Economic Growth In Asia Research Articles

The Impact of Co2 on Economic Growth in Asean 8

Environmental pollution may directly decrease output and decreasing productivity of man-made capital and labor. The distressfulness and the long term damaging effect of this environmental pollution can contribute to destructive consequences on human wellbeing and economy. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between CO2 on economic growth in Asean 8. The income levels per capita gross domestic product per capita were measured from the year 1965 to 2010. This study formulates a three equation simultaneous model for empirical research. In the pollution indicator emissions, CO2 in Asean 8, the Environmental Kuznets Curve relationship is found.

Research output and economic productivity: a Granger causality test

The correlation between GDP and research publications is an important issue in scientometrics. This article provides further empirical evidence connecting revealed comparative advantage in national research with effects on economic productivity. Using quantitative time series analysis, this study attempts to determine the nature of causal relationships between research output and economic productivity. One empirical result is that there is mutual causality between research and economic growth in Asia, whereas in Western countries the causality is much less clear. The results may be of use to underdeveloped nations deciding how to direct their academic investment and industry policy.

Validation of a Crop Yield and CO2 Fixation Model over Southeast Asia by Carbon Partitioning in Grain Plants

A photosynthetic-sterility model for grain production monitoring has been developed and validated under the background of climate change and Asian economic growth in developing countries. This paper presents an application of the model to evaluate carbon-fixation rates in yields of paddy rice, winter wheat, and maize in Asia. The validation of the model is based on carbon partitioning in grain plants. The carbon hydrate in grains has the same chemical formula as that of cellulose in grain vegetation. The partitioning of carbon in plants can validate fixation amounts of computed carbon using a satellite-based photosynthesis model. The model estimates the photosynthesis fixation of rice reasonably in Japan and China. Results were validated through examination of carbon in grains, but the model tends to underestimate results for winter wheat and maize. This study also provides daily distributions of the PSN, which is the CO2 fixation in Asian areas combined with a land-cover distribution classified from MODIS data, NDVI from SPOT VEGETATION, and meteorological re-analysis data by European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts (ECMWF). The mean CO2 and carbon fixation rates in paddy areas were 25.92 (t CO2/ha) and 5.28 (t C/ha) in Japan, respectively. Comparisons between the model’s values and MODIS seasonal PSNs show similar trends. The writers are preparing to compare computed photosynthesis rates with observed AsiaFlux data for the validation of this model at field sites of paddy, grassland and forests in Japan and Asian countries.

Remittances and economic growth in Africa, Asia, and Latin American-Caribbean countries: a panel unit root and panel cointegration analysis

This study estimates the macroeconomic impact of remittances and some control variables such as openness of the economy, capital/labor ratio, and economic freedom on the economic growth of African, Asian, and Latin American-Caribbean countries using newly developed panel unit-root tests, cointegration tests, and Panel Fully Modified OLS (PFMOLS). We use annual panel data from 1985–2007for 64 countries consisting of 29 from Africa, 14 from Asia, and 21 from Latin America and the Caribbean region, respectively. We find that remittances, openness of the economy, and capital labor ratio have positive and significant effect on economic growth for all regions as a group and in each of the three in study. While the economic freedom index also has a positive and significant effect on growth in Africa and Latin America, however, its effect on the economic growth of Asia is mixed.

International Migration, Population Age Structure and Economic Growth in Asia

From receiving countries' point of view, immigration may be an attractive policy option because it may attenuate the pace of aging in countries further along in their demographic transitions. Immigration policy potentially has important economic implications for several reasons. First, solely due to the compositional effects associated with immigration, a larger share of the population could be concentrated in the working ages. Second, immigration, particularly in the form of permanent immigration, may affect transfers and the accumulation of assets. Immigrants pay taxes that support children and the elderly, they have children who are supported by native taxpayers, and they grow old and rely on future generations of taxpayers. In this study, we assess whether cross-border immigration is likely to be an important policy option in response to population aging in Asia. The analysis presented here suggests, however, that realistic immigration policy is not likely to have a substantial influence on population age structure and its economic consequences on both receiving and sending countries are likely to be modest.

