significant improvements in motor function and quality of life in advanced PD patients. However, a higher incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events, mainly infusion site reactions, was observed compared to oral therapies. Foslevodopa-foscarbidopa emerges as a promising alternative for advanced PD treatment, offering sustained symptom control. Its efficacy in managing motor fluctuations and dyskinesia makes it a viable option in the PD therapeutic spectrum. Future research should focus on long-term safety, economic impact, and broader accessibility. Foslevodopa-foscarbidopa is now commercially distributed in many countries in Europe and in Japan.

Embracing the Future: The Economic Impact and Opportunities of Digital Payments

This paper reviews some logical and statistical data on how widely the use of digital payments will impact our economy. At this point, an argument has arisen regarding which (cash and digital money) is more convenient for the future economy. The paper aims to explore economic opportunities in terms of security, efficiency, and transparency. This study will not only reflect the economic benefits of being a cashless economy but also demonstrate the rationale that money management can be simplified through digital payment systems. The paper will talk about some of the shortcomings of the digital payment system and how we can solve them. The research findings confirm that the widespread use of digital money will accelerate our economic growth and also benefit daily life. Using digital payments also has some dangers like adoption and privacy. This paper clearly shows how to handle such problems. This study provides a quantitative argument for positioning digital payments as the beginning of a new economic revolution.

Economic Impact of Diabetes Care in Kannamanaickanur Village, Udumalpet Taluk, Tirupur District

Economic Impact of Diabetes Care in Kannamanaickanur Village, Udumalpet Taluk, Tirupur District

Adoption of organic soil fertility measures and their impact on farm outcomes: a case study of millet cultivators in India

This article investigated the economic impact of adopting organic soil fertility measures (OSFM) on millet farming outcomes in rainfed regions of rural India. Using survey data from 900 millet farmers, the analysis applied an endogenous switching regression model to correct for selection bias arising from both observable and unobservable factors. The results indicated that factors such as soil type, use of farmyard manure, crop diversification, gender of the household head, access to agricultural resources, proximity to residence and markets and education levels significantly influenced farmers’ adoption of OSFM. Notably, the adoption of OSFM had a positive and statistically significant impact on farm profits, with OSFM adopters gaining ₹5998 more than nonadopters. The average treatment effect on the treated for OSFM was 9.80% higher than for non-OSFM farmers. These findings reinforcing the importance of promoting OSFM practices in similar rainfed farming regions of the country.

Economic impact and food security effects of trade disruptions in agricultural products for Sweden

The COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conditions in 2022–2023 highlighted the vulnerabilities of food supply chains to trade disruptions in agricultural inputs and foods, with the ensuing economic effects on producers and consumers. This study calculated the impact of various disruptions in the trade of agricultural inputs and outputs for Swedish producers and consumers and for food security. To this end, a mathematical programming model of the food sector with a spatial dimension was applied, which accounts for adjustments and interactions between producers and consumers of food. Food security is measured in terms of the self-sufficiency ratio, the ability to produce minimum dietary needs, and economic access for low-income households. The trade scenarios included disruptions to imports of agricultural inputs (fertilisers, fuel, feed, pesticides and foreign labour) and foods. The results showed that the economic effects for producers can be considerable, with a reduction in producer surplus by up to 75%. The decrease in consumer surplus is smaller, amounting to a maximum decrease of 21%. The self-sufficiency ratio and the ability to produce minimum dietary needs can be reduced by 55% and 61%, respectively, but may rise if the disruption to feed imports increases. Economic access to foods is slightly decreased in all scenarios. These results showing different impacts of trade disruptions on producers and consumers and food security metrics highlight the need to undertake extensive assessments to determine whether and how to prevent and mitigate their effects. The economic effects on producers and consumers and the associated impacts on food security are likely to differ, which affects the selection and targeting of policies, such as compensation for economic losses and promotion of food security.

Evaluating the social return on investment of a mental health disorders club: a case study

Purpose The growth of mental disorders and their costs represents a public health challenge. This study aims to explore how a social club can help mitigate its impact through arts and sports workshops. Design/methodology/approach Using the social return on investment (SROI) methodology, the impact of the social club is evaluated by identifying stakeholders and quantifying their contributions. In addition, the relationship between patients’ attendance and the reduction of relapses and medication consumption is explored. Findings The SROI showed a positive return on investment, €12.12 per euro invested. This ratio indicates that the social club generates social value well above its initial costs. On the other hand, two stakeholders were identified as higher impact generators, and it was confirmed that sports activities generate more social and economic impact than art activities – however, the positive effects of art activities last longer over time. The study revealed a positive relationship between social club attendance and relapse reduction. Almost 90% of the participating users reported no relapses or emergency hospitalizations during the past year of attendance. In addition, a substantial decrease in medication dosage was observed. These results suggest that social clubs help stabilize mental health and reduce the burden on health-care systems. Originality/value The case study highlights the vital role of social clubs in supporting people facing mental health issues. Policymakers and health-care providers can use this knowledge to invest in more effective and sustainable mental health support activities.

Seizing the economic and social impact of universities’ knowledge exchange activities: Does one size fit all?

