Economic Empowerment Of Rural Women Research Articles

Towards a Profitable Pricing Strategy for Rural Women Indigenous Chicken Breeders: A Case of Rural Village in Zimbabwe

Indigenous chickens contribute towards poverty reduction, income generation and economic empowerment of rural women. In this regard, employment of a profitable pricing strategy in selling the indigenous chickens becomes fundamental. This study sought to find out the pricing strategies used by rural women indigenous chicken breeders in one purposively selected village in Zimbabwe. An interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative approach and a case study design were employed to examine the issue under review. Seventeen rural women indigenous chicken breeders were key informants. Data collected using semi structured questionnaires and face to face interviews was analysed to discern themes. Results revealed that rural women indigenous chicken breeders did not apply any pricing strategies when selling their chickens. Prices were approximated based on mainly the weight of the chickens. The study concluded that rural women indigenous chicken breeders were ignorant of pricing strategies and factors to consider when determining, prices for their chickens. Further to that, ignorance of appropriate pricing strategies exposed rural women indigenous chicken breeders to exploitation and loss of revenue. In light of this, the study recommended that workshops be conducted by personnel with an accounting background, to train rural women indigenous chicken breeders on the factors to consider in determining profitable prices for their indigenous chickens. The contribution of this study lies in the development of a framework of factors which rural women indigenous chicken breeders could use as a reference point when determining prices for their indigenous chickens.

Contribution of Some Governmental Organizations in the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Sohag Governorate

The research aimed to determine the level of governmental organizations contribution to the economic empowerment of rural women in Sohag governorate, identify the most important problems facing rural women when dealing with studied governmental organizations ,identify the most proposals of rural women to face these problems. The research was conducted in Sohag governorate, five administrative centers geographically distributed at the governorate level chosen it is center of Tama, Akhmim, Elmonshaat, Sohag and Juhaina Villages was chosen from each center randomly. The comprehensive research was identified by selecting all women benefiting from the governmental organizations, namely Egyptian Agricultural Bank, Social Unit and the National council for women, the number of female respondents was 250 Data was collected use a questionnaire collected a personal interview with the respondents, the data analysis using the frequencies, percentages. The results showed the level of contribution of the studies governmental organizations in economic empowerment of rural women low level and the proportion of female respondents into the low (52,8%) of total female respondents, and the proportion of the medium level (36,8%), and the proportion of the high level (10,4%). As for the most problem facing the respondents during their dealing with the studies governmental organizations where the complexity of the procedures during the progress of the respondents benefit from the services and activities studies governmental organizations (32%) of the total female respondents, followed by the problem the information not reaching to the rural women quickly (26,4%) of the total female respondents, As for the most proposal to solve the problems the procedures facilitated by (40,4%), followed by a proposal to communicate information quickly with a rate of (25,2%).

Economic Empowerment of Rural Women Through Micro-credit Intervention: The Case of Kedida Gamela District, Southern Region, Ethiopia

Economic Empowerment of Rural Women Through Micro-credit Intervention: The Case of Kedida Gamela District, Southern Region, Ethiopia

Economic Empowerment of Rural Women through Micro-credit Intervention: The Case of Kedida Gamela District, Southern Region, Ethiopia

A study was set out to investigate the extent of rural women's economic empowerment through credit services in Kedida Gamela, District Southern region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this specific study. Household surveys, Key Informant Interviews, and Focus Group discussions were used to gather data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 by using multiple linear regression models and descriptive statistics. The economic empowerment of women was significantly affected by demographic, socio-economic, cultural and institutional reasons in the study area. Specifically, multiple linear regressions analysis revealed experience in income-generating activities, the age difference between wife and husband, participation in extension and amount of cumulated loan received as the significant factors determining the economic empowerment of women. The results obtained from focused group discussants and key informants interview also confirmed that women who are credit users are better empowered than non-credit users. Inadequate finance was the prime constraint that limits women’s economic empowerment. The study concludes that the problem associated with women's economic empowerment is pertaining to the issue in the study area. To overcome such problems, effective initiatives should be undertaken by the concerned agencies in improving women`s education, skill acquisition training and access to adequate finance. also, concerted efforts like extension work, the introduction of labor and time-saving technologies along with adequate loan supervision could enhance women's economic empowerment in order to achieve gender equality and development at all levels in the study area. Keywords : Empowerment, Women empowerment, women economic empowerment and microcredit intervention DOI : 10.7176/JESD/11-1-06 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Contributions of Co-Operative Societies in Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Abia State

