Economic Classifications Research Articles

Accelerating green growth: The effect of technological innovation on production capabilities spillovers in developing economies

This research addresses how technological innovation affects the spillovers of production capabilities into the green sectors in countries with developing economies. It examines the evolution of green production capabilities for 226 countries between 2003 and 2015 and identifies the key sectors driving the spillovers of production capabilities. It delves into the patterns observed in the evolution of these capabilities, considering the diverse economic classifications. Finally, it hones in on 72 developing countries that face unique challenges in their pursuit of green economic growth, exploring the effect of technological innovations on the spillovers of production capabilities into their green sectors. Using the ‘Green Sector Space’, an extension of the Product Space methodology, statistical analysis, and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling, the findings of this analysis highlight significant disparities in green production capabilities in developing economies compared to other economic classifications. Additionally, the significant and dominant role non-green sectors have in driving the spillovers of production capabilities into the green sectors, demonstrating a significantly higher dominance observed in developing countries. Finally, the results underscore technological innovations’ significant and positive effect on the spillovers of production capabilities from non-green to green sectors in developing countries, which exhibits a path-dependent evolution pattern. Conversely, it does not have a significant effect on the spillovers between the green sectors. The findings address a gap in the literature by revealing the positive and significant effect of technological innovations on path-dependent green product development. This analysis recommends interventions in developing economies that heavily rely on non-green sectors to leverage technological innovations and diversify their green production capabilities for accelerated green growth.

Business Intelligence for Agricultural Foreign Trade: Design and Application of Power BI Dashboard

In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, data analytics has become a critical tool for organizations striving to remain competitive and make informed decisions. Although technology facilitates data analysis, many decision-makers need more technical knowledge to use these tools. This project focuses on developing a business intelligence system in Power BI to analyze agricultural exports from Mexico as part of the Agro-logistics Observatory, aiming to bridge this gap and make data more accessible for non-technical users. The objective is to create an interactive panel that would allow users to visualize and compare export and import data, thereby supporting decision-making for both business and academic purposes. The methodology involved collecting and cleaning data from various sources, such as public institutions, and a modeling process that integrates geospatial data and economic classifications. Key performance indicators (KPIs), such as trade balance and the export share by-product, were designed and calculated to identify critical products and trade patterns. Although similar approaches have been presented in the literature, the novelty of this research lies in the detailed presentation of its methodology, which provides a step-by-step guide for its replication that is often lacking in other studies. In addition, it offers a dashboard that integrates data from various sources, presenting them through easy-to-interpret visualizations so that stakeholders can quickly and efficiently access valuable information beyond traditional data visualization. Furthermore, the project highlights opportunities for improvements in data visualization, including integrating more specific product data and enhancing the dashboard’s capabilities through predictive analysis.

The Plurality of Economic Classifications

The standard strategy involves evaluating whether economic classifications meet criteria derived from a general theory of natural kinds. The first objective of this article is to show the implementation of this strategy by various relevant authors. We argue that the standard strategy has failed due to its lack of a greater sensitivity to the role played by human interests in the design of different types of natural kinds. The second objective is to outline a new strategy for investigating economic classifications. Our departure from the standard strategy can be described as a shift from assessing economic classifications based on general theories of natural kinds to examining specific cases with the aim of theorizing about their design and application. The cases of the cost-of-living index and race are used to succinctly discuss the objectivity of economic classifications and implications for the relationship between science and democracy.

Preispitivanje socijalnog stanovanja s gledišta ekološke održivosti: empirijska analiza

Environmental problems are being increasingly recognised as critical strategies for attaining sustainability in social housing, given the persistent demand for social housing in urban areas. However, to remain inexpensive, housing built for low-income groups requires greater environmental compromises. The main objective of this study is to examine social housing projects from an environmental sustainability standpoint and determine whether they have a low environmental impact. This study also aims to inform policymakers about the environmental sustainability of social housing projects and provide an opportunity to review housing policies in terms of environmental sustainability. Six social housing projects were selected under the same climatic conditions from Spain and Turkey, with distinct economic classifications and housing policies. The findings indicate that although social housing built in Spain has a smaller carbon footprint than Turkey throughout the manufacturing (A1–A3) and building (A4–A5) phases, social housing projects in both countries cannot be classified as low-impact housing projects.

