Sharing Economy Research Articles

Rutinitas Kerja Jurnalis Media Online Dalam Pikiran Rakyat Media Network

This study discusses the routine of journalists in producing news in online media that is based on the Pikiran Rakyat Media Network, namely Serangnews.pikiran-rakyat.com and Kabarbanten.pikiran-rakyat.com. the research is motivated by the rise of online media that join in one company carrying the concept of collaborative economy. The focus of the problems analyzed is the process of selecting issues, choosing sources and word selection in news production by journalists, communicative events in the newsroom to the editorial gatekeeping process. The research method used is qualitative research, with ethnographic methods newsroom. Researchers used Shoemaker & Reese's hierarchy of influence theory to find out what influences media content as a result of routines in the newsroom. Determination of informants using purposive sampling techniques. The results obtained that the routine of journalists in producing content is influenced by the level of individuals and media routines. But the most influential factors are at the organizational level. Because it is related to the company's policy to produce content that can generate a lot of good profits for the Serangnews editorial team.mind-people journalists and Kabarbanten.pikiran.rakyat.com as well as for PRMN as the parent company.
 Keywords: Mass Communication, Online Media, PRMN, news Attack, News banten.

Life cycle assessment of a parabolic solar cooker and comparison with conventional cooking appliances

Cooking is a basic human need and is realised worldwide using several kinds of appliances, many of them requiring the direct or indirect use of fossil fuels to operate. It thus creates large amount of greenhouse gas emissions in addition to other damages to the environment and human health. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) helps at quantifying the potential environmental impacts and at identifying the sustainable cooking practices. Here, LCA was used to evaluate the environmental performances of three western conventional cooking appliances (induction hob, electric plate and gas hob) and to compare them with those of a parabolic solar cooker declined with several materials (10 models in total). The functional unit was defined as to heat 2 L of water from room temperature to boiling temperature, three times a day, every day during 40 years. Experiments were performed to quantify the Energy consumption and the devices' composition. LCA was performed with Umberto LCA+ software with ecoinvent database, and ReCiPe method was used to for the impacts assessment with both end-point and mid-point approaches. The worst solar cooker (made on Chinese aluminium) has a cradle-to-grave climate change impact of 264 kgCO2eq while the solar device made in wood and recycled aluminium performs the best with 58 kgCO2eq. Concerning the conventional devices, the less impacting is the induction hub (847 kgCO2eq) followed by the electric plate (1085 kgCO2eq) and gas hob with the worst impact (3736 kgCO2eq), on a cradle-to-grave base. The construction stage contributes with 463, 266 and 85 kgCO2eq for the gas hob, the electric plate and the induction hob respectively. These results demonstrate that the energy consumption in the use stage is the most contributors to climate change impact. The absence of energy consumption with the solar cookers also prevent from other impacts like particulate and oxidant formation and damages on human health. Globally, the device with the highest cradle-to-grave impacts on most of the mid-point indicators (11 out of 18) is the electric plate. In comparison, the solar cookers always have lower impacts than the conventional ones except for the agricultural land occupation where the wood and Chinese aluminium parabola dominates. The impact of the latter is 161 m2·yr mainly due to the use of wood (156 m2·yr) against 95 m2·an which is the highest for the conventional cookers (electric plate). In terms of end points, the overall aggregated cradle-to-grave damage of the worst solar cooker is 25 points (Chinese aluminium), while for the cleaner conventional device is 112 points (induction hob). Among the 10 models of solar cookers, those made on wood and recycled aluminium strongly reduce the impacts compared to those fully made on aluminium. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the lifespan of the cookers, the grid's carbon intensity, the annual energy consumption for cooking and the lifespan of the structure of the aluminium solar cooker. Finally, the conditions for an ecological benefit of solar cooking were analysed as well as the economic accessibility. Overall, in almost all scenarios, the solar cooker is ecologically beneficial, although its environmental performance depends on the composing materials and the frequency of use. These results demonstrate that solar cooking can be considered as a credible sustainable cooking practice.

Security-Development Nexus: A Review of Ethiopia’s Security Challenges since 2018

This paper reviews the security challenges that Ethiopia has faced since 2018 and analyzes the relationship between security and development in the country. The various security challenges, such as political instability, ethnic conflicts, terrorism, economic challenges, and natural disasters, have had a negative impact on Ethiopia's economic growth, poverty reduction, and access to basic services. The paper also discusses the strategies and initiatives that Ethiopia has implemented to address these challenges and promote sustainable development. Additionally, the paper identifies opportunities for enhancing security and promoting development in Ethiopia, including measures to address ethnic tensions promotes economic growth and reduces poverty, enhance disaster preparedness and response, strengthen democratic governance, and support regional integration. The paper concludes that addressing Ethiopia's security challenges requires a comprehensive approach that considers the underlying root causes of insecurity while promoting sustainable development.

