Economic Deregulation Research Articles

Book Review: The crime of maldevelopment: Economic deregulation and violence in the global south

Book Review: The crime of maldevelopment: Economic deregulation and violence in the global south

Waterfront regeneration in Australia: Local responses to global trends in reimagining disused city docklands

AbstractThis article applies ideas about critical urban assemblages to understand the planning processes, politics, and delivery of waterfront regeneration from an Australian perspective, drawing on the Port Adelaide waterfront in South Australia as a case study. Waterfront regeneration is associated with global economic deregulation, market‐led development, changes to planning regulatory requirements, and “streamlined” governance arrangements. The global spread of waterfront regeneration is an outcome of such processes, with individual waterfronts being “remade” and reimagined to reflect priorities emphasised by those forging urban policies linked to inter‐urban competitiveness and neoliberal urbanism. Waterfront developments may be categorised as “models” of success or failure that limit deeper analysis that can advance theory and practice. How such projects reflect interactions across local and global scales rather than just being expressions of global forces is a question often ignored; so, too, are those considering how policy and politics mediate those relationships. Ideas, strategies, capital, people, policy, and politics are dynamic, provisional, and contested, and are produced and assembled in particular ways to suit specific spatiotemporal contexts. On that understanding, the aim of this article is to highlight how the Port Adelaide waterfront is undergoing assembly and reassembly to reflect socioeconomic priorities and metropolitan planning agendas.

PENGARUH VERABEL MODERATING PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA INTENSITAS PERSAINGAN PASAR DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN

The main objective of this study is to examine increasing in the market competition about the application of manufacturing technology, deregulation of economies and privatization of government owned enterprises makes decision makers to be management accounting system (SAM) information more important. This research reports the results of a study which offers an explaination for the relationship between intensity of market competition and business unit performance by incorporating into the model the use of managent accounting systems information by managers as moderating variable. To asses the relationship, data were colleced from 87 enterprises in service. The result of this research indicate that the intensity of market competition is a determinant of the use of the information MAS which, in turn, is a determinant plays a mediating role in the relationship between the intensity of market competition and business unit performance. An interpretation of the result is that those organizatations which use the information can effectively face competition in the market and thereby improve performance.

Democracy and Socio-Economic Crises in Africa: The Nigerian Experience

The democratic transition process, which almost all African States have inevitably swung into since the early 1980s, has made their vulnerability to social and economic crises more intense. The problems that are concomitants of these transitions, which have exacerbated the extant socio-economic problems, have been dramatized by the increased level of poverty, widening income gap, sustained low (negative in many cases) growth rate, etc. in the African states. Democracy in Africa has thus deepened the contradictions in the economy and between the weak and the powerful in both absolute and relative terms. This paper is directed at unraveling these conflicting realities, particularly the implications of the patterns for overall socio-economic development. A study of Nigeria’s experiences at `democratising' permits a clearer appreciation of the nature and trends of democracy in Africa. This is done within the context of the political economy frame work. This paper argues that, democratization in Africa is one which focuses mainly on economic deregulation and liberalization while at the same time denying the need for political decentralization that can give the weak and poor access to the gains of development, and that, the prebendial nature of politics in Africa makes it an exclusive business for the rich thus narrowing the possibility for empowerment of the poor people at the long run. It is our conclusion therefore, that the above contradictions can only be resolved if the right political context for economic democratization is created, because, in Africa, politics, more then anything else constraints economic development. Keywords: Democracy, Democratization, Socio-Economic Crises, Development and Political Economy DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-8-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2021

Power System Restoration Using Multilayer Perceptron

In recent years, power systems are being operated nearer to their limits due to economic competition and deregulation. Also, nowadays the challenge is to include large and ever increasing amounts of decentralized generated power into the existing transmission network and at the same time comply with the electricity market transmission demands. Both factors increase the risk of blackout. After which, power needs to be restored as quickly and reliably as possible and, accordingly, detailed power system restoration plans are required. The multilayer perceptron network is chosen for a more precise examination.

