Economic Condition Research Articles

ЛИЗИНГ КАК ФИНАНСОВЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАЗАХСТАНА

The article considers the ways of regulating the management of leasing relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Three levels of management of leasing relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan are shown. Special attention is paid to the problems of financing investments in fixed assets of industrial enterprises, analysis of the leasing services market, as well as factors affecting its development. The role of financial leasing is shown, which is a promising area of financing the activities of Kazakhstani enterprises related to the dynamics of the general economic situation: the availability and price of capital in monetary form, the financial and economic condition of the subjects of the real economy.

The Analysis of Economic Condition of Street Vendors in Jayapura City Post Covid-19 Pandemic

The analysis of differences in the income of street vendors during the pandemic and after the Covid-19 pandemic was analyzed using the paired sample t-test method using the SPSS 27 for Windows program. Data analysis was carried out in two stages, first as a requirement to perform paired sample t-test analysis. The second is to test the research hypothesis, for the analysis requirements in the form of a data normality test, the data normality test uses the OneSample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. All parametric assumption tests were performed at a significance value of 5%. The results of the analysis in this study show that the total production during the Covid-19 pandemic was 2,876 units/day. Meanwhile, the post-pandemic production amounted to 6,068 units/day. Total income during the Covid-19 pandemic was IDR 122,591,634/month. Meanwhile, the total income after the Covid-19 pandemic was IDR 396,852,124/month. After testing using the SPSS-27 program, it shows that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < α = 0.05. Then reject the hypothesis H0 and accept the hypothesis H1. Thus, statistically there is a significant difference in the income of street vendors in Yahim Village, Yabansai District, Jayapura City during the pandemic and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This means that street vendors' income has increased after the Covid-19 pandemic

Fisherman Resilience during The Covd-19 Pandemic Ujung District Parepare Town

This study aims to determine the economic condition of fishermen's households, Ujung Kota Parepare District during the Covid-19 pandemic and to determine the resilience of fishermen in meeting their needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted from July 2021 to August 2021. The sampling method is purposive sampling with a total sample of 29 people. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data is analyzed using revenue analysis, and qualitative data analysis. The economic condition of fishing households in Ujung Kota Parepare District during the Covid-19 pandemic has decreased income and seeks additional income by doing side jobs. The resilience of fishermen in Ujung Kota Parepare District in fulfilling the needs of life is to utilize livelihood assets (natural, human, physical, financial and social), which they have in the fishermen households of Ujung District. This capital is used so that fishermen in Ujung District can be resilient during the Covid-19 pandemic without having to increase their burden and vulnerability.

Mental Health Problems Faced by People in Gulmi District: A Case Study Report

This article aims to determine the major mental health problems and their impact on human health and socio- economic condition of residents in Gulmi District. It explores individual’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences to gain insights into specific psychological phenomena. It also informs about the preventive measures to determine factors associated with it and improve health and quality of life for people affected by these conditions. This proposed research study consists of a description and an in-depth analysis of the ethics of the study.

Determinants of the success of participatory budgets in Poland

Abstract The present paper aims to determine what factors affect the success of participatory budgets in Polish cities and what factors affect the size of these budgets. The study covered all 66 cities with powiat rights from 2016 to 2021. A panel data model was used. The first research hypothesis states that the success of participatory budgeting depends on the economic condition of the cities implementing it. The second one states that the success of participatory budgeting depends on the characteristics of the LGUs’ residents. The first hypothesis was confirmed, while the second was partially confirmed. Analyzing four different models with different explanatory variables, it was found that the statistically significant explanatory variables were population, material situation, demographic structure measures, and residents’ economic situation.

