Economic Hardship Research Articles

Education Failure Education Failure: Untold Tales of Bangladeshi Transgender’s Unquenchable Educational Aspirations

This study examines the undocumented narratives around the persistent desire for education among transgender individuals in Bangladesh, highlighting the challenges they have encountered in their academic pursuits. Through an analysis of the stories provided by eight adult transgender participants, this research identifies noteworthy factors that have led to the disparity observed in the educational aspirations of transgender individuals. In conjunction with in-depth interviews and interpretive phenomenological analysis, a narrative inquiry approach was utilized to acquire a comprehensive comprehension of the participants' viewpoints regarding educational aspirations. The results of the study indicate several significant factors that contribute to the diminished educational aspirations of transgender students. The results of the study indicate several significant factors that contribute to the diminished educational aspirations of transgender students, such as falsified sex identity, social stigmas, bullying, abuse and harassment, teachers' ignorance and unhelpful behavior, economic hardship and poverty, and unfavorable learning environments. The findings have highlighted the need for more open and accepting environments for transgender children and young adults, particularly in family and educational settings. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 7-20

Self-determination and secessionism in Nigeria: a contextual analysis through Edward Azar’s protracted social conflict theory

ABSTRACT This article examines the rising divergence but convergence of self-determination and secessionist campaigns in Nigeria. For a contextual analysis, it turns to Edward Azar's protracted social conflict (PSC) theory, exploring the connections between communal disgruntlement and self-determination. The analysis indicates a significant relationship between communal dissatisfaction and self-determination. Through purposive sampling, it selected 44 in-depth interview respondents to obtain complementary qualitative data that were content analysed. In contrast to the 1960s secessionism, which was largely restricted to Eastern Nigeria, combined with the legacies of colonial rule, popularity of ethno-religious politics, an increase in insecurity and violence, economic hardship, communal insecurity, and deeper perception of ethnic marginalisation, the current wave of self-determination is more contagious and politically attractive in three (South West (SW), South East (SE) and South (SS) –) of the existing six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The article concludes, returning to the erstwhile regionalism will salvage Nigeria from territorial disintegration..

Exploring childhood malnutrition and household food security in Gauteng and Limpopo: Implications for social development processes

This paper provides insight into the relationship between child malnutrition and food security in two South African communities facing economic hardships. The research focused on Thulani, a township in Gauteng province, and Ga Masemola, a rural village in Limpopo province. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with mothers of children under five years. A key theme distilled from the data was the negative effects of unemployment, limited access to nutritious foods and coping strategies to alleviate food insecurity. The paper emphasises that suspending health and nutrition programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequalities and reversed progress in achieving SDGs 1-3. The paper emphasises the importance of social development processes in addressing childhood malnutrition's root causes. This includes providing services, working collaboratively with communities and development agencies to promote sustainable food systems and nutrition awareness, and connecting families with needed psychosocial support and financial assistance.

An Examination on the Challenges Faced by Graduates from Higher Education Institutions with Regards to Student Loan Repayment Strategy in Eswatini (2013-2018)

The study sought to examine on the challenges faced by graduates from higher education institutions with regards to student loan repayment strategy in Eswatini (2013 – 2018). The researcher used the mixed methodology where face to face interviews, questionnaires and document analysis were the research instruments in the generation/collection of data. A representative sample of one hundred (100) participants were used in the study. Sampling techniques used were purposive and convenience. Findings from the study revealed that there were challenges which included the high-interest rates, lack of employment opportunities, inadequate financial literacy, and economic hardships. These challenges hindered the graduates to adhere on the loan repayment strategy as articulated by the government of Eswatini. Recommendations from the study were that there is need to adequately put measures in place on Loan Repayment Education Programmes for Employees, Flexible Work Arrangements to Facilitate Loan Repayment and Employer-Sponsored Loan Repayment Assistance Programmes in Eswatini so that it can deliver on its mandate on loan repayments by graduates within the stipulated timeframes.

Interpersonal Violence in Five Regions in Asia: Ecological Risk Factors Associated with Perceptions of Justifiability of Violence.