Considering LTSS Through the Lenses of Social Construction of Target Populations: Theory and Neoliberalism

The global increase of the older population has led to a greater demand for long term support services (LTSS) that address their rights and needs for care. However, policies among countries remain diverse with varying options, services, and recognition of human rights. This study applies the Social Construction of Target Population (SCTP) theory which relates to the perception of older adults and Neoliberalism, a political theory associated with policies of economic privatization, deregulation, and free market activity to the analysis of LTSS systems. As an example, in the United States, the concept of Successful Aging, conflicts with the need for LTSS while present Neoliberal policies that stress minimal government intervention and regulation contribute to little support for any comprehensive LTSS policy. This paper reviews existing policies in 7 countries, representing diverse regions, cultures, and political systems as a means of understanding the relationship of SCTP and Neoliberalism to LTSS. Highlighting the roles that these theories may play can assist in understanding and developing systems that meet the rights and health care needs of older adults.

Community Initiatives and Local Networks among K’ho Cil Smallholder Coffee Farmers in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: A Case Study

Over the last two decades, coffee growers in Vietnam have faced the same problems as farmers all over the world. Ethnographic research among the community of K’ho Cil coffee growers in Lam Dong Province from 2016 to 2018 documented local initiatives to deal with the problems through the establishment of a K’ho Coffee network, revitalization of traditional production patterns, local integration into the global coffee commodity chain and agritourism entrepreneurship. Conceptualizing the way local K’ho Coffee growers generated and implemented the initiatives, this paper argues that by utilizing their social network, local farmers revitalized their economic production. Negotiating a decent collective position in the world system of the coffee commodity chain offers them a chance to survive the influx of economic deregulation and avert the impacts of climate change.

Economic Freedom in the Balkan Transition Countries from a Valuable Human Ends Perspective

ABSTRACT The paper argues that exercising unlimited economic freedom, as promoted by neoliberal advocates, is in negative correlation with valuable human ends, such as greater wellbeing, healthy environment, and poverty elimination. The absence of barriers for business operations often threatens the right to safe food and drinking water, and other human rights. This is particularly true in small economies, such as in the Balkan transition countries. The market in these countries is ‘free’ and ‘open’ for big players predominantly, creating economic non-opportunities and non-freedom for the majority. This paper calls for a change to the neoliberal concept of economic freedom and deregulation. The research methods include a case study and the interpretative comparative analysis of the trends in the relevant fields.

Embodying Change at Work: An Autoethnography in the Indian Public Sector

Beyond the macro picture of change in the Indian public sector triggered by economic deregulation and restructuration, the variegated experiences of employees exposed to organizational changes remain hidden and masked. Through a reflexive inquiry about my experience of participating in a managerial implementation of a performance management system in an Indian public sector organization, I write this autoethnography to bring forward a personal narrative of embodying change at work. I do this by revealing how my cultural, social, and political experiences during that episode of change were manifestations of being and constituting organizationally intended as well as non-intended changes. The writing process involved in bringing out the personal narrative unravels the contours of my relationship with organizational actors such as the employees, the union, and the management, to eventually understand their impact on my experience of change. The narrative analysis of the ethnographic memoir has helped me consider my insider knowledge, realization, and reflection as opportunities to retell the macro (view of change) in terms of the interconnected individual subjectivities. Thus the autoethnographic effort is directed to tease out the associated meanings of embodying change at work by thinking with the narrative, rather than using the narrative to think. The broader goal of this inquiry is to draw ethnographic implications for working lives exposed to organizational changes.

“Good” and “Bad” Actors in Digital Space: The Un/Making of a Digital Citizen

AbstractThere has been a firestorm of moral outrage regarding the collection and misuse of personal information by data-informed digital companies. In framing their actions we often make a distinction between “good” and “bad” actors. I investigate the hidden presupposition that informs this dichotomy, by using the figure of the citizen to reveal an underlying structural transformation in the fog of our times. I ask, what can we reverse engineer from this historical phenomenon to derive a meaning of the political project defining the making of “digital space,” which shares meaning with the supposed inherent characteristics of the age, and its relationship to the production, validation, and dissemination of information? I’ll present a case for how an atomization of affinity and failure maps and draws energy from a broader historical agenda of social, political, and economic deregulation. On this basis I ask, what are the implications for understanding the figure of the digital citizen?

