Indicators Of Economic Development Research Articles

New evidence on the real role of digital economy in influencing public health efficiency

In recent years, the rapid advancement of digital technology has supported the growth of the digital economy. The transformation towards digitization in the public health sector serves as a key indicator of this economic shift. Understanding how the digital economy continuously improves the efficiency of public health services and its various pathways of influence has become increasingly important. It is essential to clarify the impact mechanism of the digital economy on public health services to optimize health expenditures and advance digital economic construction. This study investigates the impact of digital economic development on the efficiency of public health services from a novel perspective, considering social media usage and urban–rural healthcare disparities while constructing a comprehensive index of digital economic development. The findings indicate that the digital economy reduces the efficiency of public health services primarily through two transmission mechanisms: the promotion of social media usage and the widening urban–rural healthcare gap. Moreover, these impacts and transmission pathways exhibit spatial heterogeneity. This study unveils the intrinsic connection and mechanisms of interaction between digital economic development and the efficiency of public health services, providing a theoretical basis and reference for government policy formulation. However, it also prompts further considerations on achieving synergy and interaction between the digital economy and public health services.

Economic development and Empowerment of women: A Comparative Analysis of before and after Joining Self Help Group Linked with Bank

Women are an important element of every economy. Speed of country’s progress depends on the speed of the development of woman in that country. Economic development along with women empowerment is important indicators of women’s economic and social freedom-BLP is one of the various approaches that have resulted economic development of women along with empowerment. The objective of this paper is to empirically test the effect of joining SHG linked with bank on economic development and empowerment of women. Data of 347 members is collected using a questionnaire form Yamuna Nagar, Haryana. A Convenient sampling technique is adopted for the study. After data cleaning, 326 questionnaires were found useful. The data obtained was analyzed using paired t-test through SPSS 16. Results suggested positive impact of joining SHG on income, expenditure, saving and credit related indicators of economic development and social, family, political, psychological and educational indicators of women empowerment. It is suggested to encourage women to join SHG for overall development of women, family and nation. NGO’s and government should make efforts to popularize the concept of SHG.

Research on the Impact of Rural Logistics on Regional Economy under the Background of Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Anhui Province.

In the report of the 19th National Congress, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are fundamental to national welfare and people's livelihood, and solving these "three rural issues" must always be the top priority in the Party's work. Implementing the strategy for rural revitalization is an important foundation for building a modern economic system, and promoting the development of rural logistics to drive regional economic growth is one of the important ways to achieve the strategy of rural revitalization. Against the backdrop of rural revitalization, this paper assesses the current state of rural logistics and regional economic development in Anhui Province, analyzing the present situation of rural logistics and regional economy in Anhui Province. Firstly, taking Anhui Province as the case study area, this research constructs an index evaluation system and establishes a comprehensive evaluation model by surveying recent data on rural logistics and economic development from 16 cities within the province. Then, based on statistical data, the comprehensive evaluation index, correlation, and synergy of both are calculated, and an analysis is made accordingly. This paper examines the coupling relationship between the development of rural logistics and regional economic development in Anhui Province from both temporal and spatial dimensions, arriving at the following conclusions: From the temporal dimension, it is evident that since 2010, both the development index of rural logistics and regional economic development index in Anhui Province have been rising continuously, showing a good development trend. The development indexes of Anhui Province's rural logistics and regional economy have shown the same upward trend, indicating a coupling in their development. From the spatial dimension, the development of rural logistics is linked to the level of economic prosperity, and the regional economy has a spatial expansion effect on promoting rural logistics, which in turn facilitates urban economic development and is also influenced by the population base. By summarizing the conclusions on the relationship between rural logistics and regional economic development, this paper provides valuable suggestions for effectively promoting rural economic development, increasing farmers' income, and achieving the strategy of rural revitalization sooner.

A digital economy development index based on an improved hierarchical data envelopment analysis approach

The digital economy is playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. National and international organizations commonly utilize a composite index composed of multi-dimensional indicators to monitor performance, analyse policies, and communicate in the digital economy. This study introduces a hierarchical framework for constructing a Digital Economy Development Index (DEDI). One of the key challenges is determining the attribute weights to be assigned by aggregating the sub-indicators with hierarchical dimensions for DEDI. The current study shows that an H-DEA model can be transformed into a parametric linear programming problem and develops an improved golden section algorithm to search for approximate optimal solutions. The newly developed method is highly robust and provides an alternative procedure to determine the optimal weights for building a DEDI. We established a hierarchical evaluation framework and utilized a new approach to measure the DEDI of 30 provinces in China from 2015 to 2020. The results show that inter-provincial digital economy development in China shows a sequential weakening from the east, centre, and northeast to the west. The East leads the country's digital economy overall, while there is a clear gradient gap between provinces. The central region needs to create a cluster for the development of digital industries. The Northeast should enhance the competitiveness of the industry across the board. The West must strengthen the construction of innovative talent and new infrastructure for the digital economy. These findings can serve as guidelines for designing China's ongoing digital economy development.

