Economic Figures Research Articles

The relationship between Turkey's olive oil export income and economic growth

The purpose of this study is to provide information about the agricultural product sector and the olive and olive oil products. Also, the main purpose of this study is the demonstration of relationship between Turkey's olive oil export income and economic growth figures. This relationship is examined by using the quarterly data in between 1999:Q1 and 2017:Q1. In addition, another aim is to find solutions on the existing problems and to provide recommendations about the sector.

The Practice of Introducing Category Management Methodology in Internet-Shop (Illustrated by the Ural Federal District)

In view of global changes that took place in the last decade in consumer behavior, competition rate and economy in general conditions of doing business are changing. Trade organizations have to search for new ways of raising efficiency in their economic activity. The article analyzes the fast growing internet-trade market. It studies the practice of introducing category management methodology in the internetshop, which works on pets’ goods market of the Ural federal district. During the research the following methods were used: system approach, comparative analysis, synthesis, economic modeling, as well as empiric and expert-analytical and statistic methods of economic analysis. The author prepared recommendations aimed at improvement of product range policy and demonstrated a great potential of the internet-shop, which could help develop strategy and tactics of product sub-categories being analyzed and forecast planned economic indicators. The present research is important for Russian trade companies, especially of the regional level. The author came to the conclusion that in case of adequate planning and product range management category management would provide an opportunity to improve economic figures of the company. Competitiveness of the company could be raised at the expense of meeting customers’ needs taking into account their requests and expectations.

Development of Public Private Partnerships in The Agrarian Sector of Ukraine: Digitalization as a Priority

The article substantiates the development of public-private partnerships in the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine stating the digitalization of it as a priority. In current conditions the agrarian sector is crucial for the economy of Ukraine that is proved by its economic figures. Simultaneously it bears a very important social role. Providing the beneficial interaction between the state and private business in the direction of digitalization of the agrarian sector through implementing public-private projects can become a significant step for raising both economic and social achievements in the sector and in the economy as whole. Thanks to the public-private partnerships in the agrarian sector the state can act as a partner carrying out control over food security, animals’ health, social norms, logistics of the agrarian product, etc. without direct penetration into the sector. Implementing of this is possible through providing digital technologies in the sector which will allow providing modern schemes of the economic activity.

Screening of membrane technologies in concentration of bitter extracts with simultaneous alcohol recovery: An approach including both economic and environmental issues

In this paper, concentration of a bitter extract with simultaneous recovery of ethanol via either nanofiltration or pervaporation is studied from economic and environmental standpoints. The production of a bitter non-alcoholic beverage requires an extraction plant to produce the bitter extract, and a blending-bottling plant that produces the final product. The processes under study are composed by a feed tank coupled to either a nanofiltration or a pervaporation membrane and operated in batchwise form. While the ethanol contained in the permeate is recycled to the main extraction process, the content of the feed tank at the end of the batch is sent to the bottling plant. There, it is diluted with deionized water to produce 1.1 E + 08 L/year of a non-alcoholic beverage.Apart from a base case in which the bitter extract produced in the extraction plant is sent directly to the blending-bottling plant, the economic and environmental performance of two nanofiltration variants using the membrane NF99 HF (Alfa Laval) and two pervaporation alternatives employing PDMS membranes from Sulzer Chemtech and Pervatech BV are deeply investigated within the framework of a screening methodology that can be applied to different membrane technologies and membrane materials.Beginning from experiments at laboratory scale of each process alternative, the corresponding conceptual designs are performed for different values of the main optimization variable; i.e., the nanofiltration/pervaporation advance defined as the ratio between the amounts of permeate (kg) and the feed charge (kg). From results at conceptual design level, economic figures and environmental scores are obtained from an economic model and a life cycle analysis (LCA), respectively.From the results obtained, the different studied alternatives are ranked from both economic and environmental standpoints. Nanofiltration with the membrane NF99 HF (30 °C and 16 bar) showed the best economic and environmental performance. On the other hand, pervaporation with PDMS membranes may be a suitable choice whenever the operating conditions allow for heat integration between the retentate and the permeate. Finally, the relevance of both process optimization with the aid of conceptual models and LCA as key tools in the screening procedure is highlighted.