Terms «medicines availability» and «accessibility of medical devices» and patent law

State strategic and regulatory documents in healthcare use the terms “medicines availability” and “accessibility of medical devices”. However, there are neither any definitions of these term, nor there are specific details in those documents. Currently, the issue is especially relevant when legal mechanisms of compulsory licensing and the use of patents without the consent of patent holders for national security benefits need to be straightened. The article discusses the need for deeper understanding of the terms in the Russian legal system. Based on comprehensive analyses, the basic criteria, characterizing the availability of medical goods are highlighted along with the expediency of taking into account these criteria with possible limitations of patent holders’ exclusive rights in respect of medicines and medical devices Thus, taking into account the specification of physical and economic accessibility criteria, as well as other identified parameters proposed for discussion of the terms “medicines availability” and “accessibility of medical devices” by the expert community.

Technology and digital transformation for the structural reform of the sports industry: Building the roadmap

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, has accelerated technological immersion into society, economy and public administrations. The sports organisations are no strangers to this digitisation and must carry out their own digital transformation. However, investment in digital technology must be preceded by a diagnosis of the technological needs of each sports entity. Said mapping will help organisations know the most appropriate technological tools for their core businesses so they can properly design their digital transformation strategies. The objectives of this study were to design and create a tool to understand the digital structure of Spanish sports. The result has been the configuration of an instrument that includes the description of different technologies and different digital competencies specific to the sports industry, and which allows individuals to know the use, importance, perceived difficulty of use and economic accessibility of available technologies, as well as the degree of developed competency in the different sports organisations. It is concluded that the creation and application of a consultation instrument on digitalisation is the first and necessary step to carry out relevant, in-depth, valid and replicable research, which allows information to be gathered on the digitalisation needs of sports organisations to design their digital transformation roadmap and that the aids for digital transformation is distributed efficiently.

Metal‐Free Ring‐Opening of Epoxides

AbstractEpoxide ring is considered as an efficient structural toolbox to access 1,2‐difunctionalised compounds. Epoxide precursors are highly susceptible towards nucleophiles owing to its inherent ring strain. Metal free methodologies for epoxides ring opening with various nucleophiles provide an easy, economic and sustainable access to synthetically and biologically important 1,2‐difunctionalized compounds without harming the environment. This article highlights step by step development of various strategies for the ring opening of epoxides without the use of metal from last two decades. Use of water, ionic liquids, cyclodextrins and organocatalyts for the ring opening reactions of epoxide have been discussed in detail.

Elevating B2B Mobility with Sharing Autonomous Electric Vehicles: Exploring Prerequisite Criteria and Innovative Business Models

The transition towards a circular economy compels manufacturing companies in the transportation industry to reassess how they create, deliver, and capture value for their customers. Autonomous electric vehicles, with their advanced connectivity, autonomy, and efficiency, offer innovative business opportunities and services. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the sharing of autonomous electric vehicles in the business-to-business (B2B) market, particularly for industrial manufacturing companies. This study aims to identify the prerequisite criteria and potential innovative business models for sharing autonomous electric vehicles within a B2B context. To investigate this phenomenon, the study employs a case study approach within the heavy-duty vehicle industry, which involves a vehicle manufacturer and customers from a specific industry sector. The findings reveal that economic gain, service quality, and accessibility serve as prerequisite criteria for sharing autonomous electric vehicles in a B2B context. Furthermore, by leveraging a morphological framework, the study outlines five business model scenarios to explore the potential of sharing autonomous electric vehicles in enhancing B2B mobility. This research contributes to the field of business model innovation in a B2B context by introducing a model that delineates both the prerequisite criteria and potential business model concepts for the B2B sharing of autonomous electric vehicles.

Efficient Syntheses of (S)- and (R)-β-Proline

AbstractA facile, efficient, and economical synthesis of both β-proline enantiomers starting from trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is reported. Light-promoted radical Barton decarboxylation and nitrile introduction at C4 followed by hydrolysis gives the desired products in high optical purity. These routes should be of interest to those seeking economical access to β-proline for multiple applications.

