Ecological Sensitive Areas Research Articles

A comprehensive geospatial assessment of seagrass distribution in India

The study deals with the first comprehensive spatial distribution and area estimate of seagrass patches of India with a standardized methodology. Seagrass patches are mainly located in Palk Bay – Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu), Gulf of Kachchh (Gujarat), Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep. Medium resolution satellite images of Landsat 8 OLI were subjected to radiometric, atmospheric and water column correction prior to digital classification and contextual editing. Total estimated seagrass area amounts to 516.59 km2 of which Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar of Tamil Nadu together contribute to 398.81 km2. Overall classification accuracy for the six sites studied, ranged between 64% (Lakshadweep Islands) and 83.5% (Palk Bay). This suggests that for surveillance studies of homogeneous seagrass meadows with low interspersion of other benthic units such as corals, seaweeds etc., digital mapping using medium resolution data sets with mandatory attenuation correction procedures is suitable. The results of this study and the related area statistics were accepted as a baseline at national level for the delineation of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA) and in the formulation of its conservation strategies. For a cursory appraisal of the status of major seagrass regions, a matrix representation of its locational occurrence and habitat characteristics is provided.

Establishment of Marine Protected Areas to Reduce Watercraft Impacts in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey

ABSTRACT Lathrop, R.G.; Bognar, J.; Buenaventura, E.; Ciappi, M.; Green, E., and Belton, T.J., 2017. Establishment of marine protected areas to reduce watercraft impacts in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. In: Buchanan, G.A.; Belton, T.J., and Paudel, B. (eds.), A Comprehensive Assessment of Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. To help address the adverse effects associated with motorized boating activities in the Barnegat Bay National Estuary, New Jersey, a network of marine protected areas was identified to receive special consideration and management. Officially designated in spring 2012, the boundaries for these ecologically sensitive areas (ESAs) were based on best professional judgment and a geographic information system–based assessment using extant maps of habitat natural features, including shellfish beds, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), presence of endangered species, and proximity to bird nesting areas. The need for and the subsequent effectiveness of ESA designation in managing the adverse...

基于生态安全格局的南京都市区生态控制边界划定

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于生态安全格局的南京都市区生态控制边界划定 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201701230185 作者: 作者单位: 南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51478217，31670470） Development of ecological control boundaries in Nanjing metropolis district based on ecological security patterns Author: Affiliation: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University,School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以南京都市区为例，通过生态敏感性分析获取了研究区既有的高生态敏感空间，采用最小费用路径方法辨识了对研究区具有重要生态意义的潜在生态廊道和生态关键区，采用图谱理论中的景观连接度指数辅助确定生态廊道宽度，构建了研究区潜在的生态网络。在此基础上，整合既有和潜在生态空间，科学划定生态控制边界，实现了研究区现存和潜在的重要自然生态空间保护。研究结果表明：1）生态敏感性分析能够识别出研究区既有的高生态敏感性区域，并指出其呈现出"大而孤立，小且分散，连接性不佳"的空间特征。2）遴选出的71处生态源地、119条重要廊道和61个关键生态斑块共同组成了研究区的生态网络，显著提升了原有生态空间的景观连接性和研究区域的总体生态安全水平。3）生态网络分析可以弥补敏感性分析只考虑既有自然生态空间的局限，二者的组合使用可为不同尺度上生态控制边界的划定提供简明的分析框架。研究结果可为南京都市区生态控制线划定和生态环境保护提供重要的参考，对其他城市生态控制边界的划定也具有一定的借鉴意义。 Abstract:Developing ecological control boundaries is an effective way to protect ecological space, maintain regional ecological security patterns, and control urban sprawl. However, previous studies on the methods to develop ecological control boundaries usually only considered the existing high ecological sensitive areas and neglected potential ecological spaces. Potential ecological spaces usually offer significant contribution in maintaining the balance of urban and regional ecosystems via ecological connectivity. By not considering potential ecological spaces, the designated ecological units become isolated habitat islands and the ecological vulnerability of the city or region increases. Taking the Nanjing metropolis district as a case study, and from the perspective of ecological security, the present study attempted to present a new method to develop ecological control boundaries by integrating ecological sensitivity analysis with ecological networks analysis. These ecological control boundaries aimed to protect the existing and potential important ecological spaces simultaneously in the study area. An eco-sensitivity index system was first established by selecting nine indexes based on local conditions, with the highly sensitive ecological spaces of the study area obtained with spatial analysis in Geographical Information System (GIS). The potential ecological networks were developed with the least-cost path method and supported by GIS. The results revealed that:1) ecological sensitivity analysis was effective in identifying the existing high ecological sensitivity spaces, with the spatial pattern of high ecological sensitivity areas demonstrating that no matter how large or small, ecological sensitivity patches are usually isolated and scattered; and 2) by considering the ecological sensitivity areas simultaneously, 71 sources, 119 important corridors, and 61 key ecological patches were selected to develop the ecological networks. The developed ecological networks can significantly enhance the original landscape connectivity, and can effectively improve overall ecological security both at the urban and regional scales. After the analysis, further suggestions were provided for planning and improvement of the ecological control boundaries in the Nanjing metropolis district. The study indicated that ecological sensitivity analysis could capture the established natural status effectively but neglect the importance of potential ecological connectivity; however, ecological network analysis could make up for this shortcoming perfectly. Therefore, combining ecological sensitivity analysis with ecological networks analysis as performed in the present study is very useful and is a good method to develop ecological control boundaries on different scales. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Analysis of the Illegal Landfills Ocurrence in La Palma Island, Spain.

