Brazilian Economic Development Research Articles

The impact of biomass power plants on Brazilian workers’ income: a synthetic difference-in-differences approach

PurposeThis research assesses the economic impact of biomass plant installations on Brazilian municipalities, focusing on (1) labor income, (2) sectoral labor income and (3) income inequality.Design/methodology/approachMunicipal data from the Annual Social Information Report, the National Electric Energy Agency and the National Institute of Meteorology spanning 2002 to 2020 are utilized. The Synthetic Difference-in-Differences methodology is employed for empirical analysis, and robustness checks are conducted using the Doubly Robust Difference in Differences and the Double/Debiased Machine Learning methods.FindingsThe findings reveal that biomass plant installations lead to an average annual increase of approximately R$688.00 in formal workers' wages and reduce formal income inequality, with notable benefits observed for workers in the industry and agriculture sectors. The robustness tests support and validate the primary results, highlighting the positive implications of renewable energy integration on economic development in the studied municipalities.Originality/valueThis article represents a groundbreaking contribution to the existing literature as it pioneers the identification of the impact of biomass plant installation on formal employment income and local economic development in Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover such effects. Moreover, the authors comprehensively examine sectoral implications and formal income inequality.

Road concessions: Evidence of the effects of improving the transport infrastructure on economic development in Brazil

This study uses quasi-random variation in the implementation of the Federal Highway Concession Program in Brazil to examine the impact of improved access on regional economic development. The survey analyzed data from municipalities between 2007 and 2017, employing the difference-in-differences methodology with staggered adoption. The results suggest that the program contributed to a reduction in the number of fatal accidents and an increase in tax collection for municipalities crossed by the road concessions. However, the results for GDP and GDP of the services sector varied in terms of the initial year of concession, the accumulated concession time, and the calendar year. Locations that spent more time in the concessions had a positive return on GDP, while the effect of participation in the program on GDP was negative for groups treated later. The conclusions of this study have important practical implications for managers seeking to implement, expand or refine road concession policies.

Renewable energy power plants and economic development in Brazil’s northeast region

Brazil’s northeast is now the region with the largest installed capacity of renewable energy, predominantly wind and solar power. The purpose of this research is to show the relationship between the installation of renewable energy power plants and the economic development in the northeast of Brazil. The methodology used is the generalized spatial two-stage least-squares regression with a spatial lag of the dependent (GDP per capita and salary growth) and independent variables (presence of solar or wind power plant). The results indicate that the presence of renewable energy power plants is beneficial only in terms of GDP per capita growth and not in terms of salary increases. Moreover, the municipalities that benefit the most in terms of GDP per capita growth are the neighboring ones, meaning that the spillover effect is greater than the direct effect. Consequently, renewable power should be adjusted to economic and social situations to avoid local tensions with traditional resource users and inhabitants.

ПОЛИМАСШТАБНЫЙ ПОДХОДК ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ НЕОДНОРОДНОСТИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДОХОДОВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ БРАЗИЛИИ

The aim of the research is to identify the key features of spatial inequality of income distribution in Brazil and its representation on different spatial scales: on the regional, state or municipal level, as well as special statistical grids (mesoregions and microregions). The economic development of Brazil in the beginning of the XXI century is characterized by reducing of the level of income inequality, as well as a certain decrease of the level of spatial inequality between the southern and northeastern regions. The common rule is that the heterogeneity of income distribution gradually increases from top to the lower levels of spatial division. The analysis of inequality measures has proven that despite of the general decrease of regional inequality in 2000–2010, the lower levels of territorial division have shown the lowest progress in reducing regional inequality. The paper also proposes the ways to illustrate spatial inequality when applying polyscale method, based on mapping the variation of average population income in Brazil on different scale levels.

Road Concessions: Evidence of the Effects of Improving Transport Infrastructure on Economic Development in Brazil

Road Concessions: Evidence of the Effects of Improving Transport Infrastructure on Economic Development in Brazil

Constitutional aspects of distributed generation policies for promoting Brazilian economic development

State regulation in the electricity sector is essential for economic development and serves as a foundation for sustainability in the modern world. Several incentives have been put in place to stimulate energy generation through renewable resources in Brazil, starting with Decree 5.163 from 2004 and Normative Resolution – REN no. 482 from ANEEL (National Electricity Regulatory Agency), which established ways for consumers to generate electricity for their own consumption using renewable sources, and to distribute this energy back to the grid via a net-metering system. This article addresses the issue of electric energy control, generation, and distribution, and gives new perspectives from within the Distributed Generation (DG) system. The main objective of this article is to analyze the incentive mechanisms for DG in Brazil from a constitutional standpoint, which were set forth to promote economic development in the Federal Constitution of 1988. Furthermore, this study discusses the regulatory nature of the State, and changes to its role in economic intervention, discussing economic development concepts for how regulation might impact the development and promotion of DG in Brazil.