In Asia, rates of interpersonal violence are increasing, with significant regional disparities. However, long-term, continental-scale research considering regional differences across the Asia regions is limited. Guided by the ecological model, we examined five ecological risk factors (low life satisfaction/happiness, economic hardship, neighborhood disadvantage, patriarchal values, and religiosity) associated with perceptions of justification of interpersonal violence (i.e., intimate partner violence [IPV] against wife, child physical abuse, and violence against others) in five regions in Asia (i.e., East, West, Central, South, and Southeast). Using the World Values Survey (n = 32,307), a multigroup multiple regression model was used with robust maximum likelihood estimation using Mplus ver. 8. In the entire Asia sample model, perceptions of justifiability of IPV against wife were positively associated with low life satisfaction/happiness; economic hardship; neighborhood disadvantage; and patriarchal values, while they were negatively associated with religiosity. Perceptions of justifiability of child abuse were positively associated with low life satisfaction/happiness; neighborhood disadvantage; and patriarchal values, while they were negatively associated with economic hardship and religiosity. Perceptions of justifiability of violence against others were positively associated with economic hardship and neighborhood disadvantage, while they were negatively associated with religiosity. Each region presented unique risk factor associations. Considering the high rates of interpersonal violence in Asia, understanding the risk factors associated with perceptions of justifying specific types of interpersonal violence can provide an initial insight into preventing violence in Asia. Further, as many Asians dwelling outside Asian regions are still influenced by their culture, religion, language, and norms of the region of origin, the study findings may shed light on future studies to consider in the interpersonal violence literature.

Social Inclusion as A Challenge of Multiculturalism in Germany: A Study on Muslim Minorities

Multiculturalism emphasises cultural and religious diversity in society. It plays an important role in the German context. However, its application in the country still faces challenges that affect the social inclusion of the Muslim minority. Social inclusion is crucial for accepting and integrating minorities into the majority society. Muslim minorities in Germany face several challenges, including discrimination, economic inequality, and limited access to education and employment opportunities. Discrimination is a significant barrier to social inclusion, as stereotypical perceptions and prejudices against their religion and culture often lead to discriminatory experiences in everyday life. Social inclusion is negatively impacted by economic hardship, which limits access to decent employment and equal income. Additionally, limited access to education complicates the integration of Muslim minorities, reducing their chances of achieving economically viable employment and contributing positively to society. Additionally, limited access to education complicates the integration of Muslim minorities, reducing their chances of achieving economically viable employment and contributing positively to society. Additionally, limited access to education complicates the integration of Muslim minorities, reducing their chances of achieving economically viable employment and contributing positively to society. It is important to address inequality in access to education to promote social inclusion. This article explores the factors that affect the social inclusion of Muslim minorities in Germany. Relevant case studies are used to analyze the impact of these factors on the daily lives of Muslim minorities. The article also discusses the efforts that can be made by the government, community organizations, and individuals to improve social inclusion. The aim of this article is to comprehensively address the challenges faced by Muslim minorities in Germany with regards to social inclusion. The goal is to find solutions that promote social justice and equality for all citizens.

The hidden costs of informal caregiving: a concept analysis

Background“The hidden costs of informal caregiving” is an interdisciplinary concept. While caregivers make a significant contribution to the process of caregiving, they sacrifice their leisure time, and incur risks of dropping out of the job, impaired mental and physical health, and decreased well-being within the context of caregiving. Those invisible sacrifices are often overlooked and described as hidden costs of informal caregiving. However, the conceptualisation of hidden costs of informal caregiving has not yet been clarified and scientifically assessed. The research aimed to clarify the concept of hidden costs of informal caregiving and develop an operational definition.MethodsWalker and Avant’s concept analysis was conducted. Databases of CBM, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Econlit, CINAHL and ProQuest were searched with the term “hidden costs of informal caregiving”. Information about the uses of the concept, defining attributes, model cases, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents of hidden costs of informal caregiving was extracted and synthesized.ResultsA total of 25 articles were included. The six defining attributes of hidden costs of informal caregiving were identified as including “undertaken by informal caregivers”, “the time costs of caregiving”, “costs of career development” “physical well-being costs”, “mental well-being costs” and “social relationship costs”. Personal characteristics of the caregivers and care recipients, along with caregiving attributes, were among the antecedents. The consequences of hidden costs of informal caregiving resulted in negative influences which included poor quality of life, life-altering decisions, options for the type of care, some degree of economic hardship, decreased compliance with treatment plans and monetary value informal caregivers are willing to pay to be replaced.ConclusionThis concept analysis decisively illuminated the hitherto nebulous concept and expanded the contents of hidden costs of informal caregiving, which will foster a deeper appreciation of the invisible cost of caregivers. Moreover, it will provide a reference for the study of the hidden costs of informal caregiving in future, contribute to the development of assessment tools and theoretical models of hidden costs of informal caregiving, and create a basis for designing an evidence-based care program.