Exploring the economic viability of Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) bark extraction: A comparative study

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive economic evaluation for the transition from lab-scale to large-scale production of jatobá bark extracts containing phenolic compounds. Building upon previous technical research, the present work compares conventional agitation (AG) to modern supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). SuperPro Designer was used to estimate the project’s economic indicators. Moreover, freeze drying and spray drying were evaluated as possible operations for water removal from the extract. The operating costs (OPEX) analysis at the most economical process condition showed the primary influence of raw material cost (CRM), regardless of the technique. Additionally, utilities cost (CUT) had a greater impact on UAE and AG than SFE. A sensitivity analysis revealed that extract selling price and productivity significantly impacted return on investment (ROI), followed by CRM and CUT. In summary, SFE, AG, and UAE were feasible for the recovery of phenolic extracts from jatobá bark, with payback times of 4.2, 2.0, and 3.4 years, respectively. This work shows the economic feasibility and potential scalability of these extraction processes, laying a foundation for future industrial implementation and commercialization of jatobá bark extracts.

Dinamika Belanja Online: Analisis Kondisi Ekonomi Pengguna TikTok Shop

Economic condition is an essential thing that needs to be considered as a reflection of fulfilling needs with a lifestyle that is in accordance with the separation between needs and desires. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic conditions of TikTok Shop users and their relationship to purchasing decisions. In addition, this study aims to determine purchasing patterns and consumer strategies in shopping activities. the method used is a quantitative approach with a questionnaire distributed through social media. The questionnaire contains four categories of questions that aim to determine purchasing patterns, shopping strategies, economic conditions and their relationship with purchasing decisions. This study reveals that the average income of Tiktokshop users belongs to the lower middle class. This condition affects consumer decisions in making purchases. On the other hand, with this income they do not feel burdened by living expenses. In addition, for some people economic conditions do not affect the pattern of their shopping activities.

Elaboration of an Economic and Efficient Pulp Conditioning Method for a Low-Quality Coarse Coal Slime

ABSTRACT The high energy consumption of high-intensity conditioning (HIC) limits the popularization of this technology although it has been validated as an effective way to improve flotation. In this study, an economic and efficient pulp conditioning method for a low-quality coarse coal slime was innovatively proposed by comparing four different conditioning-flotation processes. It is found that the energy consumption per unit combustible recovery of conditioning using emulsified diesel was reduced by 8.3% compared with that of the conventional conditioning. This is attributed to the energy reduction of the optimum conditioning speed decreased from 2100 rpm to 1300 rpm, and a negligible energy consumed in the preparation of emulsified diesel. Results showed that when using an emulsified diesel, flotation performance was further improved and less affected by conditioning speed but more by conditioning time. Moreover, flotation is no longer affected by the degree of surface cleaning. It was indicated that the dispersion of collector is crucial for HIC. This study provides a technical reference for the development of economic and efficient conditioning equipment.

Determinants of perceived inflation in Algeria: an empirical study

This study aims to assess the determinants of inflation perception in Algeria. A survey of 32 items was held online on February 2022 where respondents were questioned about their perception for the last twelve months as well as their characteristics and behaviour. Collected data has been analysed using two Probit models. The results revealed that perceived inflation is affected by socio-demographic characteristics, especially age and education degree while knowledge about inflation rate doesn’t have a direct effect on it. Psychological factors also play an important role as price decrease awareness contribute to lower perceived inflation while individuals who doesn’t usually buy goods tend to report lower perceived inflation too. Atypical results have been found for consumer behaviour effect, as a more intensive search on internet translates in higher inflation perception while the use of cash card contributes to lower it. Finally, economic condition also plays an important role, as individuals with a kind of financial distress are more likely to report higher perceived inflation. Thus, perceived inflation in Algeria highly differs from official statistical rates due to many factors specific to each individual.