Japan and management of the transatlantic crisis: international responses and domestic struggles

This article aims to examine how the structural transformations in both materialistic and ideational contexts, symbolised by declining US influence and growing Chinese voices, has influenced Japan, a key US ally in the region and China's regional competitor. Based on a neo-classical realist framework which stresses the need to analyse domestic political processes, this article sheds light on the influence of these structural transformations on Japan's efforts to formulate its new growth strategies by rearranging policy priorities and engaging in regional and international collaborations. Since the crisis took place during a period which saw the demise of Liberal Democratic Party's five-decade rule and the advent of the Democratic Party of Japan government, the article analyses to what extent the economic stimulus programmes (launched by both old and new governments, respectively) differed and assesses how they have been effective in terms of stimulating domestic demands. The article also highlights Japan's efforts under the crisis-led structural transformations to involve fast growing Asian economies in its new growth strategy and to engage in the regional financial cooperation including the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralisation.

Good Morning, Vietnam! Opportunities and Challenges in a Developing Franchise Sector

Until recently the development of franchising in Vietnam was hampered by a regulatory framework that did not recognize franchising as a discrete business relationship. The introduction of Vietnam's Franchise Law in 2005 provided, for the first time, a legal foundation for franchising, which was a necessary prerequisite for sector development. Although there are currently few business format franchise systems operating in Vietnam, there is an increasing presence of established international franchise systems and increasing numbers of local systems albeit at an early “product distribution” evolutionary stage. Moreover, the commercial environment for franchising is increasingly favorable: Vietnam is the fastest growing Asian economy after China and India and is experiencing strong gross domestic product growth and annual retail growth. This article addresses the development of franchising, and the challenges and opportunities for franchisers in Vietnam.

The Development of Local Debt Markets in Asia

The paper makes an assessment of the progress made in developing local debt markets in emerging Asia. Market development has been limited by hurdles confronting borrowers and lenders, current and potential liquidity providers, and insufficient support from government policies and regulations. Besides fostering a credit culture to deepen local debt markets, the issue of critical size can be addressed through an integrated regional market for local currency bonds that provides greater scale, efficiency, and access. With rapid economic growth in Asia, a key challenge is to generate financial assets that can provide the underlying collateral for expanding fixed-income markets, and hence domestic and regional investment opportunities.

The Development of Local Debt Markets in Asia: An Assessment

The paper makes an assessment of the progress made in developing local debt markets in emerging Asia. Market development has been limited by hurdles confronting borrowers and lenders, current and potential liquidity providers, and insufficient support from government policies and regulations. Besides fostering a credit culture to deepen local debt markets, the issue of critical size can be addressed through an integrated regional market for local currency bonds that provides greater scale, efficiency, and access. With rapid economic growth in Asia, a key challenge is to generate financial assets that can provide the underlying collateral for expanding fixed-income markets, and hence domestic and regional investment opportunities.

The 2008 Global Crisis and the East Asian Developmental States Shifts of Export-Driven Strategies

AbstractThe 2008 crisis affected all regions across the globe. East Asia appeared one of the regions best positioned to overcome its impact because of the resilience of strong developmental states. The crisis has raised the question of whether the East Asian economic growth model is too dependent on high export performance. The sharp decline of private consumption in the OECD economies in 2008–2009 has affected continued economic success in East Asia. Now the challenge for East Asian developmental states is to search for a new economic strategy moving away from extreme dependence on exports.This imperative was first acknowledged by China, which has initiated an ambitious support package to stimulate domestic demand and private consumption, relying less exclusively on global foreign markets. Thus China has provided new and more accessible markets to its ASEAN neighbours, with the potential to substitute declining import capacity in Europe, Japan and the USA.A structural consequence of the global crisis indicates an acceleration in the rise of East Asia's economic integration. However, this new facilitation of export benefits for the ASEAN countries may delay or hinder long-term needed reforms to raise domestic living standards and wealth redistribution across Southeast Asia.