Global Access to Multiple Myeloma Medications (GLAMM-2 Study): Access and Barriers to Chemoimmunotherapies and Transplant

Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy and is the second most common type of hematologic cancer worldwide. Treatment options for MM have evolved in the last two decades with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PI), anti-CD-38 monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD38 MoAb), and recently BCMA-directed therapies (BDT). The variable access globally, especially for novel agents, has been a concern. We aim to study the global availability of 14 chemoimmunotherapy options in addition to autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) which is approved in the US (excluding BDT due to limited availability), to identify regions with restricted access and analyze the main barriers to access. Methods A global cohort of oncologists outside the USA who treat MM participated in an online survey to evaluate the patterns of accessibility of MM therapies worldwide. The survey, conducted in collaboration with the US Myeloma Innovations Research Collaborative (USMIRC), was sent electronically to 176 oncologists worldwide (outside the US) from June 18th, 2023, to July 17th, 2023. It included questions on demographics, access, and perceived barriers. The respondents chose a response for each therapy as being “easily accessible”, “moderately accessible,” “not readily accessible” or “no access”. Countries were then classified as having “adequate access” if 80-100% of respondents affirmed easy/moderately easy access, while <30% were considered “limited access”, 60-79% were “high-intermediate access” and 30-59% were “low-intermediate access”. We classified countries into low- and high-income (LIC and HIC) based on the United Nations (UN) World Economic Classifications based on per capita gross national income (GNI). Means were calculated for regions of interest. An interim analysis is reported. Results Demographics: Ninety-Five (54%) oncologists from 33 countries completed the survey. Most were from Asia (56%). Others were Europe (19%), South America (12%), Africa (7%), Oceania (3%), and North America (Canada and Mexico, excluding the US) (3%). Only 17% specialized in plasma cell disorders; 50.5% were affiliated with university academic centers; 18% with private or community practices; 12% with community academic centers; and 17% were hybrid. Public-funded centers represented 61.1%, while 76% were transplant centers. Global Patterns: Most countries had adequate access to chemotherapies, IMiDs, PIs, Anti-CD38, MoAbs, and ASCT (Figure 1). Notably, ixazomib, isatuximab, and selinexor had low intermediate access, while elotuzumab had limited access. Access by Income: Most MM therapies were available in LIC and HIC. Of the therapies listed, 6 were adequately available in LIC and HIC: cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, daratumumab, bortezomib, and ASCT (Table 1). Elotuzumab and selinexor were limited in both LIC and HIC. Ixazomib and isatuximab were also limited in LIC but were low-intermediate in HIC. Access by Continent: Out of the 14 therapies, Europe had adequate or high-intermediate access to most modalities (12), followed by Oceania and Asia (10), and South America (9). North America and Africa had the lowest number of adequate or high intermediate access therapies (7) (Table 1). Barriers: The most common reason cited for limited access to MM therapies globally was the financial burden for the healthcare system, followed by limitations in local agency approval, inadequate chemotherapy suite resources, and inadequate staffing. Conclusion While most therapies were available, novel therapies such as isatuximab, ixazomib, selinexor, and elotuzumab were less readily accessible. Moreover, North America and Africa had the least access to therapies. This is likely because LIC and HIC have prioritized access to treatments with the best evidence of cost-effectiveness, while those with lower cost-effectiveness are generally limited. The financial burden on healthcare is a major limiting factor. USMIRC plans to investigate potential solutions and pursue global collaborative efforts to reduce disparities in therapies.

Türkiye'deki Havalimanlarında Yolcu ve Yük Taşımacılığı Faaliyetlerinde Yaşanan İş Kazalarının Durum Analizi