Toolkit for Integrated Assessment of Socio-Economic Development Scale of Urban Agglomerations

The formation of urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation is currently one of the most significant forms of spatial development both at the national and regional levels. The need to strengthen agglomeration processes is dictated by the provision of polarised socio-economic development of different territories of the country. Urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation receive legal status at the federal and regional levels. Institutional support for agglomerations is the development of an appropriate legal framework and financial mechanisms aimed at the infrastructural development of territories, improving the quality of human capital, scientific and technological development, etc. At the same time, recently the public authorities at the federal and regional levels have started to pay attention not only to large and largest urban agglomerations defined in the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation, but also to smaller urban agglomerations. A special intensification of institutionalisation of the status of urban agglomerations is observed in the normative legal acts of many constituent entities of the Russian Federation. However, the methodological aspects of formation and development of urban agglomerations in the regions are not elaborated. The analysis of existing theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of agglomeration processes also revealed the lack of methods for analysing the scale of complex socio-economic processes of urban agglomerations. Therefore, the need to form a methodology for assessing the scale of agglomeration development in the regions of the Russian Federation determined the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is to develop an indicator of the scale of socio-economic processes of Russian urban agglomerations. To achieve this aim, the existing methodologies of urban agglomerations research, presented in the approaches of Russian and foreign scientists, were analysed. The analysis allowed us to systematise the existing methodological approaches into two groups: the features of spatial development of agglomerated systems and the characteristics of their economic condition. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing methodologies are presented, on the basis of which a methodological toolkit for the scale of agglomerated systems is developed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using the proposed indicator by public administration authorities in the development of normative legal acts of strategic planning in the field of spatial and socio-economic development of regions, in scientific and analytical research in the field of regional economy. The methods of content and comparative analysis, mathematical formalisation, expert assessments, modelling, observation and synthesis were used to solve the research problems.

My health, my right

Even in the twenty-first century, often dubbed the digital age or era of technology, health remains a fundamental aspect of human life. The World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that "enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.”(1) Despite this, in 2021, over half of the global population, approximately 4.5 billion individuals, were not enjoying full coverage of essential health services.(2) As we celebrated the World Health Day on April 7, 2024 with the theme “My health, my right”, it is crucial to examine the significance of health as an inherent human entitlement, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and the implications of ensuring its fulfilment for individuals and communities.

Determinants of traffic safety enforcement behaviour among police officers: A narrative review

Traffic safety enforcement (TSE), which includes policing of traffic laws, is a key component of safe transport systems. Effective TSE depends on law enforcement professionals’ (i.e., police officers’) ability and willingness to proactively engage in TSE activities. By conducting a narrative review of past literature, this article documents (i) factors reported to influence law enforcement professionals’ willingness to engage in TSE, and (ii) policy recommendations to improve TSE and thus traffic safety. The extensive literature review presented in this report identified four main types of factors that influence officers’ willingness to engage in TSE: (i) individual-level factors (e.g., officers’ perceptions of TSE), (ii) situational factors (e.g., traffic offenders’ demographic characteristics), (iii) organization-level factors (e.g., traffic citation quotas), and (iv) community-level factors (e.g., political influence). Policy recommendations to improve TSE recognized that a country’s economic condition poses significant barriers to effective TSE. Results of this literature review summarize and provide insights into factors that influence TSE and can be used by road safety professionals, including transport engineers and law enforcement professionals, to improve TSE efforts and outcomes.

Emergency seek for non-urgency patients - Literature review

Based on the question of why non-urgent patients seek an Emergency Service (ES), this literature review demonstrated that the problem is not a Brazilian privilege but a global one. Emphasizing the fact that the screening carried out is not based solely on clinical criteria, being influenced by social issues rather than because, for the patient, their problem requires immediate treatment. The lack of accessibility to specialized care, geographical dispersion, distrust due to the deterioration of the doctor-patient relationship, the lack of health education among the population and the culture of immediacy are the main causes of the increase in attendance at hospital emergency services on its own initiative. The definition of "non-urgent" is variable and is generally associated with the individual's economic and social condition, also claiming that going to the emergency room is due to the convenience of being close to where they live and being open 24 hours a day. These consultations (on average, 2/3 of patients do not qualify as urgent) cause harm both to the population that actually needs the ES and to health care providers due to the overcrowding of the system. Its resolution is complex as it ranges from investments in more efficient outpatient care services to raising society's awareness of what an emergency really is.