Seizing the economic and social impact of universities’ knowledge exchange activities: Does one size fit all?

Assessing the Economic Impact of Microfinance through Self-help Groups on Urban Women in Mysore's Production and Manufacturing Industries

This study investigates the economic impact of microfinance through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on urban women working in the production and manufacturing industries in Mysore. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. The findings reveal significant improvements in income levels, savings, financial independence, and economic stability among SHG members. The study underscores the importance of SHGs and microfinance in empowering women economically and offers insights for policymakers to enhance the effectiveness of microfinance programs.

Effect of eco-friendly pervious concrete pavement with travertine waste and sand on the heavy metal removal and runoff reduction performance

To address the negative environmental and economic impact of the large amounts of solid waste generated during travertine mining and to reduce the dependence on natural aggregates and cement for pervious concrete pavement applications, travertine waste, as aggregate and powder, was used for the travertine powder pervious concrete (TPPC) to improve the utilization of solid waste and decrease CO2 emissions. The experimental results showed that using 25% travertine aggregate and 5% powder results in a compressive strength reduction of only 9.8% to 25.92 MPa but a significant improvement in water permeability of 57.1% from 3.89 to 6.11 mm/s. To improve the performance of TPPC, further research was done on the effect of sand addition rate (SAR) on TPPC's density, compressive strength, porosity, water permeability, freeze-thaw resistance and heavy metal removal capacity to obtain an optimal incorporation ratio. As SAR rises, the compressive strength of TPPC with sand (STPC) initially increases and then decreases, while permeability behaves inversely. At 3% SAR, the compressive strength reached a maximum of 26.51 MPa, primarily due to the sand added to fill in some of the pores and stabilize the gradation. After 25 cycles, the strength loss rate of STPC varies from 11.39 to 17.93% and the freeze-thaw resistance is most excellent when SAR is 3%. The removal rate of heavy metals using the immersion method was found to be significantly higher (83.4–100%) compared to the rapid method (11.7–28.1%). Therefore, the 3% SAR was recommended for the mixture design of STPC. A laboratory-scale version of the pavement was constructed to assess the efficacy of STPC pavement (STPCP) in reducing runoff and removing heavy metals. The results showed that STPCP could remove more than 94% of runoff with varying intensities after 1 h. The STPCP exhibited removal rates ranging from 42.0 to 99.4% for Cd2+ and 79.5–95.4% for Cu2+. STPCP also attained a removal rate above 98% for Pb2+ after 30 min, demonstrating its environmental friendliness.

Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica no Brasil: Análise do custo da doença

Objective: To measure the cost of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Brazil to present an updated overview of the economic impact. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective analysis was carried out using macro and micro-costing techniques. It was based on information available in the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s databases, national and international guidelines for the clinical management of COPD, and the opinion of specialists. The time horizon adopted included the period from January to December 2019 and considered the direct medical costs linked to the provision of health care. Results: The analysis revealed that the costs of hospital management of COPD totaled BRL107,867,664.40. This represents 8.2% of the total costs of care related to the group of respiratory diseases in Brazil during the specified time range. In addition, it was evidenced that there is a substantial increase in the cost related to the management of the stable phase of the disease according to the severity of the condition, ranging from BRL418.50 for Stage I to BRL4,257.53 for Stage IV. Conclusion: This cost analysis and the estimated prevalence of COPD identified in Brazil demonstrate the importance of implementing effective strategies and public policies aiming to reduce risk factors associated with the disease.

Estimation of potential social support requirement for tuberculosis patients in India.

Providing social support to tuberculosis (TB) patients is a recommended strategy as households having TB patients find themselves in a spiral of poverty because of high cost, huge income loss and several other economic consequences associated with TB treatment. However, there are few examples of social support globally. The Indian government introduced "Nikshay Poshan Yojana" scheme in 2018 to provide nutritional support for all registered TB patients. Financial incentive of Indian Rupee (INR) 500 (US$6) per month was proposed to be transferred directly to the registered beneficiaries' validated bank accounts. We examined the reach, timing, amount of benefit receipt, and the extent to which the benefit alleviated catastrophic costs (used as a proxy to measure the impact on permanent economic welfare as catastrophic cost is the level of cost that is likely to result in a permanent negative economic impact on households) by interviewing 1482 adult drug-susceptible TB patients from 16 districts of four states during 2019 to 2023, using the methods recommended by the World Health Organisation for estimating household costs of TB nationally. We also estimated the potential amount of social support required to achieve a zero catastrophic cost target. At the end of treatment, 31%-54% study participants received the benefit. 34%-60% of TB patients experienced catastrophic costs using different estimation methods and the benefit helped 2% study participants to remain below the catastrophic cost threshold. A uniform benefit amount of INR 10000 (US$127) for 6 months of treatment could reduce the incidence of catastrophic costs by 43%. To improve economic welfare of TB patients, levels of benefit need to be substantially increased which will have considerable budgetary impact on the TB programme. Hence, a targeted rather than universal approach may be considered. To maximise impact, at least half of the revised amount should be given immediately after treatment registration.