ANALYSIS OF COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY BETWEEN INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

In modern conditions, when European countries have set themselves an extremely ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, it is important to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships between key indicators of energy efficiency of national economies and economic growth, the nature of their influence on each other. The article analyzes cointegration and causal relationships between panel data that determine the economic development and energy efficiency of 38 European countries for the period from 1995 to 2021. Stationary time series were analyzed for causality using the Dumitrescu Hurlin test, which, compared to the classical Granger test, more accurately takes into account the structure of panel data, namely cross-sectional relationships. The annual GDP growth rate has driven the intensity of CO2 emissions. For pairs of time series with the first level of integration, in the case of cointegration between them, a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to determine the type of long-term behaviour of the variables with their short-term feedback. Long-term causality was found from GDP per capita to the level of primary energy intensity of European countries. Exports of goods and services have proven to be a long-term cause of domestic consumption of natural gas and solid fossil fuels. Bidirectional long-term causality was found only between primary energy consumption and exports. It should be noted that in all short-term and long-term cause-and-effect relationships obtained in the article, economic development indicators are the cause for energy efficiency indicators. This signals that the level of energy efficiency of the European economy is determined to a large extent by the economic development of Europe in previous periods. ARDL models can be used to analyze causal relationships between time series that have different levels of integration.

SUBSTANTIATING THE INFLUENCE OF THE RESULTS OF A COMPETENT ORGANIZATION’S FUNCTIONING ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

European integration processes have changed the requirements for organizations, shifting attention from external factors to internal properties. Unique knowledge and experience, combined with resources and technologies, shape the organization's competence, determining its ability to operate effectively. The increasing number of organizations capable of achieving high-performance indicators, i.e. competent in conditions of market activities coloured by military actions, is considered a factor in the development of the national economy. This work aims to justify the predominant impact of the results of Ukrainian organizations' activities, as an indicator of competence, on GDP volumes as a comprehensive indicator of economic efficiency and state development. Methods such as information systematization, grouping and comparative analysis, correlation regression, content and logical analysis, scientific induction, and deduction have been used.An obvious imbalance of the regional structure of the economy with the concentration of organizations in six leading regions (49,85%) was revealed, which does not always indicate their greatest impact on GDP volumes. This confirmed the inexpediency of considering the indicator of the number of organizations as a determining factor of influence on the national economy. The assumption of greater significance in ensuring the stable functioning of the economy based on the results of organizational activities has led to the analysis of the volumes of products produced and sold, their ratios, and projections of trends on GDP volumes. The higher performance of representatives of large and medium-sized businesses is explained by the presence of a wider list of competencies, therefore, higher competitiveness of organizations and the probability of resistance to external changes. Identity, but the unequal trends in production volumes and GDP outline prospects for further analysis of financial performance indicators in the context of their impact on the competence level of organizations, which most fully characterizes their ability to conduct successful activities, ensuring sustainable economic development.

Economic principles of small and medium-sized enterprise development in Ukraine in times of war

The article examines the definition of the concepts of "small and medium-sized enterprises," the essence, significance, reasons for the economic downturn, and the insignificant improvement in the indicators of economic development of these entities in the country. Attention is drawn to the fact that these economic entities are important components of the country's economic potential in market relations. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of business development in the conditions of a pandemic and wartime in Ukraine. The method of distinguishing small and medium-sized enterprises among micro and large enterprises in the economic system of Ukraine is investigated. A comparative analysis of the indicators of economic activity of active small and medium-sized enterprises in recent years is conducted. Some perennial problems of the economic development of SMEs are outlined, and new main challenges and problems of SME development associated with Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine are identified. Some positive shifts in the economic activities of small and medium-sized enterprises during the war in Ukraine and prospects for the post-war period are revealed. The authors formulate proposals for stabilizing and gradually increasing the potential of enterprises and the development of SMEs in the economy of the country, which is at war with the russian aggressor on the territory of Ukraine.