Faith and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural South Africa

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women and is associated with risk factors at the individual, interpersonal and societal level. Women often resort to various coping mechanisms to manage their daily lives due to the complex nature by which these factors interact. We qualitatively interviewed a cohort of rural women participating in a microfinance “plus” program in South Africa where women received loans for small-scale business ventures and received training sessions on gender norms. Our findings detailed women’s experiences of IPV and the role of faith as a coping mechanism for navigating economic hardship and abuse. Belief in a higher power was predominant in almost every interview, offering a sense of purpose and optimism for the future amid precarious circumstances. Interventions for violence prevention need to consider the important role that faith can play in strengthening women’s sense of self and preventing IPV.

Analysis of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health Applications

Growing in frequency in both rural and urban parts of India, growing percentage of people at risk of diabetes, Indian population's genetic susceptibility to diabetes risk factors related to the environment, Globalisation causing a decline in physical exercise Some of the challenges that the disease poses in India are low patient awareness of hypertension, undiagnosed hypertension due to a variety of factors such as low healthcare facilities and economic status, inadequate disease control, and an increasing incidence of complications related to hypertension. Although there are solutions, the healthcare team will need to work in tandem with the clinician who is battling the illness on an individual basis. This will prevent the patient from receiving the proper care, the clinician from being able to listen to the patient's problems and find solutions, the patient from receiving the psychological support they need for a chronic illness, and the nation from suffering from economic hardship after the patient's illness. The purpose of this study was to identify the services provided by pharmaceutical care and evaluate the barriers to pharmaceutical care in various settings in order to provide relevant recommendations.

Heart Healthy Routines in Young Children With Sesame Workshop: A Qualitative Study of Latina Mothers With Economic Hardship

ObjectiveTo explore how Sesame Workshop resources are perceived by Latino families with economic hardship and to highlight approaches for early heart healthy routine promotion. MethodsWe performed a purposive sampling of Latina mothers (n = 40) with young children experiencing economic hardship. Using an interview guide informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we recorded Spanish and English semistructured interviews, which were translated and transcribed verbatim. Partnering with Sesame Workshop, we iteratively incorporated Sesame Resources into interviews to query for acceptability. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we coded transcripts through textual analysis until saturation, prioritizing in vivo coding to capture participant voices. ResultsWe constructed 3 themes. Parents connected with resources that 1) Reflect lived and multicultural experiences containing recognizable family scenes that can serve as tools to transfer a parent’s own early routines or cultural rituals to their child. They appreciated resources that 2) Engage caregivers and children together, featuring elements for both children and adult caregivers with activities to highlight important caregivers and encourage shared play. Participants also reflected on how 3) Routines amplify family strengths and foster resilient reactions with feelings of decreased stress when daily practices become routines, promoting resilient reactions and supporting long-term goals when facing setbacks. ConclusionsAn interdisciplinary partnership leveraged strengths of pediatric practitioners and Sesame Workshop to align future initiatives with the values and priorities of mothers of young children at risk for early obesity. Resultant themes inform strategies to promote heart healthy routines and relational health in young children with economic hardship.