Analysis on the Financial Management Transformation of Private Enterprises under the Sharing Economy Model

People's minds are deeply entrenched in the sharing economy due to the Internet's popularity. Against the backdrop of the sharing economy, in order to achieve the increase in economic benefits, a number of private companies are beginning to prioritise the transformation of financial management in order to optimise their operating condition. As an integral part of our economic market, private enterprises must adapt to the needs of The Times and consider ways to restructure their financial management under the sharing economy model in order to increase their competitiveness. Using the literature review method and the case analysis method, this paper explains the significance of the sharing economy model to the financial management of private enterprises, analyses the existing problems in the financial management of private enterprises, and offers pertinent recommendations.

The Development of the Shared Umbrella Project Based on the Sharing Economy

The Development of the Shared Umbrella Project Based on the Sharing Economy

Framework for Environmental and Socially Responsible Economic Growth

Objective: Sustainable development is being propelled forward by a confluence of factors, social commerce efforts, the collaborative economy, and education. With steady agricultural production capacities, there is a growing need to increase the intensity of food over product production. The main drawbacks of this are current global population situation, profitability of the consumer sector and the issue of insecurity. The rising cost of food is another issue that has motivated researchers to look for ways to improve agricultural productivity through the use of cutting-edge technology. All of these factors could significantly impact the future of sustainable development and social enterprise. Consequently, this aims on the lookout for creative answers how to boost output without significantly raising prices based on social economics. New business models are being established on the back of ideas like social commerce, the collaborative economy, and virtual currencies, in which people are looking for ways to redistribute wealth more fairly through exchanges of equity, trust, and collaboration.
 
 Method: The purpose of this research is to examine how these factors contribute to sustainable growth by developing Legal Framework for Socially Sustainable Economic Development [LF-SSED]. As a result, the use of cutting-edge technologies in digital transformation, it might be an important milestone in the business world, ushering in new ways of doing things and unlocking dormant potential.
 
 Result: To begin, it is necessary to define some of the more essential concepts in this research.
 
 Conclusion: Preparing students to take advantage of environmentally friendly development and economic prospects brought forth by technological progress is a top priority a constructivist approach centered on the learner is then used.

Biological Properties and Antimicrobial Potential of Cocoa and Its Effects on Systemic and Oral Health.

Cocoa is considered a functional food because it is a natural source of macro- and micronutrients. Thus, cocoa is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, methylxanthines and flavonoids. In addition to favoring the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, the bioactive components of cocoa can have an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, providing numerous benefits for health. This literature review presents an overview of the effects of cocoa, fruit of the Theobroma cacao tree, on systemic and oral health. Several studies report that cocoa intake may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, immunological, inflammatory, metabolic and bone diseases, in addition to reducing the risk of vascular alterations and cognitive dysfunctions. On oral health, in vitro studies have shown that cocoa extract exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth, adherence and metabolism of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria, also inhibiting acid production, glycosyltransferase enzyme activity and the synthesis of insoluble polysaccharides. Additionally, administration of cocoa extract reduced biofilm accumulation and caries development in animals infected with cariogenic species. Clinical studies also reported that the use of mouthwashes containing cocoa extract reduced Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva and dental biofilm formation. In short, these studies highlight the nutritional value of cocoa, considering its clinical applicability, stability and economic accessibility.

Interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy operational competitiveness rating model for assessing the metaverse integration options of sharing economy in transportation sector

The rise of the sharing economy (SE) has enabled new forms of urban mobility and had a substantial impact on the transportation sector. The applications of SE transportation lessen vehicle ownership and single-occupancy vehicles, which contributes to the sustainability of a region. Metaverse is a digital ecosystem that integrates SE applications with transportation sector and improves the sustainability of SE applications. The aim of this work is to assess and prioritize the Metaverse integration options of sharing economy from multiple criteria and uncertainty perspectives. In this regard, the proposed study develops a four stage decision-making method on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy (IVPF) setting. First, new score function is proposed to compare the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (IVPFNs) and further used to derive the weights of decision experts in the proposed method. Second, some IVPF interaction aggregation operators are proposed to aggregate the individual’s information in group decision-making. Third, an integrated weighting process is presented to obtain the objective weights of criteria using cross entropy-based formula and subjective weights by relative closeness coefficient-based model with IVPF information. For this purpose, a cross entropy is introduced for interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Fourth, a hybrid operational competitiveness ratings assessment (OCRA) model is developed to rank the alternatives with IVPF information. Moreover, a case study of Metaverse integration options of sharing economy in transportation sector is taken to express the practicability and effectiveness of the presented method. Sensitivity analysis with respect to various values of parameter is discussed to reveal the stability of outcomes. It is also compared with some extant models to validate the superiority of developed method.