Competitiveness of Gross Regional Domestic Product and Its Effect on Economic Development in Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province

The research aims to analyze the sub-sectors which are the basis of the economy and the competitiveness of the Gross Regional Domestic Product of the City of Palopo and to analyze the Effects of Economic Growth on the Economic Development Index of the City of Palopo, Province of Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The data needed in this study are secondary in the form of a time series from 2011 to 2021. This research uses the documentation method from the Central Bureau of Statistics and other related agencies to collect data and information. The techniques used are Location Quotient analysis, Klassen typology, Shift Share, and regression. The findings of this study are that Palopo City has an economic base of electricity, gas, and clean water, Water Procurement, Waste Management, and Recycling, Construction, Trade, Hotels, and Restaurants, Transportation and Warehousing, Financial and Insurance Services Real Estate, Government Administration, Defense, and Compulsory Social Security, Health Services and Social Activities, Other Services. Even though the competitive sub-sectors in Palopo City are the processing industry, gas, electricity and clean water, commerce, hotels, restaurants, transportation, and warehousing, this research also concludes that economic growth in Palopo City does not influence Human Development Index.

Spatial effect of carbon neutrality target on high-quality economic development-Channel analysis based on total factor productivity.

This study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2020 to investigate the impact of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development by constructing an economic high-quality development index and a carbon-neutral development index. Firstly, the study examines the effects of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development using baseline regression and spatial Durbin regression. The results indicate that carbon-neutral development has a positive direct effect on economic high-quality growth, but there are negative spatial spillover effects. Secondly, this study employs total factor productivity (TFP) as an intermediate variable in the mediation model regression. The findings demonstrate that carbon-neutral development significantly improves TFP, and the significant improvement in TFP promotes high-quality economic growth. Lastly, the study conducts regional heterogeneity analysis and finds a significant promoting effect of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development in the eastern and central regions of China, while it is not significant in the western region. Therefore, it is recommended that China, in the process of achieving carbon-neutral growth, consider the geographical connections between different regions to prevent negative spillover effects. Additionally, regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when formulating relevant policies to promote economic high-quality development.

Analysis of Regional Competitiveness of China’s Cross-Border E-Commerce

Cross-border e-commerce is a pivotal component of the digital economy, serving as a crucial gauge for regional competitiveness in digital transformation and international trade. This study employs the Groundings-Enterprises-Markets (GEM) model, factor analysis, and the entropy weight method to evaluate the regional competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce in China. Analyzing data from 2018 to 2021 across 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, the research assesses competitiveness through basic, enterprise, and market factors. Findings reveal annual improvement in China’s overall cross-border e-commerce competitiveness, yet notable regional disparities persist, with the east outpacing the west. Guangdong Province emerges as a key player and leader when the regions are classified into three tiers. Key factors influencing competitiveness include the digital economy development index, the number of cross-border e-commerce pilot zones, R&D expenditures, cross-border enterprise competitiveness, and core enterprise scale. The study concludes with policy recommendations, emphasizing digital reform, logistics efficiency enhancement, and the promotion of digital technologies.

Determinants of Inclusive Economic Development: A Fixed Effect Model Approach

The implementation of development in Indonesia faces challenges and obstacles along with the dynamics of community life and changes in the global constellation. The economic development model that has been applied only encourages economic growth, resulting in social exclusion in the form of poverty, unemployment and social inequality. This study aims to estimate the factors that influence inclusive economic development in Indonesia. The data used comes from 34 provinces in the period 2015-2022. This research contributes to economic development in the form of inclusive economic development, the use of IEDI as a value that shows the level of inclusiveness of Indonesia's development, and contributes to the determinants of IEDI. The model used is FEM with the results showing that the variable open unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect. The rate of GRDP, and HDI has a positive and significant effect on inclusive economic development. The number of poor people insignificant effect. This is based on the trickle-down effect theory which explains that the progress obtained by a group of people automatically trickles down so that it will create jobs. In the end, it will foster an equitable distribution of the results of economic growth. Since economic growth is an indicator of economic development, such changes will affect the number of poor people in the long run.

Research on the Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the Economies and Development of Participating Countries

Economic and Development Impact Study of the 'Belt and Road' Initiative: Through the comprehensive application of economic data analysis, regional development index comparison, and international trade dynamics mapping, this paper delves into the extensive impact of the 'Belt and Road' initiative on the economic structure, development models, and regional cooperation of participating countries. Particularly, the study employs tools such as investment distribution maps, national economic growth curves, and trade flow scatter plots to quantitatively assess how the initiative promotes economic growth, trade cooperation, and infrastructure construction in the countries along the route. Moreover, by comparing and analyzing the economic development indicators and international trade patterns of different countries before and after participating in the initiative, this research reveals the key role of the 'Belt and Road' initiative in promoting globalization, strengthening regional connectivity, and influencing international economic cooperation. The research results not only provide policymakers with a basis for formulating more precise and efficient regional cooperation strategies, but also offer an important perspective for understanding the position and role of the 'Belt and Road' initiative in the global economic landscape.