Firm innovation and capitalist dialectics: The economics of Nina Shapiro

AbstractThis essay is a review of and tribute to the life and contributions of Nina Shapiro, who passed away this year. Shapiro was an American Post-Keynesian economist, who was a bridge figure in radical economics, connecting Marx to Keynes, Schumpeter to Kaldor, the behavior of the firm to the dynamics of the macroeconomy, and the process of innovation to the organization of production and accumulation. She was seminal to important moments in the history of radical economics in the US, including the formation of the Hegel-inspired journal Social Concept in the 1980s and the Rutgers University’s Post-Keynesian circle in the 1980s and 1990s. Shapiro’s deeply philosophical and dialectical approach to firm behavior, innovation, and business cycles led her to theorize the “revolutionary character” of Post-Keynesian economics and to formulate a critique of the competitive neoclassical firm which, she argued, is at odds with the logic of capitalism in which firms seek to make profit and grow.

RİZE’DE ZİRAAT, BALIKÇILIK VE HAYVANCILIK (1923-1950)

1923-1950 yılları arası Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde yapılan çalışmalar; iç ve dış barışa katkı sağlamanın yanında toplumsal dönüşümün ve ekonomik kalkınma planlarının ana merkeze oturtulduğu “Yeniden Yapılanma” dönemi olarak ifade edilebilir. İmkanların oldukça kısıtlı olduğu bu süreçte bir yandan sosyal ve ekonomik gerçekliğin tespiti yapılırken öte yandan Anadolu’nun en ücra köşelerine varıncaya kadar bir toplumsal dönüşüm hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda iç göçleri önleyerek yerleşik nüfus üretim seferberliğine katılması için bir dizi çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, coğrafi şartların etkisi, ekonomik katkı sağlayacak alanların tespiti, imarı ve geliştirilmesi adımları atılmıştır.1923-1950 faaliyetlerinde, Rize’nin potansiyeli, katma değer oluşturabilecek var-lıkları bu mülki adımlarla kayıt altına alınmaya başlanmıştır. Ekonomik kalkınma hamlelerinde, ziraat, balıkçılık ve hayvancılık belli bir kaide esasına göre ele alın-maya çalışılmış ve gerekli hukuki düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu düzenlemelerin halka anlatılması ve icrası hususunda resmi kurumlar ve kişilerin yanı sıra, başta gazeteler olmak üzere yerel unsurlar da önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu makalede, ziraat, balıkçılık, hayvancılık ekseninde Rize tarihini etkileyen eğitim faaliyetleri, mülki çalışmaları, yatırımlar ve ekonomik durumu değerlendirilmiştir.

Central bank announcements: Big news for little people?

Little is known on how and whether central bank announcements affect consumers’ beliefs about policy-relevant economic figures. This paper focuses on consumers’ perceptions and expectations of inflation and interest rates and confidence therein. Based on a sound identification (running surveys shortly before and after communication events), and relying on above 15,000 observations, spanning over 12 FOMC press conferences between December 2015 and June 2018, we document the impact of the central bank communication on the general public. While announcement events have no measurable direct effect on average beliefs, they make people more likely to receive news about the central bank’s policy. In general, informed consumers tend to have lower perceptions and expectations, higher confidence and, at least for perceived inflation, smaller errors.

