Economic Imbalances Research Articles

Integrated strategies for the management of root rot disease of medicinal coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.) incited by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid

Medicinal coleus (Coleus forskohlii) is a member of mint family Lamiaceae. The crop is affected by many diseases. Among them, the most challenging disease is dry root rot which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. The growing use of chemical fertilizers has been witnessing the grave consequence of global economic imbalance as well as environmental pollution. In this context of increased awareness, biocontrol agents and organic amendments can play a significant role in the future agro-economic scenario, as a partial substitute to chemical fertilizers. A survey was conducted in different coleus growing areas of Tamil Nadu and the pathogen associated with root rot infected plants was isolated and identified as M. phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. Among the different native fungal and bacterial antagonists evaluated, Trichoderma viride (Tv-Ve1), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-K3), Bacillus subtilis (Bs-K3) effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina under in vitro conditions. Among the different oil cake extracts tested, neem cake (10%) and mahua cake (10%) effectively reduced the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina. The effective antagonists screened under in vitro conditions were further tested in pot culture experiments during the year 2014-15. The results of the pot culture experiment showed that soil application of T. viride (Tv-Ve1) at 5 g pot(-1) recorded the minimum disease incidence followed by T. viride (Tv-Si7) at 5 g pot(-1). The most effective antagonist and oil cake extracts screened both in laboratory and pot culture experiment, were further tested against the root rot disease under artificially inoculated condition. The results revealed that soil application of T. viride Tv-Ve1 (5 g pot(-1)) plus neem cake (20 g pot(-1)) recorded the lowest disease incidence (5.09%) which indicated 93.53% disease reduction over control. It can be concluded from the studies that biocontrol agents and organic amendments have potential to inhibit M. phaseolina when supplied as an organic amendment, thereby, supporting sustainable agriculture.

Diffusion of innovations and labor market challenges: a multiple case study from Angola

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to gain a deeper understanding of the views of stakeholders residing within impoverished communities in Angola on rapid technology diffusion and its implication on labor market challenges within their regions. To address this gap, and consistent with the qualitative paradigm, this paper conducted methodological triangulation of the study’s multiple data sources, including semistructured interviews and archival data in the form of government labor reports, reflective field notes and archival data to establish the trustworthiness of the study’s data analysis and findings.,A gap in the literature exists between the general diffusion of technological innovations and socioeconomic development that results in an ambiguous connection between theory, academia and professional practice among sub-Saharan African countries. To inform governments in developing countries on how to effectively achieve the diffusion of innovations (DoI), this integrative literature review supports a broader qualitative multiple case study that offers insights into the views of stakeholders residing within impoverished communities in Angola, on rapid technology diffusion and its implication for labor market challenges. This overview of existing research offers a targeted knowledge base that can support future research and help promote the potential for socioeconomic development in low-income countries. By addressing the patterns of the relationship between various economic imbalances and the adoption of technology that promote the social divide, along with highlighting the importance of understanding the overall technological dualism between various social groups, promises effective policies for successful DoI in impoverished sub-Saharan African regions by evaluating its impact on local labor market challenges.,The results of this multiple case study research oversee a thematic analysis of the data collected based on the study’s multiple sources, following a cross-case analysis in which this paper synthesizes the findings of the initial thematic analysis of data to answer the study’s central research question. The multiple case study approach in this research follows the concept of replication logic discussed by Yin (2017) in which the same findings are replicated across multiple cases as similarities and differences are traced across cases, and the study results obtained in this way are deemed robust and reliable.,A potential key limitation in this study was associated to the participants’ limited experiences about the study’s central phenomenon, which if inadequate, could not have been reflective of the challenges faced and shared by the target population. This study mitigates the limitation with an observation in which a much sharper understanding of the participants’ knowledge about the topic of interest was developed. Another limitation was the sample size that could have been small and may not be representative of the entire population. This study mitigates the limitation through careful interpretation of the data and strong conclusion of results.,For practical implications, this study emphasized the importance of participative approaches to ICT implementation that if well adapted by policymakers could lead to a more contextually anchored ICT-supported poverty alleviation within different dimensions of poverty.,This study addresses an under-researched area on why innovation policy initiatives calling for technology diffusion in Angola continue to stall rather than combating labor market challenges in impoverished communities. This study brings the voices of local populations on technology diffusion in impoverished regions of Angola to the extant literature, launching the development of a body of knowledge that may point the way to a promising avenue of social change through innovation and technology diffusion.,This research is original and significant in that it addresses an under-researched area on innovation policy initiatives calling for technology diffusion in Angola that continue to stall rather than combating labor market challenges in impoverished communities. This study also makes an original contribution to Rogers’s seminal theory and concept of diffusion of innovations. The study’s results guided further research in technology adoption and innovation diffusion within Angola, a nation faced with poor human capital development and an increasing proportion of the world’s poorest people and unemployment.

