Economic District Research Articles

Federal-Local Development Planning: Scale Effects in Representation and Policy Making

a larger-scale organization, often multicounty, and establishment of mechanisms for the representation of the poor and minorities in policy making are two examples. Metropolitan area councils of government and regional air pollution control agencies reflect the first pattern and economic opportunity boards the second. In a few cases, such as economic development districts, both the creation of a large-scale organization and the representation of economically marginal groups have been made conditions for obtaining federal aid. The decentralization of federally defined and funded programs to subnational levels is not unique to this decade. Many contemporary organizations are modeled after units created during the New Deal period. It is also apparent

Building Yingkou port into a main port in China

Abstract: Harbor plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a country or an area.After the World War II, the recovery of Japan’s economy, the emergence of “the Four Asian Tigers” and rise of China’s coastal districts, including the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta fully demonstrated harbor’s strategic role in economic development. As the nearest port to ocean in northeastern area, port of Yingkou values a lot to the development of city groups in the central part of Liaoning province and economic districts in Shenyang province, as well, to the rejuvenation of old industrial bases in northeastern area. At present,port of Yingkou has achieved leapfrog development, becoming a big port of hub accommodating hundreds million tons of goods. And it also transforming its developing model----from a port of hub to a powerful international port which is modern service oriented. So, from new starting point, it is very timely and necessary to have a scientific and new outlook on and to carry out new research on its transformation  and  development of Yingkou port. This paper, by analyzing the back-land of Yingkou port, investigating its collecting and distributing system, as well as studying its informatization of the management of port and supports from government and politics, tries to make Yingkou port an important port of China

The Economic Development Districts

The Economic Development Districts

Table 32: Number of Students in General Education Schools, Secondary Specialized, and Higher Educational Institutions by Union Republics and Economic Districts of the USSR

Table 32: Number of Students in General Education Schools, Secondary Specialized, and Higher Educational Institutions by Union Republics and Economic Districts of the USSR

Investigation of methods and practices of determining the actual economic effectiveness of water development systems

All the indices should be analyzed and determined for the whole period of operation of the System c0mponents under examination and should be compared with analogous indices of an alternate plan for the given branch and economic district. Particular attention should be paid to establishing a comparison between the initial economic and branch data. Thus, initial data of the conjugate objects (branches) must reflect the actual cost, taking into account the reappraisals of funds and the effect of other factors as, for example, improvements in work organization, etc. Following are outlined the methodological and practical recommendations, developed as a result of determInation of the actual economic effectiveness of the Upper-Svirsk complex hydro-system. The selection of the Upper-Svirsk hydro-system for this examination was determined by the fact that its hydro-electric station (HES) has been in operation for 13 years and is performing typical hydro-electron functions in the system such as participating in covering the peak loads and regulating the frequency. The Dubrovskoye thermo-electric station (TES), which was built during the same years in the same power system and operated on the local fuel at comparable capacities, can be taken as a substitute. Construction of the Upper-Svirsk hydro-system was begun before the Great Patriotic War. However, in August, 1941, as a result of war activities, the construction area was flooded. Construction was completed in 1952 and temporary use begun in the same year. Following the high floods of 1953, Onezhskll Lake was filled so that electric generation reached its design level The hydro-station is equipped with four turbines, each having a capacity of 40 MW. It is connected by 220-kV electric transmission lines with the Leningrad and Karelskii power systems. The substitute Dubrovskoye thermo-electric station was built during the pre-war years. This station (200 MW) was the largest electric generating plant in the system, and was considered as a reliable source of power for Leningrad because the fuel, consisting of local peat resources, was available. During the Great Patriotic War, the Dubrovskoye station was totally destroyed and its restoration required approximately the same capital, labor, and time investment as would have been required by a new station. In this respect construction of the Dubrovskoye station was found to be on equal conditions with the Upper-Svirsk station. The first phase (200 MW) was accomplished during 1944-1951, and the second phase (312 MW) in 1956. An important factor in economic effectiveness of production is the extent of utilization of the fixed and operational funds. The dynamics of utilizing funds in power production prov,.'des only an indirect characteristic of the effectiveness of operation in electric stations and sometimes also in the whole power systems. This is because practically all of the operational, technical, and economical indices are dependent on the work conditions in the

The First Chord

Mine No. 9, "Velikomostovskaia," in the Lvov Economic District, reached its planned rate of output early last year. Its indices would cause it to be classified as an average enterprise, of which one usually hears less than about a leading or lagging unit. But suddenly people began to talk about Mine No. 9 at the economic council and the regional committee of the party in Lvov, and at the Institute of Economics, the Ukrainian Economic Council, and the State Planning Committee of that republic in Kiev.

The Competence of the Economic Council of an Economic District and of its Individual Members

In accordance with articles 3 and 4 of the Law on Further Improvement of the Organization of Management of Industry and Construction, adopted May 10, 1957, (1) an economic council of an economic district is a collegial administrative agency. In this regard it differs from other administrative agencies of special competence: ministries, departments, the state production committees of the USSR Council of Ministers, and the state committees of the USSR State Planning Committee for branches of industry, which manage the enterprises and organizations under their jurisdiction in accordance with the principle of one-man management.