AI-Based Platform Design for Complex Thinking Assessment: A Case Study of an Ideathon Using the Transition Design Approach

Emerging Artificial Intelligence-enhanced technology platforms in education warrant attention to exploring new learning strategies and dynamics. Keeping up with the accelerating momentum to bring classic traditional learning activities to Artificial Intelligence-supported platforms may unbalance the interest in developing the participants’ higher-order thinking. This article presents case study research of an Artificial Intelligence-based technological platform to measure complex thinking traits of higher education participants in an Ideathon learning scenario. The didactical strategy was grounded in the Transition Design approach, with Sharing Economy as the challenge. An overview of the process for developing Artificial Intelligence-supported activities, the challenges and risks identified in the development, and a classification model and enhancements for future implementation in a subsequent pilot are presented. The findings set a guideline for balancing Artificial Intelligence-powered educational activities and the development of the participants’ complex thinking.

The sharing economy in a post-Covid-19 world: Insights from Islamic economic history

Purpose – The Covid-19 and climate change crises have increased attention to building a more circular global economy. This paper analyses the insufficiency of the linear economy growth model in a post-Covid-19 world and sheds light on the role of the sharing/collaborative economy in the post-Covid-19 socio-economic recovery.Methodology – An explanatory approach is employed to broaden the theoretical idea of the Sharing Economy (SE) as a contemporary concept by delving into the historical applications and motivations of sharing and collaborative practices in the Islamic economy and hunter-gather societies.Findings – Although contemporary sharing economy platforms are credited with the sharing economy concept, history shows that pre-modern societies have used sharing concepts to maximize efficiency in allocating resources, and collaborative consumption predates the digital economy. The paper also finds that adopting Islamic economy ideologies for social solidarity could address contemporary sharing economy models' challenges.Implications – The paper fills a gap in the literature by learning from historical sharing practices and adopting Islamic economy ideologies for social solidarity; the sharing economy could contribute significantly to building a circular global economy.Originality – By delving into the historical applications and motivations of sharing and collaborative practices in the Islamic economy and hunter-gatherer societies, this paper brings a unique perspective that is rarely studied.

Food security's broken link: The misalignment of stakeholder priorities in agriculture and nutrition in Vihiga County, Kenya

Global food security will exist when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Today, about 2 billion of the 7.96 billion people on Earth are food insecure. Food insecurity is still a challenge in Kenya despite different sectors' interventions in nutrition and agriculture. This study sought to identify programs and stakeholders who are influential on food security by analyzing farmers' participation in programs, the link between agriculture and nutrition goals, factors that influence the success of programs, and the impact of policy on food security. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design using mixed methods of data collection. Qualitative data were obtained from thirty purposively selected stakeholders through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The themes formed from the qualitative data were analyzed manually, and verbatim quotes were used to explain the findings. Additionally, two hundred and seventy-three structured questionnaires were administered to farmers to collect quantitative data. The data revealed that (75%) of farmers were beneficiaries of key programs. Pearson's chi-square test gave x^2(4, n=273)>=91.045, with a p-value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05, indicates a strong relationship between education level and farmers' awareness of key agricultural programs. The primary motivation in agriculture production was income generation, but the nutritional value of the food was overlooked. Poor collaboration among stakeholders was shown to not only result in unequal program coverage but also pose an obstacle in aligning agricultural programs with local nutrition demands. Moreover, although food and agriculture policies are in place, gaps exist in implementing and adhering to these policies. It was revealed that budget allocation to the agriculture sector is at (2.4 %) which is still a quarter way to the international commitment of (10%). Lastly, land ownership limitations hinder smallholder farmers' ability to meet income and nutrition needs, as approximately a third of those surveyed (n=136, 35.5%) reported owning less than 0.5 acres of land. It is, therefore, necessary to build the capacity to support smart agriculture, using technological methods to increase productivity on small land. Additionally, stakeholders must create policy strategies, collaboration and program distribution mechanisms to promote nutrition and agriculture to improve food security. Key words: Agriculture, Food Security, Influence, Linkage, Nutrition, Program, Policy, Stakeholders

Equity of spatial access to polling stations in selected regions in Ghana: are economically disadvantaged populations handicapped in their electoral access?