The proliferation of Illegal landfills (IL) has negative impacts on the environment and the economy, especially in both, ecological sensitive and touristic areas. This work focuses on the characterization of illegal landfills located in La Palma Island. 153 IL were obtained through field work and the visual interpretation of digital ortho-images at a spatial resolution 0.5 m for 2012 and 2015. This information was included within a geospatial database together with a set of 150 potential explanatory features of different typology: type of waste, surveillance and control, socioeconomics, accessibility, distance to elements of interest, visibility and terrain features. Multivariate analyses such as exploratory analysis (EA), factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to assess the degree of association between the explanatory features and the IL occurrence. AF explained a cumulative variance of 82.34% considering 7 factors (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test: 0.71). AD showed a canonical correlation of 0.78. AD leaded to discriminating between affected areas and non-affected areas using features such as: population density, slope, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or distance to agricultural areas or distance to urban centers. Additionally, AF identified the former features as the main drivers of IV occurrence.

Mangroves of Maputo, Mozambique: from Threatened to Thriving?

Coastal wetlands worldwide are among the most productive yet highly threatened systems in the world, and are framed and protected by the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971), of which Mozambique is a party since 2004 (IUCN, 1971). Maputo city coastline consists of an ample alluvial plane, where large extensions of mangrove forests occur within the city, namely the Costa do Sol wetlands, offering a wide range of ecological and economical services. Here, urban development pressure is increasing and rapidly changing dynamics are creating new urban settings, pressing in ecological sensitive areas of Maputo’s coastline. The functions of the still existing ecosystems and positive effects that these can have within the urban environment are relevant to be known and investigated in light of the greenway principles. Through the landscape architecture lens, insights on the service capacity of these mangroves in terms of conservation strategies, local perception, usage and management, and design possibilities are added, which can contribute to maintain and expand the high urban quality that is historically attached to Maputo city.

The New Town Development in Ecological Sensitive Area Based on Resilience Thinking

Resilience thinking is the basis to guide the ecological sensitive area sustainable development. Resilience thinking revolves around system changes and to ignore or resist change makes us more susceptible to damage. The research attempts to apply resilience thinking in new town development in ecological sensitive areas. In particular, the paper proposes to impose ecological capacity control and projection of construction scales in the planning stage, to build an operational index system between planning and implementation, to avail the feedback mechanism in decision-making, and to ensure accurate implementation of the plan.

