Economic Achievements Research Articles

Human Capital of US the Deaf Population from 1850 to 1910

We present the first modern economic and statistical analysis of historical deaf populations in the United States. We also provide the first 19th century annual deaf population estimates for the US. Unlike many subpopulations, deaf persons are uniquely characterized by a feature of their human capital: the absence of hearing. We provide evidence to address whether deaf people invested in adequate alternative human capital to compensate for deafness, or merely persisted throughout life with less human capital. We use probit and ordinary least squares models with historical census data and compare deaf and hearing populations by school attendance, literacy, employment status, and occupational scores. We find little evidence of compensating differentials in human capital investment among the deaf. We provide additional evidence from Martha’s Vineyard – where most people were bilingual in sign language and English, to exclude the language barrier and animus discrimination as the primary causes of lower economic achievement by the deaf.

INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS, PLANNING AND CONTROL IN THE SYSTEM OF THE GOVERNMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The aim of this article is to develop a conceptual model of the institutional analysis, planning and control comprehensive system, which, according to the authors’ point of view, has to be integrated organically into the overall system of the governmental management.The article starts with the analysis of the of the “new institutional economics” methodology’s contributions to theoretical research in the area of applied economics, with particular emphasis to developing countries, particularly to Ukraine.Then authors continue by providing an overview of the new institutional economics theory and methodology as well as their several branches. Particularly, it is described the authors’ point of view in regard to the fundamental definitions of the institutional theory.One of the article’s purposes is to outline the basic features of the institutional planning theory and to justify its interpretation in the general planning theory framework. Carrying out this task, the authors describe the existing diversity of planning theories and the main achievements of the new institutional economics in the development and implementation of planning procedures.From authors’ point of view, institutional planning is the economic theory in which planning is described as the sequence of actions of organizations or/and people responsible for planning procedures and stakeholders in order to get the immediate and final planning results.The successful implementation of such model would help the planners and stakeholders to get the results that consist in the effectiveness of the national economy and its competitiveness.

ENHANCING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF COMMERCE STUDENTS THROUGH BLENDED E-LEARNING

Blended e-learning is being adapted in education to enhance the students learning ability. Its contemporary methods of instruction, e-learning tools facilitate the enhancement of academic achievement of students and make them active participants in classroom. In the blended e-learning, various forms like video lessons, live online teaching, LMS (learning management system), e-books and supporting tools are used for effective and creative instructional processes. Using the Google Classroom with Google meet, five lessons of economics subject under CBSE, Delhi syllabus of XI Commerce class. The purpose of study was to enhance the academic achievement of XI Commerce students through blended e-learning in Economics. The sample of 60 students was taken from two CBSE affiliated private schools of , Punjab. The and post-test experimental design were used in the study. The data analysis showed higher academic achievement score of post-tests than the in economics. A significant difference between the mean scores of academic achievements in economics of and post-test was found. It can be inferred that blended e-learning enhances the academic achievement of Commerce students.

Entrepreneurship and Equilibrium

Neoclassic economic theory regards equilibrium, whether general or partial, as a crucially important foundation of the dismal science[1]. In the view of mainstream economists, the general equilibrium framework not only an investigation of the economy in terms of its perfect qualities, but also is suitable as an end or goal of action. The Austrian school, in contrast, sees equilibrium (or the evenly rotating economy - ERE) merely as a tendency for economic activities to move us in that direction, but it is never attained. Praxeological economics has thus concentrated not on equilibrium, but on the process by which the market moves toward it. Since the process of shifting resources to meet these ends cannot be achieved spontaneously, entrepreneurship plays a key role. In Mises and Rothbard’s view, entrepreneurship involves uncertainty bearing which beyond the alertness emphasized by Hayek and Kirzner; on the other hand, unlike Lachmann looks the economy as a kaleidoscope and rejects the ERE, Mises and Rothbard regard the ERE as an indispensable way to understand the economy.
 