Capitalism and Christian theology

AbstractChristian theologians who study capitalism with a critical lens have argued that capitalist economics is not just a matter of finance or politics but tends to shape people all the way to the core, including religious beliefs and practices. Different theological approaches not only differ in how they conceive of the relation of religion and capitalism, they also differ in their evaluations of capitalism itself. While some Christian theologians endorse capitalism, others offer critical reflections and propose alternative economic systems, rooted in Christian traditions and practices as well as in broad historical and cultural shifts. Challenges include questions about the neoliberal turn in economics, the role of corporations, economic deregulation, competition and community, the reality of scarcity, the development of financial capitalism, as well as the relation of religion and labor, and the location of agency.

Algorithmic Capitalism and the Digital Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa

Digitalization generates new opportunities for employment and earnings, but also entails a plethora of uncertainties and challenges. This article highlights the implications of algorithmic capitalism and how it relates to the digital divide in sub-Saharan Africa by discussing specific examples (Ghana and Kenya), considering the existing structure of social inequality. Both case studies refute the World Bank’s argument that economic liberalization and deregulation are sufficient approaches to improve material access to Internet services in the Global South. The article concludes that the digital divide is an extension of the global phenomenon of inequality. Although algorithmic capitalism has increased the number of Internet users in the region, it has failed to bridge the digital divide, particularly the urban–rural division. This article also suggests that privately owned mobile phone service providers can contribute to Internet usage and to bridging the digital divide in sub-Saharan Africa.

Analysis of Inefficiency in Management Systems (Case Study: Rayani Air)

Air transportation have become one of the fastest growing industries because of the economic deregulation. This situation makes airlines company started to think out of the box to create an exciting business strategy in order compete in the market. The aim of this study is to investigate the inefficiency of Rayani Air’s management system. Rayani airline is an airlines services that operated in Malaysia. It is the fourth airline in the world that has made it mandatory that each of the Muslim cabin crew be sharia compliant. Unfortunately, there are negative comments about their inefficiency of the systems by customers. Through observation and analysis of existing branding design, this study attempts to develop a new strategy for improving Rayani Air’s management system. In this case, improvement in this system is necessary for restoring consumers’ trust and convincing stakeholders to invest in the company. We conclude that rebranding for failure organization is a crucial task and should be given the highest priority.

HUMAN DIGNITY OF WORKERS AND COMPETITION

The capitalist economic system treats the worker as a commodity, an object, in contradiction to the idea of human dignity. However, there are mitigations to this trend: the qualification of the worker, the protection of labor laws, the role of collective bargaining, the unwritten rules of coexistence among enterprises, their workers and society itself. Nevertheless, the inherent market forces such as globalization, neoliberalism and generalized social and economic deregulation flaunt more strength. The counterpoint to this weakening process of Unions, collective bargaining and strikes involves the search for new and efficient practices by the Union movement, among which stand out the actions in virtual network (network), the mechanisms of sensitization and mobilization of public opinion and diversification of the legal action of the Unions.

Support for Market Economy Principles in European Post-communist Countries during 1999-2008

Since the fall of the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, a neoliberal discourse has dominated the thinking of the political elite in the post-communist countries, paving the way for unprecedented mass privatisation, economic deregulation, and other market reforms. In this article, we study the development of public support for market economy principles in post-communist countries compared to other European countries during the 1999-2008 period, which is the period that directly followed the initial stage of market transformation. We use data from the European Value Survey covering 22 European countries for the years 1999/2000 and 2008/2009. In addition to analysing the trends, we apply multilevel regression models to study the determinants and levels of support for the market economy in post-communist and other European countries. We find that, when controlling for individual and country-level variables, a significant increase in support for market economy principles has taken place in the post-communist cluster, which is not the case in the other countries. There is some inconsistency in support for the individual principles of market economics: support exists in post-communist countries for the notion that the state should be responsible for the social and economic well-being of its inhabitants and for state regulation of the economy, while support is high for some market economy principles, such as free competition and private ownership. In other words, support for some kind of social market seems to prevail among those living in post-communist countries, based on the notion that the state should combine a market economy with relatively generous social policies.