The spatial optimization of mineral industrial capacity reduction planning of resource-based cities in China based on ecological sensitive areas

The spatial optimization of mineral industrial capacity reduction planning of resource-based cities in China based on ecological sensitive areas

IARJSET - Science, Engineering and Technology

This article aims to identification and delineation the lineament in Vijayawada Guntur Tenali Mangalagiri (VGTM) Region. The total area of VGTM Region is 20130.50 sq.kms. It is assessed based on the data retrieved from Satellite Imagery, Survey of India and conventional methods. This area is under Seismic Zone-III and 26 minor lineament are been Identified by the Earthquake Engineering Research Centre (EERC), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, India. This process involves the overlapping of different material and analysis where the lineaments exist which further leads to the demarcation of the area. This study is conducted by using gravity data, remotely sensed imagery and recent field studies. These lineaments are represented in the form of tree diagram, with linear or circular form of disturbance generated in the tectonic fractures in the earth bedrock. Furthermore, the use of these studies could be combined to focus on the lineament based on Vijayawada Guntur Tenali Mangalagiri (VGTM) region which could represent the geologically fractured area and eminently provides us with ground water potential. These studies could result in developing new dimension to understand and study the topography, drainage and vegetation patterns of earth geology for means of preserving the parcel of land and its natural resources in the form of different wetlands and ecological sensitive areas. The main barrier in the study is identifying the morphological pattern and vegetation which can be observed through satellite imageries and can be enhanced by using remote sensing spatial data. These findings can be used as a guidance for the understanding the potential of ground water availability, vegetation pattern, soil distribution along with many other environmental factors including thermal comfort zones, Heat Island Effect and ecologically sensitive areas.

Threats to the Conservation of Wetlands in Ghana: The Case of Songor Ramsar Site

Wetlands are important ecosystems internationally recognized, as exemplified by the Ramsar Convention of 1971. They are diverse in terms of habitat, biota, distribution, functions and uses. Many wetlands have lost their pristine quality and have been transformed to modified ecosystems, but their salient role in the ecosystem function cannot be replaced. Over exploitation due to developmental activities and over dependents on their values for livelihood are threatening their existence. Presently, there are five sites with a surface area 178,410 hectares designated as wetlands of international importance, in Ghana. These sites are located in the strategic area of the country which includes the Densu Delta, Muni Lagoon, Anlo-Keta Lagoon Complex, Sakumo Original Research Article Adu-Kumi et al.; JSRR, 6(1): 13-25, 2015; Article no.JSRR.2015.127 14 Lagoon and the Songor Lagoon. These wetlands are an ecologically valuable resources with diverse fauna including marine turtles, avocets, terns and other migratory or wintering wildlife species. However, overexploitation and dependency as well as developmental activities on their values for livelihood are threatening their existence. The Songor Lagoon Ramsar site inhabits over 87,000 people in its ecological sensitive area putting enormous pressure on the natural resource and therefore endangering the existence of the species and their habitats. Therefore a study to investigate the environmental impact of the socio-economic activities on the wetlands has been deemed necessary in order to recommend sustainable measures for the restoration of such sites. This study used a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies to gather both primary and secondary data. Simple random sampling, descriptive and inferential statistics were all employed in data analysis as well as interpretative technique also. The results indicate that about 92% of the respondents heavily depend on Songor wetland for livelihoods. It was also in established that, 52% of the inhabitants are involved in fishing with chemicals whiles 60% also reclaims the land by using sand for construction in the site. Consequently, wetland resources have been overexploited and degraded, leading to frequent flood and storm attacks. In conclusion, access to the wetland by the public to undertake activities has made its management on sustainable basis difficult for the management authority. It is therefore recommended that, awareness should be created about the values of the wetland among the community members, also environmental impact assessment should be done before any project is carried out in the site, and the local authorities should formulate a policy or review existing regulations to provide a legal framework for sustainable utilization of the resource and access to critical areas in the Ramsar site.