Ormosils loaded with SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with Ag as multifunctional superhydrophobic/biocidal/consolidant treatments for buildings conservation

The alarming increase of pollution has significantly increased buildings maintenance. Nowadays, the economic figures associated to repairing activities are even more relevant than those corresponding to new construction works, especially on heritage buildings. Since the degradation of building materials is the result of a complex combination of physical, chemical and biological agents, the development of multifunctional protective treatments remains a significant challenge. We report a simple strategy to produce a versatile biocidal/superhydrophobic/consolidant treatment by incorporating biocidal Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) grafted to functionalized SiO2NPs into a silica sol, which can be applied by simple procedures such as spraying. The use of an Ag–SiO2 coupling agent increases biocidal effectiveness up to >90% values due to: (1) an increase of the AgNPs stability; (2) a hierarchical roughness due to the formation of Ag/SiO2NPs clusters; and (3) an enhanced contact with the cell walls. In addition, the synergistic effect allows for an easier removal of the dead cells, increasing the durability of the treatment.

Induced Travel Demand Modeling for High-Speed Intercity Transportation

Research shows that induced demand—ridership generated by improved level-of-service—can vary broadly, from near zero to 80% of the total ridership across high-speed rail projects. Such a wide range can yield very different economic figures which consequently have impacts on investment decisions. Because of data collection challenges and limited modeling techniques, however, this important aspect of intercity passenger transportation is not sufficiently understood. For example, many feasibility studies estimate induced demand by simply applying a fixed multiplier on top of demand diverted from other modes. This rough estimate is unreliable when the new service significantly improves the level-of-service. The most common alternative to the fixed-multiplier approach is to conduct a full travel demand model, which integrates data from multiple regions with multiple surveys. This approach is costly and time consuming, however, and as such is generally only practicable in the final stages of project evaluation. This paper aims to bridge the gap between these approaches to modeling induced demand by proposing a modeling framework which analyzes intercity induced demand effectively and efficiently, capturing most influential factors without requiring integration of incompatible regional datasets. The proposed framework consists of one single online survey which targets all residents in the study area and a behaviorally-consistent econometric model to derive induced intercity passenger demand. Derived induced demand results from the case study can enrich the literature on an innovative transportation mode which features ultra-speed.

International Economic Statistics: Biased Arbiters in Global Affairs?

International economic statistics play central roles in global economic governance. Governments and international organizations rely on them to monitor international economic agreements; governments use them to understand potential imbalances in bilateral relationships; and international investors build their country assessments on such data. These statistics increasingly suffer from serious defects, however, due to globalization, the digitization of our economies, and the prominence of secrecy jurisdictions and multinational corporations. For that reason, economic data is not a neutral arbiter in international affairs. Instead, it suffers from four kinds of bias: Expert attention bias means that the objects of measurement—what they are meant to capture—depend on the preoccupations of the small circle of statistical experts. Countability bias skews economic figures in favor of countable objects and away from, for example, unremunerated labor and production as well as ephemeral economic process, such as knowledge production. Capitalist bias emerges because economic statistics naturalize unequal power relations in the global economy: They mistake a country’s inability to fetch high prices for its products for low productivity and a lack of added value. Stealth-wealth bias, finally, means that statistics naturalize the distorted image we have of the global economy as corporations and individual hide profits and wealth in secrecy jurisdictions. This article cautions against an insufficiently critical use of statistics in international affairs. And it encourages policymakers to “know thy data” lest biases in the numbers generate skewed policies, unnecessary disputes and a gradual delegitimization of statistics in general.