 [1] As Frank H. Hahn said “Whatever economics is used or thought about, equilibrium is a central organizing concept.” (Hahn 1984: 43). Many economists and philosophers of science consider mathematical neoclassical general equilibrium theory as one of the peak achievements of economics (Rosenberg, 1992). Tieben (2012) stated that policy-makers and theorists of all schools of economics all use some form of equilibrium theory to develop their ideas and support their main theoretical and political claims. Lawson (2005) indicated that the equilibrium concept is a major cause of controversy between different schools of economic thought. A.W. Bob Coats even deems it the case that “economics has been dominated throughout its history by a single paradigm – the theory of economic equilibrium via the market mechanism.” (Coats 1969: 292).

Athletes in the intangible in the financial statements of Football: Comparison of the practices of Brazilian and European Clubs

This is a historic challenge in the accounting area: how to translate the values that these athletes represent to their teams into numbers and data. They are active, of course. The question is: how to classify them and, mainly, measure their economic achievement for the clubs they defend. Although new specific devices aim to make the task simpler, general regulations in the Brazilian scenario, such as the non-possibility of revaluing assets, hinder the identification of the real situation and the value of the main assets of national clubs: professional players. The article aimed to perform a qualitative analysis of the accounting policies and procedures recognized in the accounts of Brazilian professional football clubs in relation to the registration, amortization and impairment of the intangible with athletes, comparing them to three international teams. Palmeiras, Corinthians and Flamengo were the national teams selected in comparison to Manchester United (ING), Borussia Dortmund (ALE) and Barcelona (ESP). The research concludes that the degree of disclosure and information contained in the pieces varies according to the market, the regulations in force at the site and, mainly, the structuring of the teams' properties, with the best performing clubs having greater descriptive content and information in their Tales. Although a good part of the texts and reports are limited to a reproduction of policies and practices explained in norms and legal texts, without offering the accounting users useful information for their decision making.

Recovery survey confirms achievements in numerous domains after resolution

Results of a newly published survey offer a powerful counter to the stigmatizing notion that people with substance use disorders represent more of a burden than a benefit to society. The results showing substantial personal, civic and economic achievements in recovery also point to the importance of services that can help individuals build recovery capital, including those that are offered in recovery community centers and collegiate recovery programs.

Financial Development and FDI Nexus- Evidence from One Belt One Road Economies

Financial development has recently been captured the attention of researchers as in important element of economic prosperity. As foreign direct investment can have an important role in the economic achievements, this study investigates the role of financial development in attracting FDIs. Unlike earlier studies, it considers the most comprehensive proxy of financial development which overcomes the shortcomings due to ignorance of many economic components by earlier researchers. In this connection, this study uses panel of 39 countries from One Belt One Road (OBOR) economies. The empirical findings provide evidence in favor of financial sector reforms so as to benefit from foreign investment. The results are robust to the alternative measures of financial deepening under instrumental variable estimation. Therefore, the research specifically suggests countries to concentrate on developing their financial systems. Proper policy formulation can be done to reconstruct the weaker systems and to ensure wider and safer public access to the financial systems.

Effect of Poll Everywhere E-Learning on Students' Anxiety and Achievement in Economics Among Undergraduates at a Public University

Effect of Poll Everywhere E-Learning on Students' Anxiety and Achievement in Economics Among Undergraduates at a Public University

Potensi Konflik Berpengaru Terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kota Gorontalo

The method used is a participatory multidimensional approach with the research location of Gorontalo City. This research uses literature study by searching through print media and internet links. The primary data in this study was through interviews with traditional and cultural leaders, religious leaders as well as secondary data from local government agencies and other related institutions (Polri, NGO, CSO, Media). Types of data and sources of conflict include three-year data (2010 – 2012). This research shows that in 2010 the type of conflict between community members and the government was very dominant with the percentage reaching 50%, the next is the potential for natural resource/economic conflict with a percentage of 26%, the potential for communal conflict at 18%, while for the potential for political conflict, Sara and relations industry, only 2% each. In 2011 the type of communal conflict reached 57%, then the potential for political conflict was 22%, the potential for conflict between residents and the apparatus was 10% and the rest the potential for Sara conflict and natural resource/economic conflict were 6% and 5%, respectively. The potential for conflict affects the potential for improving the community's economy and also has an impact on social conflict, so a regional autonomy policy is needed to prevent potential conflicts by optimizing economic achievements and their implementation.