Improving the System of State Plan Indices

The Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union adopted by the 22nd Congress demands that the scientific level of planning should be raised to the utmost, taking into account the growing scale of the national economy and the rapid development of science and technology. This predetermines the further development of the democratic basis of administration with the consolidation and perfection of the centralized state management of the national economy. In conjunction with the development of the initiative of local organs, extension of the rights of union republics and a rise in the creative activity of the masses, the centralized administration of the national economy is the main prerequisite for the proportional development of social production, a continuous rise in labor productivity and creation of an abundance of goods. Coordination of the work of enterprises and of separate branches of the national economy and the economic districts into one production complex, developing according to plan, may b...

Institute - Sovnarkhoz - Production

The new forms of administration of production and construction have been tested in practice for two years. During this relatively short period the enormous advantages of the reorganized system of administration, its role in the further upsurge d all the branches of industry of the economic districts and in raising the social productivity of labor, have been adequately demonstrated. The reorganization of the administration of industry and construction is of great importance in strengthening the ties between science and production.

Some Problems in the Improvement of National Economic Planning

The target figures for development of the national economy of the USSR in 1959-1965, adopted by the 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union envisage a grandiose program for the upbuilding of communism in our country. Problems of further upbuilding of the economies of the constituent republics and the economic districts play an important role in the seven-year plan. An example of the unflagging attention given by the Communist Party and the Soviet government to the development of the economy and culture of formerly backward nationality areas is that of Kazakhstan. The volume of industrial production in the Kazakh SSR rose 43 times from 1913 to 1958.

The Statistical Study of Specialization and Subcontracting in Industry

The Communist Party and the Soviet government have paid and are paying much attention to specialization and subcontracting in industry. The seven-year plan for development of the national economy of the USSR in 1959-1965 envisages a further substantial development of specialization and subcontracting in industry, and in particular the further integrated development of the economic districts with consideration for the need for specialization of enterprises and improvement of subcontracting, and elimination of irrational cross hauls. Realization of these measures in the present seven-year plan will significantly improve the productivity of labor in industry.

Exploit the Natural Resources of the Economic Region More Thoroughly

The Kherson Economic Administrative Region unites the industries of the Kherson, Nikolayev and Crimea Oblasts. Hitherto, ship-building and the manufacture of machinery have been the major branches of industry in this national economic council. The metallurgical and chemical industries were considerably less advanced. Therefore, in the discussion at the enterprises of the theses of the report by Comrade N. S. Khrushchev, Target Figures for Development of the Economy of the USSR in 1959-1965, much attention was given to the more complete and rapid utilization of the naturalresources of our economic district (iron ore, the limestones of the Crimea, so efficient a raw material for construction as reeds, etc.).

The Village Character Theory as a Principle of the Formation of the Oriental Agricultural Region

1. Agricultural region in the drainage basin of the Koyoshi River, Akita Pref. -a sample valley section at Tohoku rice monoculture region .in Japan-is divided into three districts, namely complex economic district in Chokai mountain, rice monoculture district in alluvial plain, and truck farming district in Hon jo coastal dune. 2. The difference of velocity in the acceptance of new crops and livestocks, the change of occupation arising from the industrial fluctuation, and the phenomena of over-population as well as the want of labour in each district are occasionally seen. These phenomena can not be explained by any environmentalism and localization theory. 3. As a principle of explantion for these phenomena I offer the village charcter theory. This character is expressed by the combination and dependence of every farmers. 4. These combination and dependance are shown by the degree of dependance (degree of part-time farmer or tenant farmer), by the form of dependance (object which poor farmers have been depended), and by the mode of dependance (combining relation between the poor farmers and the being-depended-farmers). 5. Limits of these combinations and dependances in this drainage basin are coincided. with the limits of three phenomena above mentioned in the 2nd section. 6. Formation of oriental agricultural region is controlled by. the economic agency, the natural environment, and especially the village character which combines the economic agency with the natural environ-ment. When we study the oriental agricultural region, the village character theory as a new geographical principle. should be systematized together with the environment theory and localization. theory.

Recent Changes in German Governmental Organization

Within the last few years, changes have been carried out in the public administration of Germany which will affect the military government to be established during and after Germany's defeat. Their general trend has been to subordinate state (i.e., Reich, regional, and local) administration to the Party, which has been vested with more and more power. This is of particular interest in the light of the present “total mobilization,” in which the Party plays a dominant part. To some extent, the changes discussed in this note show a definite trend toward decentralization, although there has been no actual delegation of powers to smaller units, since all power remained in the hands of the Party—this being, of course, the reason why the Nazis could afford to “decentralize.” On the local level, the reforms aimed at tying together the loosening bonds between the régime and the people. Only the most recent emergency measures of “total mobilization” are touched on in this note.1. Gauarbeitsaemter. When the Reichsanstalt was created in 1927–28, the Reich was organized in 13 economic regions, each having one regional labor office (Landesarbeitsamt). The idea was to establish large economic districts containing various industries so that a crisis in one industry could be absorbed by the labor market of another within the same district, thus creating “ausgleichsfaehige Bezirke.”