EVALUATION MANAGEMENT BROILER PRODUCTION PROJECTS AT BAGHDAD PROVINCE USING MANAGEMENT CRITERIA

This research aims were to evaluate management of broiler production projects in Baghdad province via using the criteria of management, included production index and economic figure (PI and EF) that specified to those projects. in addition to criteria of economic efficiency also applied (INME) index number of management efficiency, in order to the research requirements, data were obtained based on a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which was collected by personal interview of (60) projects of the broiler production projects from (516) projects representing 11.6% of the research community in Baghdad province in 2016. The results show that mean of PI and EF was (338). The increase in these two criteria is generally due to control of management procedures, while 48% of the sample projects according to the INME index gave values higher than 100. This reflects the effect of the high level of management efficiency on FCR and consequently on the level of production of meat broiler. The results were also shown in accordance with the economic and financial criteria used in the evaluation of meat broiler projects. All the categories of projects achieved positive returns. The research concluded that the sample projects are economically merit, with the benefit cost ratio (1.5). Also the broiler projects rely little on the permanent work represented by the number of administrators. This is confirmed by the low percentage of fixed costs, The research recommends to adoption of modern administrative, production and technical methods to manage the production of broiler projects and to encourage investment in such of these projects because of their economic efficiency and featured in the short cycle of capital.

ECONOMIC SCIENCE CRISIS AS A REFLECTION OF THE WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS. AKNOWLEDGMENT AND APPROACHES

Contemporary world admits and analyses the destroying results and consequences of the largest-ever bankruptsy of the Lehman Brothers Investment bank which lead to the mortgage crisis and turned into the global one. The recession continues up to present, i.e. almost for ten years. Leading economists forecast the further negative issues and confess that the economic figures would never go back to the ones we had back ten years ago. The extreme points of consideration the recession and the crisis issues are in contradiction with the economic theory which predicts further recession though may never provide consistent and exact figures and dates. The reflection of the crisis onto the economic theory and science may provide further materials for discussions and arguments against existence of the crisis, as the global economy development never interrupted. Moreover, the world faced the birth of an absolutely new and enigmatic product on the market – cryptocurrency. The question is: would the cryptocurrency bring the relief in terms of recession or would it lead to a new default of the market? The economic science estimates the pros and cons of the existing risks and market threats and hopefully will play its substantial role in eliminating them.

EXPORT ISSUES IN ASSESSING COUNTRY’S COMPETITIVENESS

Often in scientific circles, mistrust regarding the reliability of competitiveness or other indices is expressed. The definite part of the economists think that it is not advisable to form any serious strategies based on these indices. This mistrust is probably caused by less awareness in these issues, especially because of the absence of tangible, confirmed ties between these indices and the real economic figures. We often witness only superficial talks about indices, focusing on the place of the particular index of the country in certain rankings, which causes its politicization and the discussion of the fundamental issues is not taken into account. In this publication we will try to concentrate on the indices focusing on country’s competitiveness and trade support. Such a choice was determined by two important issues: the first is the direct connection of these indices with the competitiveness of the country’s exports and the second - both of these indices are made by the World Economic Forum and hence certain unified methodological approaches exist.

Metastasis and retroactive causality in incentive rhetoric

ABSTRACTOur contemporary moment is characterized by the pervasiveness of economics in social life, and the extension of “incentives” into new areas represents this movement’s keystone. Originally a fairly narrow term from neoclassical economic theory, politicians, journalists, and cultural figures deploy “incentives” to explain all manner of activity: judicial rulings, gendered wage gaps, and even whether soccer players score penalty kicks. To address this, I elucidate the trope of metastasis – the rhetorical mechanism by which social life is “economized.” Metastasis entails a figurative displacement, wherein cause shifts from one place to another. More than simply a spread of narrow economic ideas into culture, incentive rhetoric metastasizes. It displaces alternative explanations onto neoclassical market axioms. Since its proponents insist that incentives are causal mechanisms, I introduce Jacques Lacan’s interpretation of Aristotle’s discourse on causality. Lacan rereads Aristotle’s “final cause” from a rhetorical perspective, and forwards the retroactive causality of the symbolic order. Incentive rhetoric exemplifies this concept, in which all outcomes are explained as having been caused by a prior, unseen market force. Incentive rhetorics promise a universal code that unlocks the mysteries of human behavior that reduces all context to discrete individual choices, thereby providing a discursive alibi for economic inequality.