Gender equality does not prevent sexual abuse of women – awareness of a global public health problem

We examined the prevalence of sexual abuse against women around the world and the protective factors that may prevent this violence. Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 470,000 women in 50 countries informed our multivariate estimates. Our results show that one out of ten women aged 18-49 years old, experienced –at least once in their life time- sexual abuse, and most perpetrators are people in the environment of their victims. We also find that women educational attainment is a key factor in order to prevent sexual abuse, but gender equality achievements in economics, politics and health do not guarantee lower rates of sexual abuse. These results promote further discussions on strategies to strengthen effective preventive programs, especially for vulnerable women.

On the question of the methodology of the system economy

The article focuses on the crisis in economic science and the need for the formation of a new scientific paradigm. The pros and cons of the system economy, which claims to be a new paradigm in economic science, are considered. The insufficient elaboration of the methodology of the system economy, in particular, the weakness of the system approach, is revealed. It is shown that the system approach does not have sufficient explanatory and predictive power to become a methodological basis for the synthesis of economic science achievements. The general properties and features of economic systems that distinguish them from the entire variety of systems are revealed. It is emphasized that the main difference between economic systems is their ability not only to regulate the level of their entropy, but also to accumulate and use negative entropy - negentropy. Examples of the use of entropy terminology and methodology in economic research, both successful and unsuccessful, are described. It is proposed to turn to the primary sources and use the dynamics of thermodynamic and information entropy to study economic systems. It is shown how the dynamics of thermodynamic and information entropy are related to the economic behavior of socio-economic systems. The new opportunities provided by the inclusion of elements of the entropy approach in the methodology of the system economy are substantiated. Unsolved theoretical and methodological problems are identified.

Investigating Opportunities to Learn Mathematical and Graphing Skills in Imperfect Market Structures

The concept of imperfect market structures enables learners to develop mathematical and graphing skills that are needed for them to be critical thinkers and to be able to solve problems faced in their daily lives. It also provides opportunities for learners to acquire economic knowledge, which enables them to make informed economic decisions on economic events and issues they will experience as they enter the world of business and work. In spite of the importance of imperfect market structures in cultivating these skills and knowledge, learner academic achievement in economics, particularly where mathematical and graphing skills are concerned, has been regrettably poor in most countries around the globe. Hence, this qualitative study investigated the opportunities to learn mathematical and graphical skills in imperfect market structures in three selected Grade 12 economics classes. The study intended to investigate what it is that teachers do in the name of teaching and learning of mathematical and graphing skills and the reasoning behind their actions. Opportunities to Learn (OTL) is the conceptual framework which was used to determine what teachers do in the classroom that enables learners to make sense of imperfect market structures. Using the case study approach, the study was operationalised by three conveniently selected economics teachers in the Galeshewe township in South Africa. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with each of the three teachers before they conducted their classes which the researcher observed. The findings of the researcher show that little or no opportunities to learn are provided in an imperfect market structure class.

Reasons to be cheerful: Personal, civic, and economic achievements after resolving an alcohol or drug problem in the United States population.