Economic stagnation and recession: the difficult Italian transition to the Monetary Union

ABSTRACTThe stagnation of the Italian economy since the mid-1990s can only be understood with reference to the great transformations that occurred in the previous two decades. This long interval was characterized by a process of rapid modernization and, also, by economic policy mismanagement. These changes generated an inefficient institutional model, a dysfunctional variant of the coordinated market economies of Continental Europe. In the mid-1990s Italian policymakers had to make painful and swift fiscal and institutional adjustments to correct economic imbalances and comply with the provisions of the Maastricht Treaty. These adjustments were, however, incomplete and did not solve the two most important problems that explain the fragility of the Italian economy in the financial crisis: stagnation of productivity and little internal adjustment (in terms of wage dynamics and reallocation of labour and capital across sectors and firms) to fend off the consequences of a loss of competitiveness in world markets.

Research of Processes for Ensuring Balanced Development o

The article defines that the global trend in the development of the world economy is the concept of balanced growth, which is based on the integration of social and environmental aspects of business entities in their economic policy and ensuring the sustainable development of economic agents on this basis. Currently, the key imperatives for the development of business entities are socially responsible management, socialization of labor relations, and greening of economic activity, which requires consideration when developing strategies and programs for the development of business entities. Strategic initiatives for the balanced development of the state and regional levels are considered. The achievements of railway transport enterprises to ensure their sustainable development, in particular in the aspect of achieving the UN sustainable development goals, are studied. It is revealed that the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in railway transport enterprises faces a number of challenges caused by long-term ignoring of urgent problems of the functioning of enterprises in the industry. The study of the current state of railway transport enterprises made it possible to identify and systematize the disproportions of their development in the context of economic, technical, social and environmental components. It details the disproportions in the functioning of railway transport enterprises and reflects their quantitative manifestations in the dynamics of the last five years. It is noted that overcoming the identified imbalances requires an integrated approach to ensuring the sustainable development of railway transport enterprises in the context of such components as economic, technical, social and environmental. It is proved that ensuring a balanced development of railway transport enterprises will ensure the development of competitive client-oriented business entities adapted to the new dynamic challenges of the global competitive market. It is stated that the directions and tools for achieving a balanced development of railway transport enterprises should be determined in terms of overcoming economic, technical, social and environmental imbalances in their functioning.

Measuring Economic Reform Recommendations under the European Semester: ‘One Size Fits All’ or Tailoring to Member States?

In 2010 the European Semester was created to better coordinate fiscal and economic policies within Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union. The Semester aims to tackle economic imbalances by giving European Union (EU) member states country-specific recommendations (CSRs) regarding their public budgets as well as their wider economic and social policies with a view to enabling better policy coordination among Euro Area member states. In this article we develop a method to assess the way in which the CSRs have been addressing coordination and offer a systematic analysis of the way they have been formulated. We offer a way to code CSRs as well as one to analyse progress evaluations. Furthermore, we seek to use our results to address one of the reoccurring questions in the literature: whether the EU is pursuing a ‘one size fits all’ approach to economic policy making in the Euro Area? The findings indicate that different types of market economies and welfare states – different ‘varieties of capitalism’ – among the Euro Area members obtain different recommendations regarding different policy areas