South Asian Economic Growth Overview: The Nepal Case

This paper presents the economic figure of South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The paper incorporates the summary report of South Asian economic stance based on the report of Asian Development Outlook 2017 and IMF's world economic outlook database 2017 in relation to gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity (PPP), GDP per capita, Investment in Gross Capital Formation, Gross National Saving and Inflation based on average consumer price of South Asian countries and also special focus to Nepal. The study period covers from 2002 to 2017. The paper highlighted that there exists massive fluctuation in the GDP growth rate of South Asian Countries. More specifically, Maldives found highly fluctuated GDP growth rate followed by Afghanistan during 2003 to 2016 year study period. Bhutan, among the South Asian countries have made highest portion of investment whereas Pakistan seemed the lowest position for investment in the percentage of GDP. From 2002 to 2010, Afghanistan faced the toughest inflation among the South Asian countries and improved the inflation to the satisfactory level during 2011 to 2016. Nepal experienced the highest inflation during 2011 to 2016 and failed to improve in comparison to the period from 2002 to 2010. The need of improving per capita GDP, increasing the portion of investment for capital formation and controlling inflation in the region, is prime concern for rapid economic growth in South Asia.

Trinkwasserversorgung: privat gleich teuer?

The article examines the relationship between the degree of private ownership and the price level in the German drinking water market. In addition to a compact overview of important characteristics of the German drinking water supply and the regulatory framework, the empirical study focuses on the 100 largest communities and is based on a multivariate OLS regression and a fixed effects analysis using annual data for 2009–15. The results do not conclusively indicate a rise in prices due to a higher degree of private ownership. For future surveys, it might be useful to include key economic figures of the respective water supply companies into the analysis.

Multivariate analysis of the reliability, availability, and maintainability characterizations of a Spar\u2013Buoy wave energy converter farm

Quantitative reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) assessments are of fundamental importance at the early design stages, as well as planning and operation of marine renewable energy systems. This paper presents an RAM framework adaptable to different offshore renewable technologies, conceived to provide support in the choice of the device components and subsequent planning of the O&M strategies. A case study, characterizing a pilot farm of oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters (WECs), is illustrated together with the method used to obtain reliable estimate of its key performance indicators (KPIs). Based on a fixed feed-in-tariff for the project, economic figures are estimated, showing a direct relationship with the availability of the farm and the cost of maintenance interventions. Consequently, the probability distributions of the most relevant output variables are presented, and the mutual correlations between them investigated using principal components analysis (PCA) with the aim of discovering the relationships influencing the performance of the offshore farm. In this way, the contributions of the individual factors on the profitability of the project are quantified, and generic guidelines to support the decision-making process are derived. It is shown how this type of analysis provides important insights not only to ocean energy farm operators after the deployment of the devices, but also to device developers at the early design stage of wave energy concepts.

Рейтинг 100 влиятельных туляков – 2017: стабильность и перемены

The article discusses the annual ratings of influential people in the Tula Region and trends of changes in the positions of political, economic, cultural and creative figures.

Pricing and hedging equity-indexed annuities via local risk-minimization

ABSTRACTLin et al. (2009) employed the Esscher transform method to price equity-indexed annuities (EIAs) when the dynamic of the market value of a reference asset was driven by a generalized geometric Brownian motion model with regime-switching. Some rare events (release of an unexpected economic figure, major political changes or even a natural disaster in a major economy) can lead to brusque variations in asset prices, and hence we sometimes need to consider jump models. This paper extends the model and analysis in Lin et al. (2009). Specifically, we assume that the financial market has a regime-switching jump-diffusion model, under which we price the point-to-point, the Asian-end, the high water mark and the annual reset EIAs by exploiting the local risk-minimization approach. The effects of the model parameters on the EIAs pricing are illustrated through numerical experiments. Meanwhile, we present the locally risk-minimizing hedging strategies for EIAs.

Not seven, but eleven? European crises or “new normal”?

Not seven, but eleven? European crises or “new normal”?