Investigating the Lee thesis: how bad is democracy for Asian economies?

This paper discusses the hypothesis that democracy hurts economic growth and development, also known as the Lee thesis, and discusses why one could expect dictatorship to be particularly beneficial for growth in the Asian context. Three general theoretical arguments in support of the Lee thesis are then presented. However, the empirical results, based on panel data analysis on more than 20 Asian countries, do not support the hypothesis that dictatorship increases economic growth in Asia. There is no significant, average effect of democracy on growth. Asian dictatorships do invest a larger fraction of their GDP than democracies, but they are worse at generating high enrollment ratios in education after primary school.

Economic Growth in Asia: Determinants and Prospects

Using a growth accounting framework, we find that developing Asia grew rapidly over the past 3 decades mainly due to robust growth in capital accumulation. The contributions of education and total factor productivity in the region’s past economic growth remain relatively limited. Our baseline projections based on the model of conditional convergence show that the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates of the 12 developing Asian economies covered by this paper will be consistently lower for the next 2 decades than their historical performance. However, policy reforms in education, property rights, and research and development can substantially raise GDP growth in the region and partly offset the slowdown in growth caused by the convergence phenomenon. By expanding at robust rates, developing Asia will account for close to two thirds of the world economy in 2030, almost doubling the current 34% share of the region in 2009.

Cancer research in Asia: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death in Asia, and within the next 20 years, Asia will bear more than half of the world's cancer burden. In Singapore, cancer represents the largest recipient of funding for biomedical research and the leading therapeutic area for clinical trials. Clinical trials should be conducted in Asia for a number of important reasons. First, the phenotypic expression of certain cancers is different between Asia and the West. A commonly cited difference is in non-small cell lung cancer, where the high expression of a mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in nonsmoking Asians, especially women, confers on them a greater sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, e.g. gefitinib and erlotinib. This has led to a change in the management of first line non-small cell lung cancer, with mutation positive patients benefitting from gefitinib more than paclitaxel and carboplatin as first line treatment (NEJM 2009; 361(10): 947-57). The metabolism of certain common cytotoxic drugs, such as doxorubicin, is affected by genotypes that are different in Chinese and Malay populations, compared to Indian and Caucasian populations, leading to differences in toxicities and thus possibly dosages (Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 2008, 18:621—629). Asia has well-trained doctors and scientists who can provide yet another site to accelerate drug development. Singapore was the site of the first-in-world trial of linifanib, a highly active oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). It has moved from phase I to phase III testing in 3 years and has shown promising activity in several common cancers (J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4718-4726). Asia's economic growth and increasingly educated population has led to a demand for cancer care as well as the means to afford it. Asia is also one of the fastest growing markets for the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, universities and research institutes in Asia have formed centers of excellence to complement those in the West.

To What Extent is Asian Economic Growth Harmful for the Environment?

This article aims at challenging the Neo-Malthusian hypothesis of incompatibility between demographic growth and preservation of the environment in developing countries. This theoretical hypothesis has been tested here on an empirical data set referring to a specific environmental variable and to a specific developing country. The case study covers the projected increase in carbon dioxide emissions in India in the period 2003-2030. The contributions of the demographic, economic and technological variables are calculated relative to the growth in carbon dioxide emissions through the IPAT model. The results confirm the hypothesis that the Neo-Malthusian paradigm is not appropriate to explain the demographic impact on the environmental variable in Asian economies. Instead, evidence has been provided to consider that the main determinant for environmental impact is still going to be economic growth. L’objectif de cette communication est d’evaluer la validite de l’hypothese neo-malthusienne selon laquelle il existe une incompatibilite entre la croissance demographique et la preservation de l’environnement dans les pays en voie de developpement Nous testons cette hypothese theorique en utilisant un ensemble de donnees empiriques relatives a une variable environnementale et a un pays en voie de developpement specifiques. L’etude de cas s’interesse a l’augmentation prevue des emissions de gaz carbonique en Inde, entre 2003 et 2030. Les contributions des variables demographiques, economiques et technologiques a l’augmentation des emissions de dioxyde de carbone sont calculees au moyen d’un modele IPAT. Les resultats confirment que le paradigme neo-malthusien ne convient pas pour expliquer l’impact de la population sur l’environnement dans les economies asiatiques. Au contraire, ils demontrent que le principal determinant de l’impact environnemental reste la croissance economique.