Redefining Economic Growth: the Review of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 Progress

The current definition of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is based on industrial sectors and technological advancement correlated with Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, and Industry 3.0. Considering that the economics sectors have shifted towards Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 there is a necessity to redefine a key economic development indicator to match the current imperative of the economy. The research question is: How can the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) definition be improved to address the current imperative of economy to be consistent with the technological advancement of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0? The summary, evaluation, and analysis of the existing literature in the emerging field of advanced manufacturing was used to address this research question. The updated definition of GDP was developed because of this review: the Sustainable GDP is the standard measure of the value added created through the production of goods and services determining the proportional value of goods and services produced employing renewables, the proportional value of goods and services produced applying digitisation, and the proportional value of goods and services produced using inputs into production from recycling and remanufacturing in a country during a certain period.

An Evaluation and Difference Analysis of the High-Quality Development of China’s Marine Economy

The marine economy is a vital component of boosting the high-quality development of the Chinese economy. According to the concept of high-quality development, we construct the evaluation indicator system to measure the level of high-quality development of the marine economy by means of the combined empowerment method. We explore the coupling coordination relationship and evolution trend with the coupling coordination degree model, and finally, we analyze the regional differences using the Dagum Gini coefficient. The results show that, (1) from the perspective of time, China’s marine economic high-quality development index has been steadily improving, but there is still great potential for progress. From the perspective of spatial characteristics, the eastern marine economic circle has the best level of high-quality economic development. (2) From 2012 to 2022, the coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of the marine economy experienced five stages, from the verge of disorder to finally stepping into the good coupling coordination stage. (3) The overall difference in the marine economy is gradually narrowing. Among the three major marine economic circles, the southern marine economic circle has the largest internal discrepancy, which has become an important factor affecting the high-quality development of the marine economy. The above research results helped relevant decision-making departments to deeply understand the status quo and outstanding contradictions of the high-quality development of the marine economy in China.

A multifunctional synergy development evaluation model of the impact of the cascade reservoir construction sequence on basins

Considering the mass reservoirs construction, it is important to study the cascade reservoir construction sequence, which directly affects the water and sediment resource allocation, ecological environment restoration, and socioeconomic development of the basin. Thus, we constructed an evaluation index system by comprehensively considering the basin water and sediment discharge index, basin ecological and environmental maintenance index, and basin social and economic development index. The evaluation model was established to assess the impact of the cascade reservoir construction sequence on basin multifunctional synergy development index. The model was applied to evaluate the cascade reservoir construction sequence in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin of China. The results revealed that: (1) The basin water and sediment discharge index, basin social and economic development index, and basin multifunctional synergy development index benefits gradually increased, the basin ecological and environmental maintenance index benefits progressively decreased in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin. (2) The basin water and sediment discharge index, and basin ecological and environmental maintenance index of the planned cascade reservoir construction sequence ranked top in the Yellow River Basin; the basin water and sediment discharge index, and basin social and economic development index of the planned cascade reservoir construction sequence ranked top in the Yangtze River Basin. (3) The cascade reservoir construction sequence focused more on basin social and economic development index benefits when the level of national economic development was low, and more on basin water and sediment discharge index benefits when it was high. (4) Reservoir capacity and installed capacity were the main factors influencing the cascade reservoir construction sequence in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin, respectively. These findings provide useful information regarding the cascade reservoir construction sequence.

Quantifying the Impact of Digital Transformation on Economic Growth: A Longitudinal Analysis

This study examined how digital transformation and economic development interact in a longitudinal analysis that went from 2016 to 2020. A persistent commitment to digitalization was shown by the statistics, which showed a constant growth in digital transformation measures including investment, adoption rates, talent development, and preparedness. Indicators of economic development, including GDP growth, employment, productivity, and corporate investments, all showed positive trends at the same time. The percentages of the calculated digital transformation impact indicated an increasing effect over time. An examination conducted over a period of five years highlighted the overall effect of digital transformation and emphasized its ongoing contribution to economic development. Policymakers, companies, and academics should take note of this research's important implications, which underscore the pivotal role that digital transformation plays in determining economic advancement in the digital era.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF ENTERPRISE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to systematization of the methodological tools for assessing the economic component of enterprise sustainable development. The main attention in the study is paid to the methods of evaluation and indicators proposed on the basis of an analysis of the essential characteristics of enterprise development, in particular such as sustainable development. In the article, as a result, several approaches to its interpretation are defined and it is concluded that this is a category that allows to comprehensively characterize changes in the state, the specifics and components of activity, as well as the effectiveness of the activities of economic entities under the influence of time and factors of the internal and external environment. Based on the fact that sustainable development of the enterprise is a complex and multidimensional process that requires the use of an integrated approach and multidimensional vision of the components, the results of the analysis revealed a comprehensive, selective and fragmentary methodological approaches, according to which it is advisable to assess the economic component of sustainable development of the enterprise by such three groups of indicators as indicators that reflect the dynamics of changes in the results of the enterprise's activity with planned or previous periods data; specialized indicators - various coefficients; indicators of qualitative assessment of efficiency, in particular, the results of expert audits. A set of indicators for quantitative and economic evaluation of development efficiency, consisting of three sets, has been proposed. The first includes a list of quantitative indicators of development, economic indicators of development and financial stability, the dynamics of which is informative for drawing conclusions. Two other sets of indicators are designed to assess the effectiveness of management measures for the implementation of environmental conservation projects for the use of "green" resources, as well as the involvement of technologies that use recycling.