Exploring student teachers' stressors in teaching practice in the COVID-19 era in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe

This study explores student teachers' resilience in teaching practice in the COVID-19 era in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. More specifically, the study was intended to gain insights into the significant teaching practice COVID-19-induced teaching practice stressors. This research study contributes new knowledge to the ongoing discourses about student teachers' resilience in teaching practice in the COVID-19 era. To explore student teachers' resilience on teaching practice in COVID-19 era, the study employed a qualitative social constructivist approach through a phenomenological research design. Data were generated through focus group discussions and in-depth semi-structured interviews. One teachers' college was conveniently sampled, and twenty-one student teachers and six student teachers' mentors were purposively sampled from three primary schools in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. The thematic findings revealed that student teachers teaching practice in the COVID-19 era are subjected to teaching practice stressors induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus, illness, isolation, stigmatization and death, anxiety, uncertainty, hopelessness, economic hardships, prolonged teaching practice period, school closures, transference of face-to-face teaching to online learning. Finally, thematic results revealed that the capacity for resilience can be developed during initial teacher preparation, so the study recommends that the teacher education curriculum include a module on resilience.

Ritual Child Homicides in Ghana and Kenya: A Criminological Analysis

Child homicide is a frequent occurrence in many African communities, and juju beliefs trigger a sizable proportion of this crime. Yet a systematic and critical analysis of juju’s impact on pedicides is lacking in the literature. The sparse extant studies on juju-driven homicide or ritual murder mainly offer historical perspectives rather than criminological analysis of the phenomenon. The present study explores the magnitude, characteristics, and motivations, as well as the socio-cultural and economic contexts of ritual child homicide or juju-driven pedicide (i.e., the killing of children for ritual or occult purposes) in Ghana and Kenya. This aim is achieved by conducting an in-depth analysis of ritual murder reports publicized on the websites of eight major news/media outlets between 2012 and 2021. The content analysis results are complemented by semi-structured interviews involving 28 academics and experts. The data show that ritual child homicide usually involves multiple offenders, primarily unemployed young adult males aged between 20 and 39 years. Most perpetrators are motivated by pecuniary gain and the desire to protect themselves against perceived spiritual attacks. The body parts primarily extracted from victims for rituals are the head, limbs, private parts, and blood. The major factors contributing to the persistence of ritual pedicides are obsession with juju, economic hardship, illiteracy, inefficient criminal justice system, authorities’ failure to bring juju practitioners under closer scrutiny, and the emergence of a new consumerist ethos—the unrestrained quest for luxurious effects.

A Comparative Analysis of Dramatic Structure in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959) and August Wilson’s Fences (1986)

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the dramatic structures in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun and August Wilson’s Fences, utilizing Freytag’s Pyramid as a framework. Despite differences in scene and act composition, both plays share a similar narrative structure marked by multiple climactic points rather than a single one. Each play presents the lives of African American families in mid-20th century America, grappling with themes of racial oppression, economic hardship, and personal aspirations. Hansberry’s work primarily addresses the relationship between African Americans and White society, while Wilson’s focuses on intergenerational conflicts within a Black family. Both playwrights weave moments of heightened tension throughout the narratives, surprising audiences with new inciting incidents just as the action seems to be falling. This study reveals that although Fences was written nearly 30 years after A Raisin in the Sun, the two plays mirror one another in their exploration of socio-economic struggles and racial dynamics. Ultimately, the paper illustrates how both works encapsulate a continuous struggle for dignity and self-actualization within the constraints of a racially discriminatory society.

Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) After Infection During Pregnancy.