Exploring psychological contract contents in India: the employee and employer perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to examine psychological contract contents, as perceived by two parties of the employment relationship, the employee and the employer.Design/methodology/approachThe study is conducted in two phases. Study 1 employs critical incidence technique (CIT) to elicit from individuals their perceptions regarding organization obligations. Study 2 is designed to corroborate the findings of the first study through a survey of 401 employees and 66 employer representatives (functional heads).FindingsThe results of the two studies are consonant with existing literature; nevertheless the role of culture on psychological contract contents is visible. The study reveals variation in employee and employer perspective regarding organizational obligations.Practical implicationsIn India, recruiters need to go far beyond the discussions on compensation and focus on building relational aspects of job such as the job content avenues for career growth as well as creating a supportive work culture.Originality/valueThe study contributes to existing literature by examining content of psychological contract, a relatively neglected area of research in a fast growing Asian economy, India.

ASEAN economic growth, trade openness and banking-sector depth: The nexus

This paper investigated the linkages between banking sector depth, trade openness, and economic growth using a panel data set covering the ASEAN regional forum countries for the period 1961–2012. Using our multivariate framework, we first found that all the variables were integrated of order one and were cointegrated. Our panel-data estimation procedures offered more robust estimates than previous studies by utilizing variations between countries as well as variations over time. The results of this study indicated a general long-run equilibrium relationship among trade openness, banking sector depth and economic growth as well as a short-run relationship between these variables. Policy recommendations include those that will promote greater banking sector development as well as increased trade openness.

Asia energy mixes from socio-economic and environmental perspectives

Sustainable clean energy is the top social, economic, and environmental agenda of political leaders, policy makers, enlightened business executives, and civil society in Asia. Strong economic growth in Asia has caused a great demand for energy which has resulted in an enormous increase in CO 2 emissions. The association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), India, China, South Korea and Japan are the most important regions in Asia as their economies have been growing steadily. These countries though heavily dependent on fossil fuels have stepped up their measures towards low-carbon society amid domestic affordability challenges and changing global mindset. This report highlights the current energy scenario in these countries and their effort towards an affordable and sustainable clean energy future. The energy policy to enhance energy security and improve environmental sustainability is also explicated in this article.

RESERVE POOLING AND ITS IMPLICATION ON OPTIMUM CURRENCY AREA IN ASEAN

Regional economic integration in ASEAN, ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), is expected to produce positive outcomes on economic growth in ASEAN especially through its impact on trade and investment. This idea can be strengthened if regional monetary integration is followed. Therefore, focusing on reserve pooling, which is one of the proxy for Optimum Currency Area (OCA) variables, this study intends to examine the feasibility of a common currency in ASEAN. In addition, this study also investigates this idea in the presence of external shock.

Demographic Change and Economic Growth in Asia

AbstractTrade openness, high savings rates, human capital accumulation, and macroeconomic policy only accounted for part of the 1965–1990 growth performance in East Asia. Subsequently, demographic change was shown to be a missing factor in explaining the East Asian growth premium. Since 1990, East Asia has undertaken major economic reforms in response to financial crises and other factors. We reexamine the role of the demographic transition in contributing to cross‐country differences in economic growth through to 2005, with a particular focus on East Asia. We highlight the need for policy to offset potential negative effects of aging populations in the future.

Comment on “Demographic Change and Economic Growth in Asia”

Comment on “Demographic Change and Economic Growth in Asia”