Air transport is of great importance in terms of both passenger and freight transport today. The aviation sector, which is growing and developing day by day, has a large share especially in terms of safety and security, occupational health and safety. This study has been prepared for the analysis of occupational accidents and occupational safety issues for both the sector and the employees, in the processes that are carried out meticulously in order to avoid any possibility of mistakes. Studies carried out at airports in Turkey with the code “51 – Air Freight” are grouped under two basic economic activity classifications in the Social Security Institution (SSI) system as “51/1 – Passenger Transportation by Air” and “51/2 – Freight Transportation by Air”. In the study, the situation of work accidents in these transportation activities at the airports in Turkey was analyzed and compared. With the analysis of the sector's occupational accidents data between the years 2013-2021; the number of workplaces, the number of insured personnel, the number of insured people who had a work accident, the period of temporary disability after work accident, the number of deaths after work accident, the number of employees per workplace, the number of work accidents per insured, the temporary incapacity period per work accident and the after-work accident are calculated. Lost working time was calculated. With the obtained data, the situation of occupational accidents in the sector was examined. According to the analysis of the data within certain periods, the passenger and freight transportation activities at the airports in Turkey were evaluated in terms of occupational health and safety.

Financial Development and Income Inequality: Evidence From Advanced, Emerging and Developing Economies

We investigate the effects of financial development on income inequality for a global sample of countries between 1980 and 2019. The study contributes to the current literature by first, making use of a multifaceted index of financial development that captures different aspects of financial developments over time. Second, we compare the effects of financial development on income inequality across economic classifications, namely advanced, emerging and least developed countries. Last, we investigate the non-linear effects of financial development on income inequality across these economic classifications. The findings indicate that in general, financial development reduces inequality across emerging and least developed countries, but is not statistically significant for advanced countries. However, when we disaggregate the financial development index into its sub-components (financial institutions and financial markets), we find different effects on inequality, based on the levels of development. Further investigation on the dimensions under financial institutions and financial markets (depth, access and efficiency) reveals that banking sector development under financial institutions has income inequality-reducing effects in emerging and least developed countries, while stock market development under financial markets widens inequality in least developed countries. We also find heterogeneous non-linear effects between emerging and least developed countries. The findings in our paper firstly highlight the nuances in financial development depending on the level of development in countries, and secondly that policies focused on financial inclusion of the poor can mitigate inequality.

Democratization Movements in the Ottoman State

İnsanoğlu dünyada her ne kadar birey olarak bulunsa da var olduğu ilk andan günümüze kadar içgüdüsel sebepleri bir kenara bırakırsak sosyal, ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel nedenlerle bir arada yaşama, örgütlenme ve düzen kurma ihtiyacı hissetmiştir. Toplumun sahip olduğu doğrular, değerler, ihtiyaçlar, zorunluluklar zaman içerisinde farklı olduğundan dolayı da geliştirilen çözüm önerileri de zaman içerisinde değişiklik göstermiştir. İnsanlar, her türlü siyasi ve ekonomik sınıflandırmadan bağımsız olarak en sade haliyle yöneten ve yönetilenlerden oluşurken, sahip oldukları yönetim biçimleri de her toplum için, Türkler dâhil, tarih boyunca toplumun ihtiyaçlarına ve içinde bulunduğu sosyal ve kültürel unsurlara göre şekillenmiştir. Günümüze gelindiğinde ise en itibarlı yönetim şekli, Antik Yunan’da ilk defa tecrübe edilen ama sonradan değeri anlaşılan yönetim şekli demokrasi olmuştur. Avrupa’da yaşanan Rönesans, Reform ve Aydınlanma Dönemi sonrasında yaşanan gelişmeler demokrasi kültürünü Avrupa’da güçlendirmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti de gelişmelerden farklı bir şekilde de olsa etkilenmiş, karşılaştığı sorunları aşmak için Batı’daki gelişmeleri örnek alarak birtakım ıslahatlar yapmaya girişmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak yönetim, devlet ve demokrasi kavramlarından kısaca bahsedilmiştir, Türklerde demokrasi ve özgürlük düşüncesi ele alınmıştır ve son olarak Osmanlı’da yeniliklere ve demokratikleşmeye yönelik atılan adımlara ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Measuring Sector Cyclicality: A Factor-Based Approach

Equity sectors are often ascribed static economic classifications that fail to consider their dynamic and time-varying fundamental characteristics across business cycles. Leveraging research findings on factor cyclicality, the authors propose a simple and practical methodology to categorize sectors as cyclical or defensive by estimating their sensitivity to a cyclical multifactor portfolio. Their results reveal that although some sectors have exhibited persistent cyclical or defensive features, most sectors have experienced noteworthy changes over time. Using a predictive business cycle regime framework, they document the effectiveness of this dynamic factor-based sector classification approach and provide examples of sector rotation strategies that have historically generated attractive excess returns, outperforming static alternatives. Their results are consistent with a factor investing paradigm, recognizing that factors are important drivers of portfolio risk and performance, and traditional asset classes can be seen as implementation vehicles of intended factor and macro exposures.