As the title indicates, “contribution of co-operative societies in Economic Empowerment of Rural Woman” aims at discussing ways and methods through which co-operative societies can contribute in Economic Empowerment of the rural women. It is unadoptable and undebately that the contribution of the co-operative societies will not only empower the rural women, but will also enlighten them on some aspect of their lives. This work is emphasizing that co-operative societies should focus more on the rural area so the impact of development and empowerment would be integral, i.e a kind of empowerment that will start form the grass root. The general objective of the study is to evaluate the contribution of co-operative societies in economic empowerment of rural women in Ohafia Local Government Area of Abia State. Data collection and analysis were gathered through the use of percentage and table in order to make the analysis very simple and comprehensive. Base on the collection of data I was able to make the following findings: Economic empowerment of rural women is a very important means of improving the general economic condition of the rural women. Women researchers and development centers have found out that 95% of the surveyed eastern rural women do farming as their primary occupation. However, the following recommendations were made, that government should assist co-operative societies by providing for them those thing they need to perform effectively.

Measuring and explaining changing patterns of inequality in institutional deliveries between urban and rural women in Ghana: a decomposition analysis

BackgroundDespite recent progress in improving access to maternal health services, the utilization of these services remains inequitable among women in developing countries, and rural women are particularly disadvantaged. This study sought to measure i) disparities in the rates of institutional births between rural and urban women in Ghana, ii) the extent to which existing disparities are due to differences in the distribution of the determinants of institutional delivery between rural and urban women, and iii) the extent to which existing disparities are due to discrimination in resource availability.MethodsUsing Demographic and Health Survey data from 2003, 2008, and 2014, this study decomposed inequalities in institutional delivery rates among urban and rural Ghanaian woman using the Oaxaca, the Blinder, and related decompositions for non-linear models. The determinants of the observed inequalities were also analyzed.ResultsInstitutional delivery rates in urban areas exceeded those of rural areas by 32.4 percentage points due to differences in distribution of the determinants of institutional delivery between the two areas. The main determinants driving the observed disparities were wealth, which contributed to about 16.1% of the gap, followed by education level, and number of antenatal visits.ConclusionRelative to urban women, rural women have lower rates of institutional deliveries due primarily to lower levels of wealth, which results in financial barriers in accessing maternal health services. Economic empowerment of rural women is crucial in order to close the gap in institutional delivery between urban and rural women.

Determinants of Rural Women Economic Empowerment in Agricultural Activities: The Case of Damot Gale Woreda of Wolaita Zone, SNNPRS of Ethiopia

This study was aimed at analyzing the determinants of economic empowerment of rural women through agricultural activities in the Damot Gale Woreda. A total of 369 sample farm households were randomly selected from four selected kebeles. Primary and secondary data sources were used for this study. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire, key informant interview and focus group discussions. To this end, the author used mixed research approach. Descriptive statistics, woman empowerment in agriculture index (WEAI) and regression analysis were used to analyzing the collected data. Overall five domains of empowerment (5DE) of the study area were 74% and the 5DE result shows that 66% of the women in the sample were disempowered. The regression result reveals that out of fourteen explanatory variables incorporated in the model, eleven variables such as age, family size, education level, household income, off-farm income, employment/doing any paid work, ownership of property, credit utilization, distance from the market, access of information and participation of community affairs were found to be a significant determinants of economic empowerment of rural women though agricultural activities in the Woreda. Whereas factors such as spousal relationship, farm size and extension service have no significant influence. The improvement of the contribution of each indicator to women disempowerment according to their importance shall reduce disempowerment and facilitate adequate empowerment in all dimensions. Hence the findings of the study may inform policymakers about the determinants of economic empowerment though agriculture in the Woreda, and helps to formulate constructive policy that will improve economic empowerment of rural women and that will to promote the economic development of the country on the other hand. Keywords : Economic empowerment, Binary Logistic Regression model, WEAI, Women. DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-3-05

Impact of Microfinance on Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in India: An Empirical Study