ABSTRACT Equity of access to electoral polling stations (EPS) is a key to enhancing the legitimacy of elections in democratic governance. A crucial characteristic of this equity is the level of spatial access to EPS and its distribution among populations and related socio-economic determinants. This study investigates the disparities of access to EPS for four selected regions in Ghana. The findings show that economic status and access to EPS are inversely related, indicating that access to EPS is not equitable within and between regions. The poor access for economically disadvantaged populations is indicative of unequal access to basic socioeconomic opportunities.

Environmental Factors Associated With Sarcopenia : A Systematic Review

Introduction: Elderly is a vulnerable population that is prone to sarcopenia which is associated with the loss of muscle mass, strength and function which are some of the diseases that affect the elderly. The association between environmental factors with sarcopenia should be explored as it has the potential to influence the health and disability of a person. At present, limited research is conducted to investigate the association that could be attributed to the complex interaction between human and environmental interactions. Hence this review is conducted to identify the environmental factors associated with sarcopenia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and manual search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. We used articles that had been written in English and relevant articles were then screened, duplicates were removed, eligibility criteria were applied, and studies that met the criteria were reviewed. The keywords environmental factors, pollutants food environment, neighbourhood environment, locality and sarcopenia were included. Results: Initial search generated 934 publications and 12 articles were included after the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review. In this review, environmental factors associated with sarcopenia are divided into 3 themes that comprises of food environment (availability and physical access, economic access and food quality and safety), neighbourhood environment and pollutants. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed an association between the food environment, neighbourhood environment and pollutants with sarcopenia. The findings are salient as they could aid policymakers in formulating the necessary strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with sarcopenia, especially with the increase in the ageing population globally. Keywords: Environmental factors - elderly - sarcopenia

The Development of the Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM)

Due to the advancements in real-time information communication technologies and sharing economies, rideshare services have gained significant momentum by offering dynamic and/or on-demand services. Rideshare service companies evolved from personal rideshare, where riders traveled solo or with known individuals, into pooled rideshare (PR), where riders can travel with one to multiple unknown riders. Similar to other shared economy services, pooled rideshare is beneficial as it efficiently utilizes resources, resulting in reduced energy usage, as well as reduced costs for the riders. However, previous research has demonstrated that riders have concerns about using pooled rideshare, especially regarding personal safety. A U.S. national survey with 5385 participants was used to understand human factor-related barriers and user preferences to develop a novel Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM). This model used a covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM) to identify the relationships between willingness to consider PR factors (time/cost, privacy, safety, service experience, and traffic/environment) and optimizing one’s experience of PR factors (vehicle technology/accessibility, convenience, comfort/ease of use, and passenger safety), resulting in the higher-order factor trust service. We examined the factors’ relative contribution to one’s willingness/attitude towards PR and user acceptance of PR. Privacy, safety, trust service, and convenience were statistically significant factors in the model, as were the comfort/ease of use factor and the service experience, traffic/environment, and passenger safety factors. The only two non-significant factors in the model were time/cost and vehicle technology/accessibility; it is only when a rider feels safe that individuals then consider the additional non-significant variables of time, cost, technology, and accessibility. Privacy, safety, and service experience were factors that discouraged the use of PR, whereas the convenience factor greatly encouraged the acceptance of PR. Despite the time/cost factor’s lack of significance, individual items related to time and cost were crucial when viewed within the context of convenience. This highlights that while user perceptions of privacy and safety are paramount to their attitude towards PR, once safety concerns are addressed, and services are deemed convenient, time and cost elements significantly enhance their trust in pooled rideshare services. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of user acceptance of PR services and offers actionable insights for policymakers and rideshare companies to improve their services and increase user adoption.

Особенности биоэлектрической активности ретросплениальной коры головного мозга

Human brain is one of the most difficult organs to study. The possibility of developing the technologies that have sufficient scientific accuracy and economic accessibility and never violate the moral and ethical standards of human society is of great interest. The study was aimed to study the possibility of assessing the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) structures’ activity based on the EEG analysis of brain activity in the alpha frequency range in 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 29.1 years, no acute central nervous system disorders or exacerbation of chronic central nervous system disorders, severe traumatic brain injuries, mental disorders or epilepsy. Significant source localizations were obtained by solving the EEG inverse problem that could be used for identification of the cerebral retrosplenial cortex structures’ bioelectric activity. The use of such technology will allow us to expand the scope of the research focused on assessing the brain functional activity in both research and clinical centers, thereby paving the way for understanding the features of the brain structures’ activity in physiologically normal conditions and in individuals with mental disorders caused by various functional alterations in the brain.