Methods for assessing risks of sustainable development of an enterprise: Theory and empirical analysis

Subject. The study deals with risk assessment of sustainable development of the enterprise. Objectives. The purpose is to review and evaluate the main methods for analysis of social, environmental, and economic condition of the company, build a risk model and underpin its key methodological stages; provide empirical proof of the proposed concept based on data from financial and non-financial reporting and stock market risk of the organization. Methods. The study employs techniques of stochastic and deterministic types of analysis of enterprise economic activity. Results. The paper offers a new method to assess ESG risk based on a normative approach to calculating risk indicators. I modified the classical parameter of the challenge to sustainable development, as well as the methodology for integrated assessment of sustainable business development. Conclusions. The risk theory is currently a worthy way to obtain transparent and objective information to assess the sustainable development of a corporate unit. The proposed risk analysis tool for a complex of socio-ecological and economic areas has a better quality of explanation of the current situation in the stock market than the classical valuation technique that serves as its basis.

Controversies and Unconstitutional Practices of Elections Postponement in Indonesia: State Interest or Political Elite Interest?

The Indonesian political atmosphere has recently been shocked by controversial issues regarding the postponement of the Indonesian elections in 2024 nationally. The reason for postponing the election is due to the unstable economic condition of the country after COVID-19 so that it is considered incapable of holding elections in 2024. This study aims to find out how the postponement of elections is regulated in Indonesia, as well as whether the postponement of elections is a constitutional action or for the interests of groups elite. The results of this study indicate that basically the Indonesian Election Law does not specifically regulate the postponement of elections. The postponement of elections in the provisions of election law in Indonesia only regulates regional election delays. Meanwhile, national election delays are not adequately regulated. Therefore, nationally postponing the election is considered a violation of the Indonesian constitution. In addition, it is seen that the postponement of the election is not an aspiration of the Indonesian people so that it is considered an attempt by the political elite to take political advantage in the 2024 election.

The Folly of Food Waste amidst Food Insecurity in the United States: A Literature Review

Food insecurity is an economic and social condition that involves individuals having limited or uncertain access to healthy food. Despite the well-intentioned efforts of both governmental and not-for-profit organizations in addressing food insecurity, well over one-in-ten households in the U.S., the wealthiest nation in the world, experience food insecurity every year. The objective of this literature review was to identify and explicate the methods and outcomes of food insecurity interventions that have been conducted among U.S. adults. This literature review identified 38 studies detailing several government programs and research interventions designed to address food insecurity. Results from the review highlight how the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP), and not-for-profit food banks have demonstrated success in improving food insecurity. However, the prevalence of food insecurity among U.S. households has fluctuated without any sustained decreases that achieve a food insecurity rate that remains below 10 percent of the population. Food waste, which refers to food that is edible yet discarded at the retail or consumption phases, is rampant in the U.S., as approximately 30 percent (66.5 million tons) of edible food is wasted after leaving the farm every year. Food waste prevention efforts that involve rescuing edible, nutritious food and redistributing it to individuals who are food insecure can promote both environmental wellbeing and public health through simultaneous reductions in food waste and food insecurity.

Factors Contributing to Poverty among Artisanal Fisherfolk of in Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