KARAKTERISTIK PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI MEDIUM TERM NOTES

Capital Market is a part of financial market, besides money market which has essential role for national development, and specifically become funding alternative for small-medium business. Securities in Indonesia have been developing since 1980 after economic deregulation in financial field. This regulation brings some changes in Indonesia’s financial market development, in terms of securities as a result of financial market development. Capital market instrument can be divided into bonds and stocks/equities. In this research, the writer focuses the research on capital market instruments in the form of Medium Term Notes (MTN). Unlike bonds, there are no regulations that have been regulated until now about Medium Term Notes. So that in this research, the focus is to discuss legal issues, namely the legal relationship of the parties in the Medium Term Notes sale and purchase agreement and the form of legal protection for investors holding Medium Term Notes. This research uses normative research method because this research tries to review legal norms, examining all constitutions and regulations which related to views and doctrines in laws. And the writer's main objective in this research is was to analyze the legal construction of the Medium Term Notes sale and purchase agreement and analyze the form of legal protection against buyers of Medium Term Notes. From this research, it is expected to contribute ideas in the field of law, especially in capital market legal disciplines and used to prevent and resolve legal problems that will arise in connection with the Medium Term Notes. Hopefully this journal can bring benefits, adding broader insight to readers

Response on New Credit Program In Indonesia: An Asymmetric Information Perspective

The Indonesian government launched a new people's business credit program as part of a package of economic policy and deregulation. The interest rate is set lower than the average of the current loan interest rates, especially when compared with rural bank interest rates. To capture the social spatial aspects, quota sampling is applied to ten areas that divided based on the social culture. Further, the method utilized in this research is logit models, which designed to analyse the determinants of asymmetric information particularly on the rural bank and small micro enterprises. The study was conducted in East Java as the province with the largest number of rural banks in Indonesia. Based on the estimation of asymmetric information model to the respondent of rural banks and small businesses, the result shows that adverse selection can be avoided by strengthening the information about prospective borrowers. Regarding moral hazard, rural banks and small businessmen argued that the imposition of the collateral to the debtor has an important role to avoid moral hazard. Rural bank respondents stated that the KUR program with low-interest rates has affected their business development. The results implied the need of broadening the collaboration schemes between this people's business credit program and rural banks.

The curious compatibility of consensus, corporatism, and neoliberalism: The Finnish business community and the retasking of a corporatist welfare state

This article addresses the apparent paradox of simultaneous neoliberal change and welfare-statist, corporatist continuity by presenting an empirical case study of the advent of neoliberal ideas in Finland in the 1970s and 1980s. The article focuses on the attempts of a free-market think tank, EVA, and the employers’ association, STK, to advance policies such as economic deregulation, international competitiveness, welfare retrenchment, and active social and labour market policies through the neoliberal retasking of the corporatist Finnish welfare state. EVA and the STK utilised seemingly non-neoliberal means, that is an economic policy consensus and tripartite corporatist arrangements, and reformulated their content to better correspond with business interests. Instead of demolition, the outcome has been the redefinition and incremental transformation of the state from a provider of welfare to a promoter of competitiveness, productivity, and employment.

Effect of Food Expenditure on Farming Households’ Welfare in Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract Food and nutrition security remain Africa’s most fundamental challenge for human welfare and economic growth. In this study, recent survey data from Osun State, Nigeria, was used to examine the effect of food expenditure on farming households’ welfare in Nigeria. Logistic and OLS regression models were the analytical tools used. Food Insecurity Gap (FIG) and Squared Food Insecurity Gap (SFIG) were used to capture the severity of food insecurity among the households. The results showed that, all households sampled consume rice, beans, vegetable, fish and oil as basic food items, while only 32% of them consume potatoes. The regression results showed that the household size, per capita income, dependency ratio and age were the highly significant factors influencing food expenditure. However, the coping strategy that was mostly adopted by the farmers in the study area was to cut down on the numbers of food items consumed. Therefore, it was recommended that farm mechanization should be encouraged for optimal land use and productivity. In all, promoting agricultural policies with appropriate price incentives that focus on intensification, diversification and resource-stabilizing innovations will create more wealth for all categories of farming households and this in turn will ensure food security, especially in an era of economic deregulation.

Comment on Reuel Schiller: The Curious Origins of Airline Deregulation: Economic Deregulation and the American Left

Air travel is unpleasant for many reasons, particularly in the post-9/11 age. Yet, blame for the cramped accommodations, bag fees, and lack of direct flights has to be assigned in part to the deregulation of the airline industry in the late 1970s. Airline deregulation and its consequences symbolize the ways in which neoliberal ideas and practices have come to shape economic policies as well as the daily lives of ordinary Americans.