Economic state classification and portfolio optimisation with application to stagflationary environments

Motivated by the current fears of a potentially stagflationary global economic environment, this paper uses new and recently introduced mathematical techniques to study multivariate time series pertaining to country inflation (CPI), economic growth (GDP) and equity index behaviours. We begin by assessing the temporal evolution among various economic phenomena, and complement this analysis with ‘economic driver analysis,’ where we decouple country economic trajectories and determine what is most important in their association. Next, we study the temporal self-similarity of global inflation, growth and equity index returns to identify the most anomalous historic periods, and windows in the past that are most similar to current market dynamics. We then introduce a new algorithm to construct economic state classifications and compute an economic state integral, where countries are determined to belong in one of four candidate states based on their inflation and growth behaviours. Finally, we implement a decade-by-decade portfolio optimisation to determine which equity indices and portfolio assets have been most beneficial in maximising portfolio risk-adjusted returns in various market conditions. This could be of great interest to those looking for asset allocation guidance in the current period of high economic uncertainty.

Rubberized geopolymer composites: A comprehensive review

The construction sector has been addressing the issue of integrating sustainability into production processes over the last few years, either through solid waste materials as aggregates in concrete or the search for more eco-friendly raw materials. Besides, the global trends group focused on developing an alternative to cement, which is a significant contributor to pollution of the environment due to its greenhouse gas emissions. Geopolymer (GP) is one of the most acceptable solutions for utilizing all industrial by-products containing an alumino-silicate (A-S) source material. However, one method to recycle waste rubber tires is incorporating them into geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an alternative to natural aggregates. Recently, the potential of combining the advantages of GPC with rubberized concrete to produce rubberized geopolymer concrete (Ru-GPC) as a viable, sustainable building material has been recognized. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the waste rubber's environmental and economic impact, resources, recycling, classifications, and physicochemical properties. Besides, this article provides in-depth studies on the behaviors and properties of Ru-GPC composites, such as their basic components, preparation and curing processes, fresh and physical properties, mechanical properties, dynamic properties, durability properties, microstructures, and insulation properties. The effect of crumb rubber (CRu) substitution on critical properties is addressed critically. Also, it highlights the applications, embodied CO 2 emissions, and cost analysis of Ru-GPC. Moreover, gaps in the literature and recommendations for future study have been identified to support further developments in the investigation and future publication of Ru- GPC materials in practice.

Eastern Mediterranean Area in Energy Security of The European Union: From Sea Border Issues to Economic Conflicts of Interest

The interdependence experienced on a global scale today has gained more importance with the increasing demand for energy resources. The situation of interdependence may cause various conflicts due to the differences in strategy between countries regarding access to energy resources. In this destructive competitive environment, hydrocarbons, especially natural gas, continue to be an essential means of competition as a strategic energy source. This situation makes the European Union and the countries that are the suppliers of the energy demand of the Union and the transition countries dependent on each other. This situation of interdependence makes energy resources the most important policy tool. Russia, one of the energy suppliers of European states, uses this advantage as an essential political pressure tool. European Union countries turn to alternative resources and areas to reduce dependency in the face of this situation. In recent years, the Eastern Mediterranean basin has been added to these areas. With the discovery of significant hydrocarbon resources in the Eastern Mediterranean, the importance of this region for European countries is increasing. However, this situation causes maritime border disputes and geopolitical conflicts between the countries of the region. This conceptual study emphasizes the solution of problems related to cross-border hydrocarbon resources and the extent to which natural gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean will be an alternative to Russian natural gas.Keywords: EU energy security, Eastern Mediterranean gas reserves, Sea border issues, Exclusive economic zoneJEL Classifications: P28, P48, K32.DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12602

EXPENDITURES OF THE STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE

The article describes the concept of budget by different scholars. Expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine for 2019–2021 by economic, program and functional classifications are analyzed; reforms in foreign countries to reduce public spending. It is noted that expenditures on economic activity are a very controversial component of the balance of public finances. Important factors of growth of the state expenses are pointed out. An important issue of optimizing public expenditures on the maintenance of executive bodies is to increase the efficiency of their organization and functioning on the basis of modernization of management, legislative definition of functions, introduction of effective ways to implement staffing, logistics and financial support. The main approaches to optimizing the functions of executive bodies should be based on the legal regulation of the distribution of functions in the apparatus of public administration and the structural and functional construction of the system of executive bodies.