Challenges and pathways for Brazilian mining sustainability

Brazil is one of the world key players in the mining industry. This sector has also a remarkable role on the Brazilian economic and social development. Nonetheless, the economic, social and environmental impacts of the sector have not yet been fully documented, debated or understood in reports presented by companies and public organizations in the country. In this context, this research aims to contribute to this debate by analysing sustainability in the Brazilian mining sector. For this research, the approach has used mostly a qualitative method, interviews, coupled with content analysis of reports of public mining agencies. Results showed that sustainability assessment and communication is still an emergent process in Brazilian mining, since only a few large companies have been reporting their sustainability initiatives. The results provide also evidence of the existing gap between large and small companies, with the latter showing lower levels of awareness of the impact of their activities. Based on these findings, this research has concluded on the need for closer cooperation between government, public mining agencies and companies to raise levels of knowledge and awareness within companies, towards sustainability practices and communication initiatives.

Characterization of clay deposit in the central region of Piauí for use in the ceramic industry

ABSTRACT The clay ceramics industry comprises materials used in construction (bricks, tiles, and expanded clay, among others), is of great importance for Brazilian economic development, and the industry is seeking new sources of raw material, mainly clay. The present work aims to characterize a clay deposit located in the central region of the state of Piauí, to make feasible its use as ceramic raw material, seeking to boost the clay ceramics industry. The chemical composition, the crystalline phases, and the plasticity of the clay were analyzed. Specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressing, dried in an oven at 110 °C, and then heated to 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C. Bending strength, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, water absorption, and mineralogical, macrostructural, and microstructural analyses were determined. The results showed an improvement in the indices with the increase in the firing temperature and that the samples showed a reddish coloration due to the presence of iron, as well as quartz and kaolinite. Thus, the clay deposit has the potential to become raw material for the clay ceramics industry in the state of Piauí.

ВПЛИВ ПРЯМИХ ІНОЗЕМНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК КРАЇН, ЩО РОЗВИВАЮТЬСЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ БРАЗИЛІЇ)

Foreign direct investments (FDI) play an important role in the economic development of countries due to the intensification of capital formation processes, the transfer of technology and scientific knowledge as well as increasing labor productivity and social standards. The important role of FDI as a catalyst for economic growth is confirmed by the experience of a number of countries that have recently demonstrated the high positive dynamics of their economic indicators and the significant structural transformation of their economies in the modern way. The most striking example is China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea. Studying and using foreign experience on the FDI impact on the development of the economies of recipient countries can be very valuable for Ukraine. The main goal of the author is to determine the impact of FDI on the economic development of Brazil. To establish the relationship between FDI inflows and economic development, the following were determined: a) the role of FDI in the formation of gross national product, the impact of FDI on economic growth in the country; b) the role of FDI in the formation of modern production and trade of the country; c) the role of FDI in job creation and human capital development; d) the role of FDI in the development of technical and technological progress in the country. The analysis of the movement of FDI into Brazil shows the coincidence of the sectoral composition of FDI investment and the country's current export composition. This confirms the conclusion that many decades ago, thanks to FDI, the foundations of Brazil's modern competitive industries were laid, which now form the basis of its exports. Thanks to the policy of the Brazil government, FDI was actively directed (through the system of incentives to foreign investors in exchange for stringent requirements for them) in the development of the country's manufacturing industry, primarily metalworking, mechanical engineering, and the production of chemical products. As a result, we note that potentially FDI can have a significant positive effect on accelerating economic growth and making a real contribution to the economy of the recipient country. It depends on many factors, including the level of economic development of the country, the ability of TNCs to organize a highly profitable enterprise, investment climate, and the like.

A dinâmica recente do transporte marítimo de cabotagem e longo curso no Brasil

This article presents an analysis of cabotage and long course shipping in Brazil, considering the flows, modernizations, the importance of private and State logistics, as well pointing some restructuring of the port and maritime sector. Cabotage and long course transport is relevant to Brazilian economic development, to the flow of goods and essential to meet corporate and human demands. Encourages interregional and Brazilian interactions with other countries, intensifies networks and flows in space and realizes the articulation between producers and the market. There is a relative modernization of the Brazilian port and maritime sector, however, it presents several bottlenecks that damaging national economic growth.