The paper studies that how the micro financing delivered through Banks and MFI's have helped women to achieve economic empowerment in rural areas. In order to assess the impact of micro financing on rural women's economic empowerment, primary data was collected from 737 rural women through questionnaire personally administered by researcher. Descriptive research design has been followed. Multistage sampling, including random sampling and non-random sampling method, has been used. Out of four administrative divisions of Haryana, two divisions i.e. Gurgaon division and Rohtak division were sampled based on 50% proportionate random sampling. Out of 11 districts belonging to these two divisions, 6 districts were sampled using the criteria of 50% proportionate stratified sampling. Tabular, graphical and econometrical methods were followed to analyze the data. Results show that micro financing has led to economic empowerment of rural women in India. Results of the Anova model, T-test showed that demographic factors like age, family income, had a positive and significant influence on economic empowerment of rural women availing micro financing. Researcher has suggested that more emphasis should be given on development of entrepreneurial skills through training for income generating activities to the women along with provision of micro financing so that sustainable economic empowerment can be achieved for women in rural areas. The paper recommends that the Government's micro financing scheme NRLM should be operational intensively in the districts where the reach of micro financing is limited.

Role of Participatory Videos in Economic Empowerment of Rural Women: A Case Study from Bangladesh

The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic empowerment of the rural women. Pragmatic information for the study was composed from 65 randomly selected rural women from the study villages using structured interview schedule. The result of the study showed that over half (56.9 percent) of the respondents had medium income improvement due to participation of IGAs like preparation of vermi-compost, preparation of botanical pesticide, home gardening, safe food processing and filming (recording of local events) as introduced by participatory video programs. The result of the study also illustrated that the top mass (70.76 percent) of the respondent women had participation in homestead gardening after joining with video programme while it was less than half (47.69 percent) before joining to video programme. Findings also showed that the half (61.6 percent) of the women had medium to soaring participation in family decision making method. Additionally the study discovered so as to out of the seven selected socio-economic characteristics of the women except age all the variables have significant positive relationship with their economic empowerment.

ELECTRONIC MARKETING AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN

The Research aimed to identify the types of products marketed by the respondents electronically, to identify the marketing methods used by the respondents, and what is preferred, identify the contribution of e-marketing in establishing women's own to identify the advantages and disadvantages of e-marketing from the point of view of the respondents, to identify the level of economic empowerment of rural women who market their products electronically, to identify the effect of Independent variables on The dependent variable( economic empowerment), and to identify the activities and extension efforts in the field of electronic marketing. The research was based on the social survey approach by selecting a randomly sample of the respondents in Qalyubiya Governorate (90) respondents, (30) respondents with Qalyubiya Facebook groups and (60) respondents were selected through (Open Day) (is a day of rural women show electronic products through Facebook pages). Data were collected during June, July and August 2017 and using frequencies and percentages, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, Step-Wise analysis to analyze research data. The most important result are as the follows 1- Most of the products that are marketed electronically are clothing (40%), Beauty Products (26.7%), Household products (7.8%), household food (7.8%), indicating Products not related to rural products and its products indicates a change in some purchasing habits in the countryside, which can be traced to electronic marketing. 2-(41.1%) of the respondents marketed their products through social networking sites, while (53.9%) of the sample used the usual marketing methods (such as selling in shops, markets) and the use of social networking sites in marketing. Half of the sample (45.6%) prefer marketing through social networking pages, (23.3%) prefer normal marketing, and (31.1%) prefer to use both methods. 3-The results showed that e-marketing contributed to the establishment of women in their own project. About (55.6%) of respondents said that emarketing was easy to market their products, and (51.1%) of respondents said that emarketing encouraged them to do their own project. 4-The most advantages of electronic marketing from the point of view of the respondents is to interact at any time, and get the largest number of customers, and marketing outside the village, and determine the opinion of the customer easily, easy to spread products and easy access to customers through social networking pages, and it has some disadvantages, the most important of which is the difficulty of inspecting the product to ensure the quality (14.3%). It requires follow-up and continuity to the personal page or the group on which the products are displayed (16.4%), the seasonality of the sale, the absence of a fixed salary (6.7%), and (8.4%) of the respondents mentioned that there are no disad vantages for electronic marketing from their point of view. 5- More than half of the sample (58.9%) is in the average empowerment category, while (37.8%) are in the low category, (3.3%) are in the high empowerment category. 6- The results of the study showed that there are four independent variables of the independent variables, e-marketing, training, family support, the judgment of the respondents on their project, all of which explain about 41.2% of the variation in the level of economic empowerment of the researchers. 7- All the participants were not exposed to any activities or extension efforts by the extension system.