IS INDIA FINANCING ITS EMISSIONS THROUGH EXTERNAL DEBT?

The main aim of this study is to analyze the effect of external debt on different types of emissions in India as carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, emissions from liquid fuel consumption, emissions from solid fuel consumption, and emissions from gaseous fuel consumption. India has a fast growing in external debt especially after 2008 world financial crisis. India has a similar situation to China and Turkey which also started to increase external debt significantly after 2008 world crisis. The effect of external debt on emissions only analyzed by Katircioglu and Celebi (2018), Beşe, Friday, and Ozden (2021) and Beşe, Friday and Spencer (2021) for Turkey, China and Brazil respectively. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by analyzing the effect of external debt on emissions. This study is the first study in the literature for India. The second aim of the study is to investigate whether inverted U relationship exists between economic development, and carbon oxide emissions, methane emissions, methane emissions, emissions from liquid fuel consumption, emissions from solid fuel consumption, and emissions from gaseous fuel consumption. This study confirmed inverted-U relationship between methane gas emissions and economic development, and emissions from gaseous fuel consumption and economic development. The positive and significant effect of external debt on carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, emissions from gaseous fuel consumption and emissions from solid fuel consumption is confirmed by this study. The analysis is important since after 2008 crisis many countries such as China and Turkey besides India started to borrow external debt heavily to create government investments to boost employment market which collapsed due to global economic crisis. This study carries importance since global greenhouse gas emissions may be financed through external debt in India. Since sustainability is the main issue in current world and reduction of emissions is one of the highest priorities of humanity, necessary measures should be taken into account to reduce financing of emissions through external debt in India.Keywords: external debt, India, ARDL model, emissions, economic growthJEL Classifications: Q01, Q56, C01DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11533

USING ADSORPTION CHILLER IN SOLAR COOLING: ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR JORDAN

Jordan has been facing a rigorous economic problem related to the high cost of energy. One of the main reasons is the cost of subsiding imported fuels to produce electricity for its domestic uses. The importation of energy represents more than 10% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) despite it has plentiful resources of renewable energy that can cover all its needs from electrical energy, while the national resources of energy in Jordan cover only 3-4% of the country's energy needs. This study investigates the potential of using the technology of Cooling Air by Solar Energy (CASE) for Air-conditioning applications to minimize the consumption of energy in Jordan. The main objectives of this work are to provide an overview of different commercially available CASE technologies and analyze the economic feasibility of selected CASE technology. The study of the economic feasibility has been done on the CASE technologies used for four scenarios. Analysis of data collection and assessment of economic viability in comparison to conventional VCC was also investigated. The results showed the relevance of the economic feasibility with the cost of electricity tariff, it also showed that the use of this device is feasible at a high electricity tariff; while there is a high risk on feasibility at a low electricity tariff.Keywords: adsorption chillers; vapor compression chillers; economic feasibilityJEL Classifications: C54, Q20, Q43, Q55DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11752

Investigating the economic visibility and contribution of UK women in agriculture through a systematic review of international literature

The agricultural sector in developed countries has been experiencing a growth in the percentage of women, yet very little economic research documents the role and contribution of farm women across these countries. Through an interdisciplinary systematic literature review of 184 international peer-reviewed, English-language studies between 1970 and 2020 we investigate the economic contribution and visibility of women working in the agricultural sector in the United Kingdom (UK). Differences within farm women as a group are explored and used to develop a framework characterising the different economic classifications of farm women across a spectrum of economic contribution and visibility. A comparison of the economic contributions of farm men and women also reveals key differences between farming practices and outcomes. As such, the study reveals key barriers to women's economic participation and visibility in agriculture to be associated with access to land, education and organisations. These factors are evaluated in the context of wider policy. The outcomes of this study increase understanding of factors shaping women's economic contribution and visibility in UK agriculture and will inform further research investigating female participation in agricultural business management and decision making. As the UK formulates its own domestic agricultural acts, UK-wide research will be needed to inform policy and overcome barriers facing women in farming.

DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON CHINA’S ECONOMY STRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DEEP ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS?

The outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted on the global economy since 2020. This paper employs regression models to investigate China's economy structure and sustainability of deep determinants, such as human capital, business environment. It finds that the central government like to adjust China's economy structure to mitigate the impact of crucial crisis to remain economic sustainability. Additionally, COVID-19 like SARS has no impact on Chinese economic sustainability, because this pandemic is unable to effect economic deep determinants in the short run. Human capital accumulation is the significant deep factors, and COVID-19 epidemic has no impact on these long-run factors during a short period. It suggests further human capital including labor quantity and education is currently the most significant determinants for China's economy sustainability, followed by the upgrading business environment.Keywords: COVID-19, Economy structure, Deep determinants, Economic SustainabilityJEL Classifications: O11, O40, O53DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11263

ROLE OF OIL PRICE IN FISCAL CYCLICALITY IN SAUDI ARABIA

Testing cyclicality of fiscal policy is pertinent in any country to observe its type of cyclicality with the business cycle. In the oil abundant economy, oil price and trade openness may also play a role in determining the fiscal policy cyclicality. This research probes the role of economic growth, trade openness, and oil price on government consumption growth to verify the type of cyclicality in Saudi Arabia from 1971 to 2018. The cointegration test of Pesaran (2001) is utilized to test the cyclicality hypothesis with augmented critical bound statistics developed by Kripfganz and Schneider (2019). We corroborate the long and short-run relationships in the fiscal model of Saudi Arabia. Further, procyclicality is proved in the long run and countercyclicality is corroborated in the short run with a one-year lag effect. Moreover, government revenue has a positive effect on expenditure. However, oil prices and trade openness could not affect government spending. Keywords: Fiscal Cyclicality, oil price, trade openness, government consumption, economic growthJEL Classifications: E62, Q41, P33, O43 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10700

Stock Market and Real Economy: Unwritten History Matters!

Economic concepts, statistical methods, and variable classifications used to measure personal consumption expenditures (PCE) are regularly updated when they become obsolete for the evolving US economy. History is gradually rewritten and eventually lost because these structural revisions are applied retrospectively to historical data. We use data revisions to tease out novel empirical support for the conjecture of countercyclical equity risk premia. Latest-vintage PCE, a distorted measure of aggregate consumption risk, is significantly less informative about future stock market returns than real-time-vintage PCE. These results highlight the importance of using real-time data to test economic models.

AVAILABILITY AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS IN HOUSEHOLDS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF MANAUS: A POPULATION-BASED SURVEY, 2015.

ABSTRACTObjective: The availability of hazardous products in households increases the risks of poisoning. The present study aimed to assess the frequency and associated factors of the availability and storage of hazardous products in residences in the metropolitan region of Manaus.Methods: Population-based and cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 with adults selected with three-stage probabilistic sampling. Participants were interviewed face-to-face. Prevalence ratio (PR) of the presence of hazardous products (presence of chumbinho [illegal anti-cholinesterase rodenticide], artisanal cleaning products, and unsafe storage of these products and medications) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated with Poisson regression with robust variance, weighted by the complex sampling method adopted.Results: A total of 4,001 participants was included, of which 53.0% (95%CI 51.5-54.6) reported presence of hazardous products in their households, 36.3% (95%CI 34.8-37.8) had unsafe storage, 16.2% (95%CI 15.1-17.4) had artisanal cleaning products, and 8.2% (95%CI 7.4-9.1) had chumbinho. Households with children ≤5 years old had safer storage (PR=0.78; 95%CI 0.71-0.86) and more artisanal products (PR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11-1.51). Presence of artisanal products was higher in lower educational levels (PR=2.20; 95%CI 1.36-3.57) and lower economic classifications (PR=1.63; 95%CI 1.25-2.13).Conclusions: Over half of the households in the metropolitan region of Manaus kept hazardous products; one-third stored them unsafely. Artisanal cleaning products and chumbinho were frequently present. Households with children had safer storage of products, and socioeconomic factors affected the availability of such hazardous products.