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders impose a prodigious personal and societal burden. While most remit, little is known about the achievements accrued as people accomplish and sustain addiction recovery. Greater knowledge regarding the nature and prevalence of such achievements, when such achievements occur, what factors influence accrual of achievements, and how such achievements relate to other indices of functioning would support treatment and policy planning, and may instill hope for individuals and families seeking AOD problem resolution. Nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of United States (US) population of persons who have overcome an AOD problem (N = 2,002), assessing individual factors and achievements in 4 domains: self-improvement; family engagement; civic, and economic participation. Logistic and linear regression models tested theorized associations among variables. Most (80.1%) achieved at least one achievement associated with the 4 domains. A linear monotonic relationship was observed with greater achievements accruing with greater time in recovery. Accrual of achievements after AOD problem resolution was related to racial minority status, more education, earlier age of substance use initiation, illicit drugs as primary substance used, more years since resolving AOD problem, more psychiatric diagnoses, lower psychological distress, and regular 12-step program attendance. Multiple regression analyses found greater total achievements were independently associated with greater self-esteem, happiness, quality of life, and recovery capital. Most individuals achieve an increasing number of achievements with time since AOD problem resolution, and these are associated with gains in measures of well-being that may support ongoing AOD problem remission, and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Role of Siberia in Eurasian Stories of Russian Political and Economic Thought

Russia was and remains to be a Eurasian territory in terms of its geographic location. However, there is nothing specifically Eurasian, either ideologically, politically, culturally or economically, that would make it possible to speak seriously about Eurasianism as a basis for future international political and economic integration of different countries around Russian Siberia and – more broadly – Russia as its centre, without considerable economic achievements of Russia and serious financial inflows in the Siberian economy. The colossal space of Russian Siberia with scattered spots of current economic exploitation activity primarily designed and operated for excavation of natural resources, cannot serve the purposes of Eurasian integration in any way. There remain serious opportunities associated with the development of the Arctic territories, but they can serve Eurasian integration purposes only if large infrastructure projects are implemented that would link the southern and northern zones of Siberia into a single economic space.

Self-Concept Transformation on Senior Secondary School Students' Academic Achievement in Central Zone, Plateau State, Nigeria

Economics is one of the popular subjects in the Senior Secondary School (SSS) curriculum, and it covers the fundamental aspects of human lives concerning scarcity of resources. Proper understanding of the basic concept will enable students to realize the benefit of the subject. This study examined the effects of the self-concept transformation package on senior secondary school student's academic achievement in the quantitative aspect of Economics in Central Zone, Plateau State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental research design, the non-equivalent control- group design, was used for this study. The sample size consisted of 105 economics SS2 students from intact classes of the four sampled schools. There were 50 and 55 students in the experimental and control group, respectively. Multi-Stage Cluster sampling techniques were used for this study. The instruments used for data collection were the Multi-dimensional Self-Concept Scales (MSS) and Quantitative Economics Achievement Test (QEAT). Research questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the t-test of independent sample and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for the analysis. The results show that the self-concept transformation package positively and significantly affected students' self-concept and academic achievement in quantitative economics. The study recommended that the use of abusive words on students by Parents and guardians should be discouraged to strengthening their student's self-concept.

Education can modify the long term impact of early childhood famine exposure on adulthood economic achievement: a historical cohort study among the survivors of the great Ethiopian famine 1983\u201385

BackgroundPrevious famine studies reported the inverse link between early life nutritional deprivation and adulthood optimal health outcomes. However, there remain sparse data on the impact of early life famine exposure in later life economic achievement. Hence, we set out to examine the association of early life famine exposure on economic achievement among survivors of the 1983–85 great Ethiopian famine.MethodA historical cohort study design was employed among 968 adult men and women in the Raya Kobo district, Northern Ethiopia. Participants were categorized into in utero exposed, postnatal exposed and unexposed groups based on self-reported age and birthdate. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and individual assets. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine wealth index as proxy for economic achievement. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent effect of early life famine exposure on the outcome.ResultsIn unadjusted model, compared to unexposed cohorts, in utero and postnatal famine exposed cohorts were nearly twice more likely to fall in the lowest wealth category (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.64) and (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.45, 3.08), respectively. However, these associations became non-significant when adjusted for biologic and demographic variables (P > 0.05). Instead, educational status appeared to have significant association with wealth; those who can’t read or write among in utero and postnatal exposed group were three times more likely to fall in low wealth index category than those who achieved secondary and above level of education (OR = 3.00 95% CI: 1.74, 5.18) and (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.76), respectively. Similarly, those with primary education among in uero and postnatal famine exposed cohorts were twice more likely to fall in the low wealth index than compared to those secondary and above level of education (OR = 2.04 95% CI: (1.18, 3.54) and (OR = 2.17 95% CI: 1.12, 4.22), respectively.ConclusionEducation appears to be a significant independent factor to determine one’s economic achievement in the studied famine cohort. This may imply, the possible impact of early life famine exposure on economic achievement later in adult life could be modified through better education. Our findings justify the need of expanding education in hunger spots in general and in famine settings in particular.