A EXPANSÃO CANAVIEIRA E AS ALTERAÇÕES EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE EM RESERVATÓRIOS ARTIFICIAIS / THE SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION EXPANSION AND CHANGES IN PERMANENT PRESERVATIVE AREAS IN ARTIFICIAL WATER RESERVOIRS

A expansão do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar passou a ser justificada por se tratar de um dos pilares do crescimento econômico brasileiro, todavia, esse crescimento muitas vezes ocorre em detrimento das questões sociais e ambientais. O novo Código Florestal, sancionado pela Lei n° 12.651, em 25 de maio de 2012 reduziu drasticamente a proteção sobre as áreas do entorno dos reservatórios artificiais destinados a geração de energia elétrica com concessão anterior a 2001, passando a abranger somente a cota máxima de operação do reservatório. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em compreender as alterações promovidas na seara ambiental após a publicação da Lei n° 12.651/12, em especial no que tange às áreas de preservação permanente no entorno do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de São Simão, no município de Santa Vitória (MG). No campo técnico, utilizou-se da pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, valendo-se pesquisa teórica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo para consecução dos objetivos. Por fim, os resultados da pesquisa identificaram a territorialização ocorrida no Triângulo Mineiro e no município de Santa Vitória (MG) pela cana-de-açúcar, substituindo culturas existentes e áreas de pastagem em razão da instalação de diversos empreendimentos sucroenergéticos. Verificou-se ainda que já teve início a ocupação pela cana-de-açúcar das antigas áreas de preservação permanente, agora desprovidas de proteção legal, ocasionando diversos prejuízos ao meio ambiente.

<b>A formação continuada do professor no desenvolvimento brasileiro e sua relação com as diretrizes cepalinas nas décadas de 1960-1970

O fundamento do qual partimos é que o fomento e as demandas por políticas de formação continuada dos professores têm base histórica em condições relacionadas ao contexto do desenvolvimento brasileiro atrelado às orientações e diretrizes internacionais, especialmente da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (Cepal) a partir da década de 1960. O objetivo do presente texto é analisar, à luz do materialismo histórico dialético, tal relação, considerando, o relatório das conclusões e as recomendações da Conferência sobre a Educação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social na América Latina, realizada em Santiago do Chile em 1962, em que os temas formação, intensificação, aperfeiçoamento e capacitação docente são explicitados como os suportes humanos da educação e como estratégias fundamentais para alavancar o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. O estudo apresentado é uma revisão bibliográfica e documental e tem a pretensão de contribuir com a ampliação do debate e explicitação das necessidades inerentes a esse contexto por políticas de formação continuada dos professores e, como contraponto, evidenciar os movimentos dos educadores contra hegemônicos antagônicos à linearidade da implantação dessas diretrizes.

Produtividade de mandioca avaliada sobre adubação fosfatada e a adubação de cobertura

Cassava is one of the most promising crops in family agriculture, contributing to the social and economic development of Brazil. In spite of this, traditionally the culture is conducted with low financial investment, generally, not having corrective and fertilizer application in adequate doses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of phosphate fertilization and yield fertilization on cassava (IAC 12). The experiment was developed in a subdivided plot with 24 replicates. Four doses of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 160 kg of P2O5 / ha) and cover fertilization (0 and 250 kg / ha of 20--20-20) were evaluated. Harvesting was performed xx months after planting and productivity per plant was determined. Variance analysis and Scott-Knott's test were performed to compare means. There was an increasing response to phosphate fertilization; the productivity was higher for the 160 kg dose of P2O5 / ha, which is twice the maximum dose recommended by CFSEMG, showing that although it is rustic, the plant is responsive to phosphate fertilization. Regarding the cover fertilization, there was no significant difference between the treatments. It was concluded that the cultivar of cassava IAC 12 is responsive to phosphorus, requiring studies with higher doses.

Respuesta de la Manihot esculenta Crantz a diferentes tipos de preparación del suelo

Manihot esculenta Crantz is a native species of central Brazil present in all tropical and subtropical territories, has good adaptability, tolerance to drought and presents satisfactory yield in low fertility soils, promising crop in the family agriculture, contributing to the social and economic development of Brazil. In spite of this, traditionally, the culture is conducted with low financial investment, and in general, does not have the application of corrective and fertilizer in adequate doses. The objective of this work was evaluate the effect of two types of soil preparation; achievement or not of plaster; and four limestone rates on cassava yield (IAC 12). The experiment was carried out in a sub-divided plot with 24 replicates. Two types of soil preparation were evaluated: one with plow and grating and the other only with grating; plastering (0 and 650kg / ha); and four doses of limestone (0, 600, 1000, 1400 kg / ha). Harvesting was performed 10 months after planting and productivity per plant was determined. Variance analysis and ScottKnott's test were performed to compare means. It was found that there was no significant response to any of the treatments performed.

Ideias econômicas e economistas no Brasil: notas para o entendimento de um regime de conhecimento anti-austeridade.

A discussão sobre o desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil está associada à criação e institucionalização da economia como disciplina acadêmica e profissão. Ao longo do século XX, economistas se converteram em especialistas do desenvolvimento e atores políticos onipresentes. Esse artigo busca recuperar uma agenda de pesquisa gerada nos anos 1990 que explora o papel político dos economistas e discute a centralidade das instituições econômicas como estabilizadoras da democracia em países latino-americanos. Além disso, defende-se que a difusão de um “pensamento econômico brasileiro” e suas especificidades estão vinculadas ao modo específico como se organizou o capitalismo no Brasil.