Economic empowerment of rural women of Patiala through skill development and group dynamics

Home science component of Krishi Vigyan Kendras organize skill development trainings under the aegis of ICAR throughout India for the upliftment of rural women. These trainings are geared towards the needs of rural women in a particular context keeping in view their social needs, culture and geographic realities. The present study was carried out to assess the economic empowerment of rural women of Patiala through skill development and group dynamics. One hundred and twenty four respondents participated in the study. Primary data were collected through interview schedule during the year 2016. Results reveal that about 80% of the respondents improved their skills in stitch and needle craft while 87% respondents contributed to family income. Seventy per cent respondents agreed that they have better leadership and communication skills after skill development. Findings indicated that organizing women into self-help groups was a relevant strategy for empowering them, as poor women demonstrated a strong tendency to derive strength from being a member of the group. The intervention of KVK had a positive impact on functional status of self help groups. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Patiala was able to find a perfect fit between skills, resources available, technological options and marketing avenues.

Economic empowerment of rural women through SHGs in Jajpur district of Odisha

Rural development and reduction of poverty are the two important objectives of our nation. Self help groups (SHGs) have been proved to be an effective means to achieve these two objectives. The SHGs in Odisha have been in the services of rural women for quite a long time with successful achievement. The importance of SHGs in elimination of poverty has been greatly realized. A study conducted on “Economic Empowerment of rural women through SHGs in Jajpur district of Odisha” reveals that SHGs in the state is at increasing trend fulfilling the requirements of their members. Many researchers are in opinion that emerging SHGs are the right channel to reach and empower rural women.

Self-help groups –A boon for economic empowerment of rural women

Women are being increasingly seen as an important index of the social health of the nation. In spite of their active participation, they suffer from deprivation. Constant efforts are being made by the government to improve the status of rural women and paving a way towards economic empowerment, especially those living below the poverty line. One amongst such programme is SGSY, launched from 1st April 1999, covering all the aspects of self-employment such as organization of self-help groups, training, credit, technology, infrastructure and marketing. A study conducted at Girwapanchayat of Udaipur district with randomly selected 100 respondents from women SHGs formed under SGSY. The findings of the study indicated that most of the respondents gained economic benefits to high extent were increase in overall family income and get-off worries from every day employment with MWS from 1.57 to 1.61. Further mean income increased from Rs. 588.50 to Rs. 2888 which was found to be highly significant.

The role of community arts and crafts in the empowerment of women living in a rural environment

ABSTRACTLeisure activities has always been associated through empirical evidence in the literature highlighting the economic, social and personal wellbeing of individuals and communities. Engaging in leisure activities fosters social bonds, improved understanding between individuals, and brings about a sense of joy and empowerment which contributes to improving individual quality of life. However, for certain groups in society, especially women living in rural areas, participation in leisure pursuits is often limited by societally imposed gender roles, cultural, and religious factors. This is compounded by the lack of free time to engage in leisure pursuits due to the burden of the domestic workload, child care and work. Government and policy makers are increasing their efforts to find ways to empower women to combat inequalities. Acknowledging the lack of literature on leisure-based arts and crafts and women empowerment in non-western countries, this qualitative focus group study investigated the effect of participating in a leisure-based project on the economic attributes of empowerment of 18 rural women in two municipalities within the Limpopo Province, South Africa. A thematic content analytic approach was used to analyse the data. Results showed that community arts and crafts projects serve as outlets for economic empowerment of rural women. However, such benefits can be maximized by addressing the challenges and barriers rural women are confronted with.

Economic Empowerment of Women through NGO: A Case Study

Empowerment can be described as a process which helps people to have their control over the factors which affect their lives. Empowerment of women means developing them as more aware individuals, who are economically productive and independent and are able to make intelligent discussion in matters that affect them. Empowerment of women can help improve women’s position in society. Present study discusses about the nature and extent of impact of NGO on economic empowerment of rural women. Analysis has been conducted on the extent of economic empowerment achieved by the members of NGO through their participation. This study concludes with the note that due recognition must be given to women to lead an economically as well as socially empowered life.

Problems and opportunities of women SHGs in entrepreneurship development

Empowerment of rural women has emerged as an important issue in today. The economic empowerment of rural women is being regarded as independence for rural women. Rural women are becoming economically independent and providing employment opportunities to others through involving in micro entrepreneurship. Women's entrepreneurship contributes to the economic well-being of the family and communities and also reduces poverty. Self-help groups (SHGs) have smoothened the way for economic empowerment. Economic empowerment of rural women led to development of family, community, society, state and nation therefore it is very necessary to give keen of our attention over empowerment of women in the rural area for the real development of our country in all spheres. An SHG entrepreneur is someone that organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business enterprise. Today, more women are breaking free from the traditional, gender-specific roles and venturing into the business world. This study deals with empowerment of rural women through micro entrepreneurship development among rural women. This study was carried out to know the socio- economic background of the women SHG's, their knowledge, skills and earning capacity. The study also looked at the money management practices of women SHG members and their problems. On the basis of the findings that revealed limited knowledge of the women regarding value for savings, account keeping and financial liabilities. Only a few SHGs were found economically proficient.