Earthquake Risk Management on a Community Level - A Case Study of Bhaktapur Durbar Square

Earthquake is a natural hazard which when it happens turn out to be disaster that kill thousands of people and cause devastation of cities and villages within 30-60 seconds. Natural disaster may cause large economic impact and impeded socioeconomic development. Virtually the entire population of Nepal is at risk of natural hazards. Earthquake interrupts the proper functioning of the community causing socio-cultural and economic imbalances and losses which results very hard situation to sustain life with available resources. Due to its location on a tectonic active zone Nepal has a long history of earthquake activities of smaller and greater magnitude which are an inevitable part of Kathmandu valley as well. The Statement of problem in research (based on field survey 2067) was about different socio-economic and development activities induced by people or community which made their buildings and places defenceless during natural hazard like earthquake. The research focused on earthquake risk and its management at community level by identifying, analysing and mitigating the vulnerability of the people, place and buildings at Bhaktapur Durbar Square area through physical and social vulnerability studies and was limited to study of earthquake risk management through rapid visual assessment and analysis. The study area that lies in the world heritage site is vulnerable to earthquake risk not only due to different socio economic and development activities but also due to inaction from concerned authorities. So; the earthquake risk can be mitigated through community level earthquake risk management as it is the most effective and sustainable.

Macroprudential Policy in a Monetary Union

Using a simple New Keynesian model of a monetary union that incorporates financial frictions, we show that country-targeted macroprudential policy could complement a single monetary policy at the union level. In particular, macroprudential policy helps taming financial and economic imbalances in the presence of countercyclical financial shocks and imperfect transmission of monetary policy to financial conditions in a monetary union. These results are even stronger when different economies are hit by asymmetric shocks that cancel out without provoking any monetary policy reaction. In addition, we show that when coordinated with monetary policy, country-targeted macroprudential policy (implemented by national or supranational authorities) has advantages over a federally implemented policy that reacts to average financial indicators.

Serving Society Through Community Enterprises : A Case Study on ARSU Knit Project, Nepal

The paradigm change in entrepreneurship has made real sense by taking societal problems seriously. Today, social entrepreneurship is playing a key role as the sense of eco friendliness and environmental consciousness is growing in the market. The economic imbalance in the society doesn’t make much difference to some extent as poverty has been justified as a necessity. In the time of modernization, the diversion towards societal issues have been targeted greatly, and because of these efforts, social enterprises are budding up. However, with the wide ideas behind the knowledge, still the struggle continues to define social entrepreneurship. To make it simpler, a similar objective is termed here as community enterprise, which aims at societal good. In this context an attempt has been made in this paper to discuss the role of community enterprises in sustainable development. In this paper, a case study on ARSU Knit Project of Nepal was presented which made the difference in the lives of people through entrepreneurial activity. In the year 2015, Nepal was hit by earthquake ad most of the affected area people lost hopes. Arya K. C., who is from Nepal but graduated from India, came up with idea of bringing sunshine back in their eyes, with the help of Community Network Without Border (CWB), an organization in which participants are independent but mutually cooperate and support each other without having barriers of border. Arya started contacting people, sheltered them under an umbrella,and served them by engaging them in knit work. As a charitable organization, CWB started collecting woollen rolls from households of Japan and supplied the same to people of affected area as a support, and today their products are reaching the market. It has made them self sufficient through entrepreneurial activity. The data were collected primarily through interview and mail conversations with the objective to understand community activity undertaken by ARSU Knit project of Nepal and the same has been discussed in detail in the paper.