To estimate the prevalence of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) after infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and to characterize associated risk factors. In a multicenter cohort study (NIH RECOVER [Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery]-Pregnancy Cohort), individuals who were pregnant during their first SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled across the United States from December 2021 to September 2023, either within 30 days of their infection or at differential time points thereafter. The primary outcome was PASC , defined as score of 12 or higher based on symptoms and severity as previously published by the NIH RECOVER-Adult Cohort, at the first study visit at least 6 months after the participant's first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Risk factors for PASC were evaluated, including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics before SARS-CoV-2 infection (baseline comorbidities, trimester of infection, vaccination status), and acute infection severity (classified by need for oxygen therapy). Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate associations between these characteristics and presence of PASC. Of the 1,502 participants, 61.1% had their first SARS-CoV-2 infection on or after December 1, 2021 (ie, during Omicron variant dominance); 51.4% were fully vaccinated before infection; and 182 (12.1%) were enrolled within 30 days of their acute infection. The prevalence of PASC was 9.3% (95% CI, 7.9-10.9%) measured at a median of 10.3 months (interquartile range 6.1-21.5) after first infection. The most common symptoms among individuals with PASC were postexertional malaise (77.7%), fatigue (76.3%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (61.2%). In a multivariable model, the proportion PASC positive with vs without history of obesity (14.9% vs 7.5%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.65, 95% CI, 1.12-2.43), depression or anxiety disorder (14.4% vs 6.1%, aOR 2.64, 95% CI, 1.79-3.88) before first infection, economic hardship (self-reported difficulty covering expenses) (12.5% vs 6.9%, aOR 1.57, 95% CI, 1.05-2.34), and treatment with oxygen during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (18.1% vs 8.7%, aOR 1.86, 95% CI, 1.00-3.44) were associated with increased prevalence of PASC. The prevalence of PASC at a median time of 10.3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was 9.3% in the NIH RECOVER-Pregnancy Cohort. The predominant symptoms were postexertional malaise, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Several socioeconomic and clinical characteristics were associated with PASC after infection during pregnancy. ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05172024.

'They will be like a person with a disease': a qualitative investigation of variation in contraceptive side-effect experiences in Central Oromia, Ethiopia.

Contraceptive side effects are consistently given as the main reason why women are dissatisfied with contraception or choose not to use it. However, why some women suffer more from side effects remains unknown. Through inductive analysis of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 40 contraceptive users and 3 key informants in Central Oromia, Ethiopia, we explored women's rationales for variation in side-effect experiences. The data first reveal the wide diversity in type and severity of side-effect experiences reported by users of contraception. Second, we found that women's rationales for why some individuals suffer more side effects from contraception invoke economic and physical hardship (food insecurity and heavy workloads), as well as interindividual differences in biology (one's blood must 'fit' with contraception). Finally, the analysis revealed the tension many women face in trying to negotiate the trade-off between the consequences of these side effects and those of an unwanted pregnancy. The results show the value of using a biosocial approach, which centres women's voices and experiences, for informing the measurement of contraceptive side effects within population health surveys and clinical trials. Additionally, the findings helpgain an understanding of how an individual's social, biological, and cultural contexts drive variation in when and why different side effects manifest.

Exploring the multifaceted vulnerabilities of female street child labor in the capital city of Bangladesh

Numerous children experience vulnerability due to their families' profound economic and socio-economic hardships. Among this demographic, females face heightened susceptibility, particularly those engaged in child labor. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, hosts a substantial population of female child laborers, compounding their precarious circumstances. Hence this study utilizes a qualitative phenomenological approach to investigate the vulnerabilities affecting these female child laborers thoroughly. A total of 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with female child laborers in Dhaka city, following a semi-structured format. NVivo 14 software was instrumental in the systematic coding and analysis of the extensive text data, enhancing the reliability and validity of the findings. This study, therefore, explores various vulnerabilities faced by female child laborers in Dhaka city, including risky health behavior, abusive behavior, sexual harassment, school dropout, unhygienic dietary habits, hazardous work conditions, and substandard living environments. Their socio-economic conditions make them susceptible to physical and mental setbacks, exploitation, and loss of dignity. The study emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive support and breaking the cycle through educational, health, and social initiatives. It offers a detailed portrayal of the living conditions of female child laborers in Dhaka city, providing valuable insights and evidence-based policy prescriptions for policymakers and Non-Government Organizations to formulate effective policies and measures to safeguard this vulnerable community.