This study investigated factors contributing to poverty among artisanal fisherfolk in Ahoada Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. By exploring the livelihoods of artisanal fisherfolk, this paper analyzed different aspects of poverty and identify factors that contribute to poverty in these communities. This descriptive study was guided by two research objectives and questions. The population of study consists of 520 members of 3 fisherfolks cooperative society in Rivers State, out of which 240 members was randomly sampled. The research instrument used for the study was a structured 24 item questionnaire designed on a modified 4-poin Liker scale format. The findings of the study reveal that lack of access to loan facilities, reduction in catch and socio-economic factors contributed to poverty among fisherfolk in Rivers State. This study came to the conclusion that poverty is pervasive in coastal communities in Rivers State because the majority of fishermen who live and work there have daily challenges that exacerbate rather than reduce their economic condition. Based on this the paper recommended that in order to give fishermen access to loans and free themselves from the shackles of payday lenders, the government of Rivers State urgently needs to expand the establishment of microfinance banks to coastal communities. Additionally, fishermen need to be properly educated on the importance of maintaining clean waterways and the proper application of government regulations governing effluent discharge on water bodies.

Food Insecurity and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors Among US Adolescents.

Food insecurity, a social and economic condition of limited availability of healthy food, is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health outcomes among adults; few studies have been conducted in adolescents. This study explores the association between food insecurity and cardiovascular health risk factors among a nationally representative sample of US adolescents, adopting the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 metric. We analyzed data from 2534 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from the 2013 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. In the sample, 24.8% of adolescents lived in food-insecure households. After multivariable adjustment, food insecurity was associated with a 3.23-unit lower total Life's Essential 8 score (95% CI, -6.32, -0.15) and lower scores on diet quality (β=-5.39 [95% CI, -8.91, -1.87]) and nicotine exposure (β=-4.85 [95% CI, -9.24, -0.45]). Regarding diet, food insecurity was associated with 5% lower Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores [95% CI, -7%, -2%], particularly lower intakes of whole grains and seafood/plant proteins and marginally higher intake of added sugar. Regarding nicotine exposure, food insecurity was associated with ever use of a tobacco product among m (odds ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.20-2.53]). Compared with their food-secure counterparts, food-insecure male (odds ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.07-3.65]) and female (odds ratio, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.60-6.45]) adolescents had higher odds of living with a current indoor smoker. In this nationally representative sample of adolescents, food insecurity was associated with multiple indicators of cardiovascular health risk. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions and policies to reduce food insecurity and improve cardioprotective behaviors during adolescence, with particular efforts targeting diet quality and nicotine exposure.

Main drivers and barriers to the adoption of Digital Agriculture technologies

The transition from traditional agriculture to Digital Agriculture involves various elements that make it challenging. Given the different contexts and particularities, this paper aims to identify and analyze the primary factors and barriers to adopting Digital Agriculture, to promote an understanding of this transition. By conducting a bibliometric assessment and analyzing case studies, the results show that the economic condition, availability of technological infrastructure, technical knowledge, age of farmers, type of organization, reliability of technology, and concerns about security and privacy are important elements in adopting Digital Agriculture. The study also reveals a limitation linked to the data sources used in their preparation by analyzing the case studies. This finding reveals the existence of a gap in the literature concerning the scarcity of indicators capable of measuring the adoption of digital agriculture while at the same time providing a perspective devoid of producer bias. Furthermore, by considering the insights provided by the identification and analysis of those factors and barriers, policymakers can tailor policies to address specific challenges and promote the widespread adoption of digital technologies in agriculture.

Combining Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model and Gaussian Process Regression to Improve Stock Price Forecast

Stock market performance is one key indicator of the economic condition of a country, and stock price forecasting is important for investments and financial risk management. However, the inherent nonlinearity and complexity in stock price movements imply that simple conventional modeling techniques are not adequate for stock price forecasting. In this paper, we present a hybrid model (ARIMA + GPRC) which combines the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and Gaussian process regression (GPR) with a combined covariance function (GPRC). The proposed hybrid model can account for both the linearity and nonlinearity in stock price movements. Based on daily data on three stocks listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), it is found that GPRC outperforms GPR with a single covariance function. Further, the proposed hybrid model is compared with the ARIMA model, artificial neural network (ANN), and GPRC model. Based on the forecasting trend and the statistical performance of the four models, the ARIMA + GPRC model is found to be the dominant model for stock price forecasting and can significantly improve forecasting performance.