Regional Ecological Security Assessment: A Case Study of Tongling City,Anhui Province

The focus of this study is to assess regional ecological security, based on a method of combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation and the ecosystem services evaluation of Tongling City, China. This approach may reduce the possible errors caused by basing the assessment on only one of these two evaluation methods. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and rectified ESV (Ecosystem Services Value) methods were employed in this study with the support of SPSS, RS and ARCGIS. The study showed the following results: the ecological sensitive area is mainly located among the wetland concentrated areas along the river in the north and the forested and green spaces within and around the city, and the area with the highest value is the mountainous areas in the south; the northern wetland area along the river and the southern forested mountain area have high ecosystem services value. Finally, the study identified the ecologically fragile and important services areas, and offered a reliable reference for Tongling’s ecological protection and urban growth decisions by dividing the ecological security evaluation areas into areas with low, mid and high ecological security levels.

Physical and biogeochemical controls on light attenuation in a eutrophic, back-barrier estuary

Abstract. Light attenuation is a critical parameter governing the ecological function of shallow estuaries. In these systems primary production is often dominated by benthic macroalgae and seagrass; thus light penetration to the bed is of primary importance. We quantified light attenuation in three seagrass meadows in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, a shallow eutrophic back-barrier estuary; two of the sites were located within designated Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs). We sequentially deployed instrumentation measuring photosynthetically active radiation, chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence, dissolved organic matter fluorescence (fDOM; a proxy for colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorbance), turbidity, pressure, and water velocity at 10 min intervals over 3-week periods at each site. At the southernmost site, where sediment availability was highest, light attenuation was highest and dominated by turbidity and to a lesser extent chl a and CDOM. At the central site, chl a dominated followed by turbidity and CDOM, and at the northernmost site turbidity and CDOM contributed equally to light attenuation. At a given site, the temporal variability of light attenuation exceeded the difference in median light attenuation between the three sites. Vessel wakes, anecdotally implicated in increasing sediment resuspension, did not contribute to local resuspension within the seagrass beds, though frequent vessel wakes were observed in the channels. With regards to light attenuation and water clarity, physical and biogeochemical variables appear to outweigh any regulation of boat traffic within the ESAs.

An ecological review of the WGEEP report (2011) and environmental management planning in India

Purpose – The Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, set up the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) in March 2010 to provide guidelines for improved management within the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. The WGEEP's Mandate was to identify ecologically sensitive areas (ESAs). The Panel submitted their report in 2011 but it remained unimplemented. It was not clear whether the delay was due to the unwillingness of civil society to accept ambitious environment management plans, or whether the report had shortcomings. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors undertook a critique of the WGEEP report and its Mandate, to evaluate key issues that could have prevented its implementation. Findings – The analysis indicated that the WGEEP Mandate was ill-defined and the WGEEP report identified ESAs without providing a working definition. The absence of critical review of earlier environment management failures, the delayed dialogue with civil society, the absence of legislative foundation upon which such a management plan could be implemented, and the vague definition of ESAs were possibly the reasons for the unease among various stakeholders. Originality/value – The paper stresses that in order for large-scale biodiversity management projects to succeed, it is important that first, the civil society understands the project's objective before its initiation, second stakeholders are formally involved alongside ecological experts and third, that methods are critically reviewed. The lack of acceptance of the report cannot be dismissed only as a rejection of enlightened practices.