A systematic literature review on the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in South Africa

Smallholder farmers in South Africa are increasingly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, posing significant threats to their livelihoods and food security. This systematic literature review investigates the several impacts of climate change on smallholder farmers across the country. The literature review used a systematic approach to search for relevant research across three academic databases such as Google scholar, Consensus, and Zendy. Based on the inclusion criteria for the literature review, 261 articles were initially screened, and 35 articles were included in the systematic review. This process helped to identify the most relevant and high-quality studies on the topic. The data extracted from the 35 articles were analyzed and synthesized to identify the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. This helped to identify commonalities and differences across the literature, and to draw conclusions about the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The study identified and examined the specific challenges faced by smallholder farmers, including the loss of livestock, reduced crop yields and heightened economic hardship. Additionally, the review explores the coping strategies employed by farmers to mitigate these challenges and adapt to the evolving climatic conditions. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and support mechanisms aimed at enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers and ensuring the long-term sustainability of agricultural practices amidst the challenges posed by climate change. Furthermore, the study provides valuable recommendations for policymakers, agriculturalists, and other stakeholders to address the identified issues and support smallholder farmers in adapting to climate change.

Psychosocial Causes of Crime; Offender as Victim. Post-Soviet Georgian Perspective

This study explores the psychosocial causes of crime, particularly focusing on the unique socio-cultural context of post-Soviet Georgia. It examines how offenders can be both perpetrators and victims due to tough environments. It shows how socio-economic issues and the breakdown of traditional support systems influence criminal behavior. This study explores the experiences and motivations behind criminal behavior among older individuals in post-Soviet Georgia. It aims to understand how the collapse of socio-economic structures and the influence of criminal subcultures contributed to the rise in crime during this period. Using mixed approache, the study combines a thorough literature review with in-depth interviews of 12 men aged 35 to 50, who were convicted of violent crimes in Georgia during and shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The findings suggest that economic hardship, social stigmatization, and the appeal of criminal subcultures were major drivers of criminal behavior. Many participants pointed to tough economic conditions, societal pressures, and a feeling of learned helplessness as key factors behind their actions. The study also highlights the long-lasting effects of early stigmatization and the socio-economic challenges faced during the post-Soviet era. The study concludes that to effectively address criminal behavior, it’s essential to create comprehensive rehabilitation and reintegration programs. These programs should address both psychological and biological factors, provide economic support, build social networks, and offer trauma-informed care. There’s a clear need for targeted interventions that not only prevent crime but also help former offenders reintegrate into society.

홈리스 청소년 자립지원을 위한 법제 개선 연구

Nearly 70,000 homeless youth in South Korea require state support due to the lack of protection within their original families. However, the current legal framework divides these youth into two categories: children in need of protection and youth in crisis, each subject to different support systems and discriminatory policies. Despite repeated system improvements, many young people continue to face economic hardships and isolation, leading to tragic outcomes. This bifurcated approach to youth homelessness and the resulting sense of exclusion undermine the dignity and worth of homeless youth. This study aims to explore a unified legislative framework that integrates the support for children aging out of care under the Child Welfare Act and youth outside the home under the Youth Welfare Support Act. To this end, it compares the support systems for homeless youth in the United Kingdom, establishes a legal definition for homeless youth, and proposes the introduction of supported housing, which combines housing and services, to enable youth who have left home to live inclusively within their communities.

The influence of children’s immigration status on households with unauthorized parents

This study sought to examine children’s immigration status as predictors of immigration related psychological distress and poverty among household with unauthorized parents. Immigration related psychological distress included stressors associated with working in United States without legal working papers and living in constant fear of deportation. Poverty was assessed by looking into income-to-needs ratio. Children’s immigration status accounted for unique significant variance for poverty. The results indicated that households with unauthorized children were more likely to experience poverty than households with mixed-status children. Similarly, household with mixed status children were more likely to experience poverty than household with documented children. Although immigration-related psychological distress initially differed by children’s immigration status, these differences disappeared after accounting for the income-to-needs ratio, highlighting poverty as a key factor in this distress. The findings that households with unauthorized parents, regardless of their children’s immigration status, face higher poverty rates and that poverty drives immigration-related distress highlights the need for policies like DAPA, which could alleviate economic hardship and mental health challenges for these families.