Influence of political turbulence on economic development of Ukraine

Introduction. The influence of political factors on economic processes in Ukraine is extremely important. Changes in political elites, their use of certain social and economic instruments, types and models, affect the state of social and economic development of the country in the short, medium and long term. That is why research and analysis of the economic situation in political cycles is an important issue that needs to be studied. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the fundamental positions of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists on the problems of economic cycles. The general development of the Ukrainian economy under the influence of political factors is analyzed in the course of the research on the basis of the historical approach, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis used to determine the influence of political cycles on the development of the country's economy, abstraction and synthesis, comparison and analogy when comparing the results obtained by researchers and establishing the possibility of their use for carrying out tasks for the prevention of economic imbalances. Results. The article deals with the influence of political cycles on the economic situation, the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and economic development in Ukraine. The main problems of economic policy are outlined and recommendations on elimination of economic imbalances and increase of welfare of citizens, increase of efficiency of fiscal measures in Ukraine are developed. It has been determined that in order to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the economic sphere in the process of elaboration of the economic development strategy for the long-term perspective, it is necessary to involve experts from among the scholars, business circles, expert analytical organizations in forming the directions of implementation of fiscal policy in the long-term perspective, as well as to ensure transparent and open relations. between state authorities and other actors in the social and economic sphere. Discussion. The study of political transformations and the analysis of their impact on economic fluctuations will enable future researchers to use better the results of their work to prevent economic imbalances in Ukraine. Keywords: prime minister, politics, economy, gross domestic product, taxes, expenditures, deficit, public debt, inflation, personal incomes, currency rate.

Revival of the New East African Community: A New Era of Economic Integration or Re-division among African Regional Powers?

This paper examines the forces behind the revival of the East African Community in 1999 and its impact on the structural economic relations in East African countries. It uses political economy as a guiding theory in the analysis. Drawing on a range of written sources ranging from documents of the East Africa Community itself and Southern Africa Development Community such as declarations, protocols, policy statements, trade statistics and parliamentary speeches and secondary sources such as books and newspapers, this paper demonstrates that the interface between the global and regional forces relating to the demise of the Cold War and an effort to create new regional and global structural relations in the post-Cold War caused East African states to revive the defunct East African Community as part of the post-Cold War realignment. Kenya as a regional economic powerhouse driven by agricultural, manufacturing, financial and tourism sectors struggled to protect her national economic interests through regional integration that would limit the growing influence of the post-Apartheid South Africa in eastern Africa. Despite the revival of the Community, the integration did not facilitate Tanzania and Uganda to address the colonial structural economic imbalances, some of which were economic legacies and others emerged during the post-colonial period. Therefore, Tanzania and Uganda continued to depend on Western Europe, North America, Japan and China as their major trading partners, source of capital and technology while Kenya continued to be a regional economic powerhouse.

ESSENCE, TYPES, FORMS, POSSIBILITIES AND THREATS OF DECENTRALIZATION

The article presents separate results of the theoretical substantiation of the marginal approach to the research and optimization of company expenses. The ways of further elaboration of practical recommendations concerning the complex application of the marginal approach to research, optimization of the company's activities and its costs are given. It is proved that from the positions of marginalism such categories as price, value and value do not act as synonyms, one-serial interchangeable entities, as each of these words has its strict meaning, and their corresponding phenomena - their boundaries, their content, a kind of immanent content. It is determined that cost is a key problem of market relations, and therefore only in connection with the value measure (explicit or implicit) market relations actually occur. The genesis of the phenomenon of value is accompanied by the development of not only forms of exchange (from the natural to the money, further - to the virtual), but also in the form of participants, in the form of observance of its main principle of communication - equivalence. The main approaches to the problem of analysis and cost accounting are generalized, the possibility of using the margin approach is determined. The key elements of margin analysis and further implementation in the activities of firms are determined. The nature of the influence of marginal (marginal) costs on the results of activities in conditions of imperfect competition, and not in abstract, perfectly competitive, is established. The correlation between value, price and marginal costs was established, which allowed to determine certain directions of increasing the efficiency of economic behavior. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between value, price, marginal costs and financial ratios, which are the second and third derivative function to cost, which allows a new interpretation of financial relations, namely: the relationship of the real sector of the economy with the financial, commodity market - from currency, money market, mortgage, debt markets. It is assumed that it is probably the breakdown of prices and values and forms the source of economic imbalances and crisis phenomena in the modern economy, and the state has every means to correct this.

ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LATGALE AND UTENA REGIONS

It is widely acknowledged that border regions of the country are often economically "lagging" compared to more developed areas. The level of economic and social development is a key factor in the political, economic and social efficiency of any economic entity. In areas where development is slower, there is a decrease in economic efficiency in the private sector and deterioration in the effectiveness of political governance in the public sector. The research aim is to analyze and compare the development possibilities in Latgale and Utena regions. Main research methods are content analysis, statistical analysis of data. The planning and strategic documents were analyzed in order to study the situation in Latvia and Lithuania at national, regional and local level. Statistical analysis was performed using data from the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia and the Lithuanian Department of Statistics. An assessment of the extent and trends of territorial inequality could be a useful tool for developing adequate regional development strategies which seek to reduce economic and social imbalances.

Health-Related Needs and Barriers for Forcibly Displaced Women: A Systematic Review

The number of forcibly displaced people has been steadily increasing over the last decades. Women represent a large proportion of this population. Due to gender roles, duties of care, educational and economic imbalances, their experiences during flight and relocation differ from those of men and children. The currently available information about their specific health-related needs and barriers to access is scarce. We sought to explore the specific needs of the female refugee population employing a user-centered perspective. Rather than focusing on provider-designed interventions, we aimed at defining what female refugees want and need and which priorities they define themselves. We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus to identify publications that explored the unique experiences of female refugees between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2018. Publications needed to address the health needs of refugees, asylum seekers, or displaced individuals, include at least 50% women in their study and employ a user-centered perspective. A framework of themes was identified and applied to all publications. We identified 1945 publications of which 13 could be included in the present review. Twelve of these publications employed qualitative and/or innovative methodology. We identified 5 broad categories of health-related needs (immediate health care, communication, cultural/spiritual, social, and economic). The identified publications described the need for complex, coordinated approaches. Concerted action providing information and culturally sensitive care, while supporting language acquisition and economic empowerment is essential to improve the health status of female refugees. Transformative interventions need to address multiple axes of unequal access for female refugees to improve their overall health.

Is the Ethiopian Federalism in Trouble?

Ethiopia is a country of a cultural and linguistic mosaic. Paradoxically, the political and bureaucratic system of the country has failed to accommodate the ethnolinguistic and religious diversity of the society. The Ethiopian monarchical system and the military dictatorial government have had pursued a policy of national unity and territorial integrity of the state often at the expense of ethno-linguistic and religious diversity. In effect, the different ethnic and religious groups had suffered from domination and injustice. This has led to the birth of ethno-nationalist movements taking arms against the strong central government demanding selfadministration. In 1991 the ethno-nationalist forces led by the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) have won the battle against the military government which led to the establishment of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. However, since its inception, there has been a widespread disagreement among Ethiopian political groups, scholars and even the public at large about the origin, structure and function of the federal system and its constitution. This particular paper aims at critically analysing the risks associated with the Ethiopian federal system in light of Ronald Watts’s six principles of federalism: disposition to democratic procedures; non-centralization as a principle; checks and balances to limit the concentration of political power; open political bargaining for making collective decisions; genuine group power-sharing within central institutions, often consociational and respect for constitutionalism and the rule of law while using literature and document analysis as data collection procedure and research methodology. In effect, secondary data sources have been reviewed including various types of relevant books, journal articles, government and non-governmental reports, government implementation plans and progress reports and lastly they have been carefully scrutinized and analysed to secure their reliability, suitability and adequacy. Finally, even though the aforementioned principles are embedded in the Constitution, the paper has found out that the government has practically failed to implement them. Consequently, the federal system in Ethiopia is mainly regulated by the policies of the ruling party rather than by the merits of the Constitution. In effect, the country is facing a multifaceted crisis and the federal system and its constitution are under imminent threats. In the end, the paper recommends that under the present scenario, the situation necessitates the government to carry out a deep structural and system reform focusing on the political and economic imbalances that are observable in the coalition ruling party and among the different ethnic groups in the country. Furthermore, since there is a widespread disagreement about the origin and development of the federal system and its constitution among different groups in and outside the country, holding a national reconciliation and political referendum on the federal system and its constitution is fundamental to fix ethnic driven conflicts and political instability in the country.