Influence of important near field processes on the source term of suspended sediments from a dredging plume caused by a trailing suction hopper dredger: the effect of dredging speed, propeller, overflow location and pulsing

Detailed Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results are presented on near field mixing of overflow dredging plumes generated at a Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD). Special attention is given to the generation of a surface plume. A surface plume is that part of the dredging plume which separates from the main plume body and ends up near the free surface. A surface plume can stay suspended for hours and during this time it can be transported to ecological sensitive areas around a dredging site. Hence, for a correct environmental impact assessment of a dredging project with TSHD’s it is important to understand near field mixing and thus obtain a correct estimate for the source term of suspended sediments formed by the surface plume. The detailed LES are used to investigate systematically the influence of dredging speed, overflow location, propeller and pulsing frequency (caused by ship motions) on near field mixing of dredging plumes and the generation of a surface plume. LES results are validated with experimental results. The investigated variations have significant influence on the development of the dredging overflow plume in general and surface plume in particular. With normal dredging speed the surface plume varied between 0 and 2 % of the overflow flux with maximum time averaged prototype-SSC (suspended sediment concentration) levels of 1–31 mg/l at the free surface at a horizontal distance $$x/D\,=\,100$$ ( $$D$$ is initial plume diameter). With high dredging speed the surface plume varied between 0.2 and 18 % with maximum time averaged prototype-SSC levels of 10–352 mg/l at the free surface. The large range in surface plume percentage indicates the importance of detailed near field modelling including all significant processes for a correct estimate of the source term of suspended sediment from a dredging plume. All results are obtained without influence of a bed, hence in shallow areas the amount of surface plume could be larger.

Xiangjiaba Reservoir Ecological Operation Preliminary Study Based on Genetic Algorithm

Traditional reservoir scheduling guarantees efficient utilization of water resources and maximizes hydropower station operation efficiency. However it doesn’t consider the surrounding ecological environment demand. Ecological operation which is based on Traditional reservoir scheduling makes the reservoir achieve long-term, sustainable operation and reduce adverse impacts on the ecological environment. Xiangjiaba reservoir is the ties of the downstream of jinsha river and the Yangtze river which is located in jinsha river basin ecological sensitive area. So the completion of the Xiangjiaba reservoir must result in unhealthy ecological environment impact. With traditional genetic algorithm (GA) encoding complexity and being easy to fall into local convergence limitation, put forward a kind of improved convergence of genetic algorithm, the improved genetic algorithm with real number coding and fitness function which is converted into a nonlinear trigonometric function selection operator. Select the adaptive crossover probability and mutation probability adjust, in order to improve the convergence of the algorithm. RVA method is used to calculate the IHA index upper and lower threshold value and the upper and lower threshold could value as the constraint conditions of ecological scheduling objective function model. The results show that the improved genetic algorithm converge makes the global optimal solution ability stronger and faster; RVA method is suitable for the jinshajiang river and results are more comprehensive and more reasonable.