First Report of Nigrospora oryzae Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Amorphophallus albus in Shaanxi Province of China.

Amorphophallus albus P. Y. Liu & J. F. Chen is a typical cash crop widely planted in southwest China (Gao et al., 2022). In early August of 2021, a peculiar leaf spot disease was first detected on A. albus in Ankang Academy of Agricultural Sciences manufacturing base (32°69'N, 109°02'E), Shaanxi, China. Small irregular yellow-brown spots (1 to 2 mm) were observed on the surface of A. albus leaf. Following infection of the leaf, it expanded (3 to 5 mm) and became necrotic. Nine planting bases were investigated, and approximately 75% of plants were symptomatic during the rapid expansion period of bulb growth in Hanyin, Langao and Hanbin counties, Ankang City, Shaanxi, China. Higher disease incidence was observed at temperatures above 30℃ and humidity above 80%. Twenty-seven symptomatic tissues of infected leaves were first surface sterilized by immersion in 75% ethanol for 1 minute, followed by rinsing three times in sterile distilled water. The tissues were then cut into 4-5 mm pieces, plated on 1.5% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 28±2°C. The hyphal tip from the growing edge of colonies cultured for three days at 28±2℃ was transferred to PDA to obtain pure cultures. Fungal colonies were white, then grey to black with an unevenly distributed, fast-growing aerial mycelium covering the petri dish within five days at 28±2℃. The colony turned dark brown when maintained in the dark at 28±2℃ after seven days, then grayish brown upon sporulation after 15 days (Fig.1f-g). Conidia were brown or black, smooth, spherical to sub-spherical, single-celled (8-12 µm × 10-13µm, average 9-11.5 µm in diameter, n=5µm). The nutritional hyphae exhibited septa, and a portion of the aerial hyphae formed a long, rough conidium, giving rise to a nearly spherical apical sac (Fig.1h). The surface gave rise to several small peduncles bearing clusters of surfaced spherical conidia (Fig.1i). Surfaced spherical conidia were generated on the surface of the small peduncle (Fig.1j). These morphological features were consistent with Nigrospora oryzae (Li et al., 2017). Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia of the pathogen using an Ezup column fungal genomic DNA extraction kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). To confirm the identity of the pathogen, the genomic fragments for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), LSU (28S) and BenA gene of the isolate were amplified by PCR (Wang et al., 2017) and sent for sequencing. The resultant sequence (GeneBank ID of gene ITS, LSU, BenA are OR723825, OR775345, OR277316, respectively) were compared with the voucher specimens. BLAST results showed >99% identity with those of N.oryzae (GeneBank ID of N.oryzae strain LC2707 ITS, LSU, BenA are KX985954, KY806242, KY019481, respectively). A neighbor joining phylogenetic tree with the concatenated sequences of these genes showed that A-pb169 had the closest match with N. oryzae (Fig. 2). For pathogenicity testing, fifty plants in a period of rapid expansion of bulb growth were selected. Four leaves per plant were inoculated by sprayed till runoff with a conidial suspension of the pathogen (50 µL, 1×106 conidia/ml sterile water), and incubated at 30±2℃ and 80 ± 5% humidity. Control plants received sterile water. On the third day after inoculation, a yellow-brown spot appeared on leave surfaces, the spot gradually expanded; the infection rate was 90 to 95%. Fifteen days after inoculation, infected leaves showed symptoms like those observed in the field, whereas 100 control leaves sprayed with sterile water remained symptomless (Fig.1 a-e). The pathogen was reisolated from infected leaves and confirmed as N. oryzae by morphology and molecular identification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease of A. albus caused by N. oryzae in China. Since its one of the major cash crops of the southeastern China, further work is necessary to determine its spread and economic impact as well as developing sustainable disease management options.

Cybercrime and its Implications on the Economy of Nigeria

One of the tenets of globalization is the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) mainly achieved through computer interconnectivity enabled by the internet in a presumed market place known as cyber space where both buyers, sellers and users in the form of individuals, corporate bodies and government meet. These interconnectivity brought about economic opportunities and inclusion. One of the areas so developed is the e-commerce sector where communication and interactions in the form of transaction is hinged on instant exchange of information, goods and services but, as friendly as these interactions are, they are not without their consequences- Cybercrime is one which often comes with huge financial loss and economic impact. Nigeria in its quest to liberalize trade and digitalize its transactions adopted the use of emerging technologies and services to drive the change but the tools and methods used to enhance the transactions are oftentimes misused by cybercriminals to their benefit thereby causing huge financial losses for the victims and invariably impact negatively on the economy. This research reviewed some existing literature on the subject of cybercrime, and its manifestations within the financial sector while relying on the Social Learning Theory as the reason for the prevalence of cybercrime among youths. Data was drawn and questionnaires administered. Analysis was done using CHI square in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study, therefore, concluded that there is a significant relationship between Cybercrime and the Nigerian economy and that Cybercrime had impacted negatively on the growth and development of the digital economy, in particular, and the Nigerian economy at large. Finally, the study offers solutions on how the Internet can engage the various Internet-based platforms, particularly calling on institutions responsible for combating this crime to put every effort required to end this menace.