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ КРЕДИТНИМ МУЛЬТИПЛІКАТОРОМ

The author asserts that the credit multiplier of the country’s banking system regulates the growth of the economy and characterizes the level of its development and prove that the limiter and indicator of economic development is the share of value added by production in the aggregate product, which determines the existing technological mode. It is proved that the ratio of nominal GDP to the monetary base of the Central Bank is identical to the product of the credit multiplier and the speed of money circulation that is constant for each technological mode. We consider the industrialized economies, developed economies, and highly developed economies. The marginal zero inflation multiplier is determined, at which real GDP growth stops and a transition to a deflationary crisis occurs. It is established that the Central Bank’s increase in the interest rate to reduce inflation leads to a sharp decrease in the multiplier and lending to production, while credit regulation allows us to reduce inflation by targeting, without changing the interest rate and without reducing lending. A model for regulating the economy with a credit multiplier has been developed using an engineering calculator and Ukraine’s economic recovery in 2024–2025 has been simulated. Keywords: economy, credit regulation, market, balance, labor, capital, money, credit multiplier, interest rate, currency, financial papers, crisis, inflation.

Socioeconomic Development in Bangladesh: Issues and Challenges

Although Bangladesh was termed as the ‘test case’ or ‘international basket case’ due to its miserably low levels of socioeconomic development indicators during the post-independence period after 1971, at its golden jubilee in 2021, Bangladesh has proved such doubts mostly incorrect due to its major successes in economic indicators such as per capita income, remittance, export earnings, foreign exchange reserve, agricultural production, and inflation control since the 1990s. The resultant outcome of economic development has been reflected in social development indicators of the health and education domains such as fertility, mortality (i.e., neonatal, infant, child and maternal mortality), life expectancy at birth, gender parity index, youth literacy, female to male ratio at primary, secondary and tertiary education and student-teacher ratio among others. Despite such achievements in socio-economic development indicators, the article draws attention to the fact that the reduction in inequality in social and economic dimensions measured in terms of health, education, women empowerment, ownership of land, income, and societal opportunities carry onto pose daunting obstacles for Bangladesh—notably the high level of rich-poor and urban–rural disparities. Therefore, the Bangladesh government would require an inclusive action plan and effective implementation of those plans to sustain per capita GDP growth, empower marginalized segments of the population, ensure equity and equality and reduce inequalities in social and economic development indicators. Keywords: Social Development, Economic Development, Socioeconomic Development, Health Development, Education Development, Bangladesh

Research on Digital Inclusive Finance, Innovative Factor Allocation and High Quality Economic Development Based on Artificial Intelligence

Abstract This paper firstly organizes and summarizes the random forest model algorithm in artificial intelligence and secondly uses the XGBoost algorithm with the classification regression tree as the base classifier to explore the relationship between digital financial inclusion, innovative factor allocation and high-quality economic development. Major databases and relevant websites are used to establish the evaluation index system, and the index homogenization is done. The economic high-quality development score is measured using the principal component analysis next. Finally, the principal component scores are weighted and summed according to the proportion of the variance contribution ratio of each principal component to the cumulative variance contribution ratio of the extracted principal components. After calculating the score, it was found that the innovation indicator, which had risen year after year between 2014 and 2018, decreased significantly from 2019 onwards, with the score falling from 2.21 to 1.48, a decrease of 33%. The growth rate of digital financial inclusion declined from 0.93 and finally maintained at 0.45 to 0.47. The economic development index first grew from -11.88 to 2.41, increasing by 3 to 5 each year, and then the growth rate was maintained at about 66%, growing to 6.58 in 2022.