Внутрішній контроль банків на основі моделі «чотири лінії захисту»: особливості та переваги

In the context of economic imbalances, financial globalization and the introduction of innovative forms of banking services, the likelihood of banking risks has increased significantly, leading to the search for new methods and forms for building an effective internal control system and risk management. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features and advantages of the Four lines of defense internal control model, as well as to study the specifics of its operation. It was established that international banking institutions, taking into account the studies of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, have restructured their own internal control systems in accordance with the requirements of the Three lines of defense model. It allows them to timely identify, evaluate, control and minimize bank risks. However, it was found that the Three lines of defense model is characterized by certain shortcomings that weaken the risk-oriented management of a banking institution. It was proved that eliminating the disadvantages of this model is possible by supplementing it with a fourth line of defense, which provides for close cooperation of the internal auditor with the regulator and the external auditor. The interaction between the regulator, internal and external auditors allows for timely detection of weaknesses in the bank's internal control and new risk areas, and, as a result, improving the bank's risk management system. It was substantiated that the addition of the fourth line to the Three lines of defense model will increase public confidence in banking institutions as a result of improving the bank's risk management and strengthening the financial stability of the banking institution. The prospects for building an effective risk management system and risk-based internal control in Ukrainian banks were evaluated.

Modern management tools for sustainable development of mining enterprises

The production growth rates, the generated volumes of waste by classes of hazard, an extent of fuel and energy resources and fresh water used for coal mining, as well as the volumes of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere of Ukrainian mining enterprises have been analyzed. It has been found that achieving the decoupling (reduction of anthropogenic load) is only possible under the condition of introducing the cleaner production technologies, non-waste technologies, innovations, replacement of obsolete capital funds, and the like. Mere changes in points will not significantly affect the situation, thus, companies should develop their own approach to the sustainable development by using the frameworks as templates. The calculations have been made of the decoupling phenomenon based on the volumes of emission, the volumes of generated waste by classes of hazard and used fuel and water resources, which showed an increased anthropogenic environmental impact and economic imbalance of the mining sector. The research has been made into the use of frameworks as an auxiliary tool for the implementation by mining companies of sustainable development principles. The developed DPSIR framework, illustrated with examples from foreign experience, is conceptual in character and makes it possible to understand the cause and effect relationships of the enterprise activities impact, including mining companies, on the environment and the mechanisms of better response to the resulting consequences.

Competitive regional clusters: international experience

Many countries is developing in the context of a multitude of global trends and challenges that noticeably change the “picture” of the world, positions, interests and opportunities of various players. An important role in the formation and change of this “picture” belongs to the sphere of science, technology, and innovation. Over the past 20 years, the European Commission has paid attention to the development of cluster policy. Today stands out several trends in the development of European cluster policy. In our opinion, economic activity in clusters tends to concentrate in certain areas, thus, clusters contribute to regional development and overcoming economic imbalances. Studying the accumulated European experience in the field of cluster initiatives and current trends allows us to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mechanisms for the formation of Russian clusters. The article analyzes the Russian experience in the implementation of programs for the development of pilot regional innovation clusters and formulates signs of their sustainability.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ НАПРЯМІВ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РІВНЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ РЕГІОНІВ (ЗА ДАНИМИ ДНІПРОПЕТРОВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ)