Novo desenvolvimentismo e conflitos ambientais na Baía de Guanabara: o Complexo Petroquímico do estado do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ) e os pescadores artesanais

Na última década ocorreram mudanças na estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro ocorreram na última década, através da criação de grandes projetos de infra-estrutura. O governo federal brasileiro lançou todos esses projetos em um Programa denominado “Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento” (PAC), esta estratégia teve como objetivo aumentar a produção, bem como o seu escoamento. A nova reestruturação territorial, realizada pelas políticas federais, marca um novo contexto de desenvolvimento – denominado "novo desenvolvimentismo" – baseado, principalmente, pela construção de grandes empreendimentos petroquímicos, usinas elétricas, rodovias, entre outros. No presente estudo, questionamos o Complexo Petroquímico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ). O COMPERJ ilustra um caso típico de conflitos ambientais comuns no conjunto de transformações definidas pelo PAC, principalmente devido a instituição de áreas de exclusão de pesca na Baía de Guanabara. Este empreendimento produziu um conflito ambiental com os grupos de pesca, suas diferentes formas de apropriação e uso do espaço, que é uma condição de existência de seus meios de subsistência.

Questões sobre conservação do patrimônio arquitetônico moderno e a Vila Serra do Navio

O reconhecimento dos valores históricos, artísticos e memoriais do patrimônio moderno construído é relativamente recente. Por ser uma categoria de preexistência arquitetônica ainda insuficientemente estudada sob o ponto de vista da preservação, sua recuperação física tem gerado importantes debates nos ambientes acadêmicos e profissionais acerca da aplicabilidade das recomendações internacionais de restauro de monumentos. Ao moderno só caberiam reformas de manutenção? Visando suscitar reflexões sobre as muitas variáveis de análise dos objetos historicizados associadas às questões de autenticidade que tangenciam a conservação do patrimônio arquitetônico moderno, neste artigo toma-se como objeto de discussão a Vila Serra do Navio. Trata-se de uma company-town localizada no Estado do Amapá, no meio da selva amazônica, tombada pelo IPHAN em 2011 como patrimônio cultural. Projetada pelo arquiteto paulista Oswaldo Arthur Bratke, a Vila foi construída na década de 1960 com excepcional qualidade técnica, formal e estética, e se vincula à especial episódio do desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro relacionado à exploração de minério. Seus edifícios estão sofrendo continuo processo de descaracterização. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com discussões sobre as perspectivas de preservação das edificações modernas da Vila, abordando questões teóricas fundantes do campo disciplinar da restauração e a reversão de critérios consolidados em documentos internacionais reguladores do século XXI.

Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Brazil: Recent Trends

This paper deals with the evolution of entrepreneurship and economic development in Brazil over the last decades. It shows the importance of the services sector in the creation of jobs for the growing Brazilian population, stressing also the factors at work for the slowdown in progress of the nation’s overall productivity in modern times. Some proposals to overcome this lacklustre performance of the Brazilian economy are contemplated in the end.

Elementos do pensamento econômico clássico e da geoeconomia nos processos migratórios do Brasil

O artigo tem como objetivo resgatar os elementos teóricos da formação econômica do Brasil intuindo contextualizar os processos imigratórios. Para tanto, buscou-se na literatura clássica da história econômica do Brasil os aportes teóricos e bibliográficos, bem como a abordagem de autores contemporâneos acerca do papel das migrações na formação econômica e dos capitais e capitalismos brasileiros entre o final do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX. Inferiu-se que a história econômica brasileira contribuiu vivamente à consecução dos fluxos migratórios de europeus e asiáticos para o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. As contribuições da História Econômica do Brasil e da Geoeconomia são primazes à interpretação das migrações, seus fluxos, repercussões e impactos na Economia como um todo. Celso Furtado, Caio Prado Junior, João Manuel Cardoso de Mello e outros se fazem, portanto, vivos e necessários também aos estudos das migrações econômicas.

Municipal Plenty, Municipal Poverty, and Brazilian Economic Development, 1836–1850

Municipalities in nineteenth-century Brazil bore the responsibility for providing public services that enhanced economic exchange, particularly physical infrastructure that facilitated the circulation of goods and services. Therefore, the question of whether the resources to pay for these services were abundant or scarce matters greatly to our understanding of Brazil’s history of economic development and socioeconomic inequality. Although ex ante budgets regularly predicted financial abundance, ex post financial statements repeatedly reported chronic deficits and financial instability. In the face of unanticipated revenue shortfalls, municipalities cut investments in essential public infrastructure, thereby dampening domestic economic exchange and perpetuating municipal poverty.