Rural women empowerment: horticulture to improve the livelihoods of communities

Rural women entrepreneurship is passing through a transition period. The Indian rural economy is also experiencing an entrepreneurial need. A farm business necessarily requires deliberate decision and proper investment, after assessing risks and available resources to maximize profit. Therefore, entrepreneurship is not simply adoption of new technology but also transformation of technology suited to the rural sector. The main targeted objective of this program is economic empowerment of rural women through building capacity in entrepreneurship and information and communi­cation technology skills to enable them to market their horticultural produce (fruits and vegetables). The program aims to help the women self-help groups to earn improved livelihoods by organizing them into cooperatives. Farmers need to adopt a set of postharvest technologies which are cost effective and appropriate for reducing losses by keeping perishable produce fresh for longer period or processing them into durable products, viz., juice, pulp, concentrate, etc., to fetch a better return on their produce. An integrated postharvest management approach helps in achieving (i) better market access; (ii) nutrition security; (iii) poverty alleviation; (iv) employment generation; (v) environment protection; and (vi) economic transformation of rural populations. Apart from helping farmers to get loans through SHG-Bank linkage, it provides the necessary subsidy and techno-managerial support through training and capacity building so that the women will start making a reasonable profit from the beginning. This paper focuses on, and provides an insight into, the qualities required for rural women entrepreneurs, and the opportunities and challenges faced by them, followed by a brief discussion on entrepreneurship as a career.

Identify and Explaining the Social and Economic Factors Affecting Rural Women Empowerment (Case Study: Rostam County)

Identify and Explaining the Social and Economic Factors Affecting Rural Women Empowerment (Case Study: Rostam County)

Social and Economical Empowerment of Rural Women Through Self Help Group Formation in Jaipur District of Rajasthan

Women play an active role in agriculture, a strong need was felt to organize them into a group to bring out and improve their talent. The feedback obtained from the trainees of KVK sufficiently indicated that the impact of trainings and knowledge acquired by them during various training courses did not bear sustainable effects to bring about a desirable change in their standard of living. Hence, it was felt to organize the women and build a platform where regular interactions may sufficiently revamp their thinking and motivate their self-help spirit. KVK, Chomu emphasized the concept of social and economic empowerment of rural women through formation of self help groups. The members were trained in specific technologies, based on which they were engaged in income generating activities. The savings earned through various economic activities were utilized for meeting the needs of members. In spite of various constraints, the group could effectively function.

Economic Empowerment of Women Working in Khadi Village Industries (KVI) in Aligarh

Empowerment is comprehensive and multi-dimensional. It has cognitive, economic, social, and political dimensions. Economic empowerment is to make women take economic decisions and act on them. Women are the nucleus of a family and responsible for change, transformation and mobilisation. Acknowledging this fact and also women's individuality, government make interventions for their economic empowerment. Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) is a similar intervention for economic empowerment of marginalised women and other groups. It is an amalgamation of Gandhian philosophy of self-reliance and sustainability. It is significant to study KVI intervention as it is the oldest movement of mass-mobilisation and recognition of marginalised women. It intends to acknowledge women's capacity of balance and contribution to their family economy.The purpose of this study was to analyse the role of KVI intervention in the economic empowerment of rural women. The objectives of the study were to explore the demographic profile of women working with KVI and to measure the economic empowerment of women through KVI interventions. The study locale was Aligarh. A sample of 120 participants was selected randomly. The data was collected through semistructured interview scheduled under the guidelines provided by the International Centre for Research on Women (Golla, Malhotra, Nanda, & Mehra, 2011) (ICRW, 2011). As per ICRW there are three key indicators of economic empowerment (Reach and Process Indicators; Economic Advancement Indicators; and Agency or Power Indicators). For the purpose of the study, power indicator was selected. Tabulation and representation of data were done through measures of central tendency. Data was analysed through a qualitative approach. Due to intervention there was less gender segregation of work, more equity of domestic loads and contribution of other members in household work. Hence, along with providing avenues for income generation KVI is also empowering marginalised rural women.