Within the article, strategies of increasing the economic security level of the regions on the basis of the proposed dy-namic two-factor matrix "the economic security level – the strategy", which defines the regions' economic security zones and corresponding strategies for enhancing the regional economic security, are substantiated. Integrated indicators of economic security of the region were used to construct the matrix, they were calculated according to the developed forecasting models, in particular for determining coordinates of the region - integral indicators by the component analysis; to select the scale of the matrix – integral indicator of the taxonomic analysis; to determine the diameter of the sphere on the plane– integral in-dex by the method of principal components. The proposed matrix is divided into three economic security zones, for which appropriate strategies for improving the economic security of the regions are set: safe zone - a strategy of growth that antici-pates growth (maintaining the achieved level of economic security and preventing potential threats); neutral zone – a strate-gy of adaptation according to which measures should be taken to adapt the economic security of regions to changes in the environment; unsafe zone - a strategy of transformation that involves transformational changes that address the priority areas of social and economic development in the region, as well as taking the necessary measures to counteract destabilizing factors of various kinds. It is also established that the economic security of Dnipropetrovsk region is characterized as safe during the study period, and therefore the most appropriate is a strategy of growth, which implementation ensures that the current level of economic security is maintained. The analysis of the existing strategies for economic development of the re-gions for which the growth strategies have been recommended allowed determining their strategic priorities: human capital development, reduction of intra-regional economic imbalances, rural development, environmental and energy security.

PECULIARITIES OF STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CYCLIC REGULATION OF ECONOMY - THEORY AND METHODOLOGY

Introduction. Economic cycles, the periodic emergence of economic imbalances, deep economic crises, the need for effective management of economic fluctuations have created the need to develop an effective mechanism for anti-cyclical economic regulation. As a result of the in-depth study of these problems, it has been established that the most effective instruments of anti-cyclical economic regulation are financial instruments owned by the state and divided into monetary and fiscal ones. They in turn are divided into discretionary and non-discretionary, and regulated by legislative acts and regulatory documents. As a result of a retrospective analysis of management of economic cycles through the use of financial means of the state, it has been proved that monetary policy is less sustainable than economic fiscal policy. On the contrary, for the last century, precarious monetary policy has caused many financial and economic upheavals; the world has seen at least three monetary and monetary systems that have been subject to a downturn every time. Therefore, it is not worth considering monetary policy sufficiently effective in the implementation of anti-cyclical regulation. While fiscal policies each time, in all economic crises, have played the role of a "lifeline" for countries that have taken anti-cyclical economic regulation measures. That is why the study of the problem of effective state management of socio-economic fluctuations is one of the most urgent issues of economic science. The goal of the work. To investigate the essence of monetary and fiscal instruments of counter-cyclical regulation of the economy, to identify their strengths and weaknesses, to propose effective mechanisms of counter-cyclical regulation of the economy, which would ensure economic development in the country. Methods. In the course of the research, general scientific and empirical methods of economic science based on a systematic approach are used, in particular: methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical and logical, analysis and synthesis, generalization, graphical, scientific abstraction - in the study of state financial policy in the field of anti-cyclical regulation of the economy. Results. The article deals with the essence of monetary and monetary systems, analyzes their weak and strong sides, identifies the causes of their decline. It was established that monetary factors influenced the emergence of centers of economic crises. The essence of fiscal policy, its types and models, and the way in which its instruments influence the course of the economic cycle are considered and deeply analyzed. The mechanisms of fiscal policy, which should be used by the state at different stages of the economic cycle, are singled out. It is proved that in economically developed countries during the economic crisis it is expedient to use a socially-oriented model of fiscal policy of acyclic nature that most effectively influences the overcoming of economic imbalances and is capable of ensuring the economic equilibrium in the country as soon as possible. Countries that effectively applied the liberal model of fiscal policy, in the conditions of the economic crisis, were forced to resort to transformation towards a more rigid fiscal intervention by the state in economic processes-they were forced to use socially-oriented, acyclic fiscal policies. Only the wider participation of the state in the regulation of economic processes have ensured the rapid and effective overcoming of economic crises, and contributed to the achievement of economic development in most countries of the world. Perspectives. The results of scientific research can be useful for scientists and practitioners who are engaged in research on problems of anti-cyclical regulation of the economy, state financial policy and, in particular, fiscal policy.

Фіскальна політика держави з досягнення економічної рівноваги та подолання економічних дисбалансів

Фіскальна політика держави з досягнення економічної рівноваги та подолання економічних дисбалансів