Full Employment, as the Hearth of the Cultural Economics of Orban

The authors take a novel look at recent Hungarian economic policy achievements of Orban governments. Compared to the Hungarian economic policies of the 2000s and the decades after 1989 up to 2010, Orbanomics is a successful macroeconomic and social development strategy. Its measures are not simply improvisatory elements, but constitute a new framework of policymaking, what we call culturally embedded economic policymaking. Its political pedigree and context is briefly outlined. The past 10 years of Orbanomics provides an underresearched policy laboratory, in which the application of a wide-scale job guarantee program or a growth-friendly, inclusive stabilization building on the balanced budget multiplier can be studied.

Effects of Mastery and Conventional Learning Instructional Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Economics in Anambra State Public Secondary Schools, Nigeria

Effects of Mastery and Conventional Learning Instructional Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Economics in Anambra State Public Secondary Schools, Nigeria

Measuring the bias of technical change of industrial energy and environment productivity in China: a global DEA-Malmquist productivity approach.

Thanks to the booming industry, China has made a huge economic achievement during the past several decades. However, it is suffering severe environmental and sustainable problems now. To find a sustainable development path, it is necessary to assess Chinese industrial energy and environment productivity and explore the contributing reasons. It is known that the technical change is the one power that drives the growth of the industrial productivity. Nevertheless, the technical change bias of Chinese industrial energy and environment productivity has rarely been analyzed, such that the secrets of Chinese industrial energy and environment productivity cannot be further uncovered. Thus, in this paper, we first propose a global DEA-Malmquist productivity index to evaluate the industrial energy and environment productivity of China and then figure out the Chinese industrial technical change biases by relaxing the Hicks' neutral assumption and decomposing the industrial technical change. We find out that both the global DEA-Malmquist productivity and the technical change are increased. Furthermore, the technical change drives the improvement of the global Malmquist productivity, but the technical progress is mainly driven by labor, energy consumption and CO2 emission biases. A multinomial logistic model is employed to find out the reasons for these biases. It finds that (1) the economic foundation has a significant positive impact on labor bias, while the infrastructures have negative impacts on labor bias. (2) CO2 emission bias is influence by energy prices positively. (3) The energy prices and the energy consumption structure have a negative influence on labor and energy bias, but the cost of curbing air pollutants and the size of the firm influence labor and energy bias positively. (4) The infrastructures and energy prices affect energy and CO2 emission bias positively, and the economic foundation and the size of the firm have negative impacts on energy and CO2 emission bias.

Н . К . Б А Й Б А К О В – В Ы Д А Ю Щ И Й С Я Н Е Ф Т Я Н И К И Э К О Н О М И С Т (К 110-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ)

The article is devoted to the life and work of the legendary personality Nikolai Konstantinovich Baibakov. Nikolai Konstantinovich went through a long career from an oil engineer to Deputy Chairman of the government of the USSR. The figure of Nikolai Konstantinovich Baibakov is unique. He became a member of the government under Stalin, and retired under Gorbachev. At the same time, for 22 years he headed the headquarters for the management of the Soviet economy – the state planning Committee of the USSR, where he proved himself as an outstanding economist. His name is associated with major national economic achievements in the development of the country’s fuel and energy complex, industry, and agriculture. For almost a quarter of a century, he defined the strategy and guidelines for the socio-economic development of the USSR.