基于OWA的低丘缓坡建设开发适宜性评价——以云南大理白族自治州为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于OWA的低丘缓坡建设开发适宜性评价——以云南大理白族自治州为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312233004 作者: 作者单位: 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京大学城市与环境学院,北京大学城市与环境学院,北京大学城市与环境学院,北京大学城市与环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国土资源部公益性行业科研专项经费课题（201311001-2） Suitability assessment for building land consolidation on gentle hillside based on OWA operator：a case in Dali Bai Nationality Borough in Yunnan, China Author: Affiliation: Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:山区城市在城镇化、粮食安全、生态保护的多重要求下，有必要探索将基本农田以外的低丘缓坡山地开发为建设用地的可行性和限制性。研究选取涵盖景观风险和灾害风险的共12个空间化指标，基于有序加权平均（ordered weighted averaging，OWA）方法，以大理白族自治州为例进行低丘缓坡区域建设开发适宜性评价。通过设置不同位序权重表征评价者偏好，结果表明：在指标风险程度的可信度较高的情况下，农用地、城镇、断裂带、河流等高风险指标权重被加大，空间特征明显；在指标风险程度的可信度较低的情况下，评价结果的空间均质性增强。通过模拟城镇建设导向、维持现有政策、风险控制导向3种适宜性分区情景，得出在城镇建设导向下应优先开发中小城镇，在风险控制导向下应优先保证大城市合理扩展。评价结果可以描述在城市的不同发展阶段如何构建政策权衡后的城镇化空间格局，满足了不同决策思路下的建设用地开发布局需求。 Abstract:Under the multiple requirements of urbanization, food security and ecosystem management, it is necessary to explore the feasibilities and limitations on how to develop building land on gentle hillside in mountain cities. In the process of mountain development, the ecological sensitive area should be prevented from human interferences and human health from disaster threats. In this study, 12 spatial indices were selected which can represent the landscape and disaster risks in order to find the suitable degree of building land development on gentle hillside. Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators are usually used to model a family of parameterized decision strategies, which can be applied to route planning to provide more realistic results. In this method the optimistic degree can be quantified by the ordered weight. In an optimistic preference, the function of the relatively important indices is magnified; while in a pessimistic preference, the importance is relatively ignored. OWA algorithm can be used to conduct the scenario simulations of the feasibility of various construction land under different preferences,which is apparently able to reduce the impact of a single result of a subjective perception by decision-makers, and thus can well reflect the changes of evaluation result led by the slight adjustment of regional policies. In this study, Dali Bai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture was chosen as the study area, and OWA operators were adopted to measure the suitability of building land construction on gentle hillside. By setting up different ordered weights, scenarios can be set with the quantified optimistic or pessimistic preference of the decision makers. The result showed that in the optimistic scenario, the characteristics of high risk indices like farm land, urban, fault zone, rivers can be obviously detected spatially; in the pessimistic scenario where the degree of reliability for risk indices was decreased, the spatial homogeneity was enhanced on the result layer. Then, three scenarios were built up by the OWA operators, which support three different strategy orientations-urban construction, keeping the present policies and risk control. After defining the suitability sub region, it was found that priority development of small towns should be encouraged in urban construction scenario, while ensuring the land supply for big cities in the risk control scenario. With the assessments, we can describe how to build up the spatial pattern of urbanization after a policy trade-off among different stages of city development, and the results can satisfy the different decisions from the government and various requirements for the layout of construction land from different stakeholders. This study tended to draw a comprehensive conclusion through a combination of inter-scene. Although in a mathematical level, the three policy-perspectives provided by this paper are described as the preference of evaluator's, they are actually a reflection of decision makers' different strategic tendencies and thus are no clear good or bad. This study didn't attempt to select an optimal solution, but tends to describe how to build a spatial pattern of urbanization with policy trade-offs in different stages of urban development, so as to meet the needs of construction land's development under different decisions or layout ideas, with relatively high practical significance. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

基于斑块评价的三峡库区腹地坡耕地优化调控方法与案例研究

The center of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is an ecologically sensitive, economically poorest, and environmentally fragile region,and hence become a research hotspot for many researchers. There is a large amount of cultivated slope land( part of them being abandoned by local farmer) in the region and it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to return the lands with gradient 25° to forests. So,it is necessary to explore the optimization control theory and methods for the slop land with different characteristics in this region. Cultivated slope land optimization should consider the demands of local people' s production and living,and it is also a selection process of the combined efforts of natural resources,geographical accessibility and socio-economic conditions. This paper suggested that the control and optimization scheme should not only combine the spatial distribution pattern and the ecological functions of cultivated slope land,but also consider the current distribution and future trends of sloping farmland. In addition,this paper promoted six principles about how to control and optimize thecultivated slope land,plus the evaluation methods integrating the spatial patternsuitability to quantitatively assess farmers demand pressures. By applying the principles and evaluation,this paper chose Caotangxi watershed,a typical watershed in thecenter of the Three Gorges reservoir area,as a case study. According to the characteristics of the watershed three indices were selected to evaluate the suitability of the system,namely,the accessibility,the ecological functions and the feasibility of changing slope land into terrace. The accessibility means the distance from the settlements roads to the land; the ecological function means the land degradation( the soil erosion) and the distance from water and the large forest patches( that is the distance away from the rivers and ecological sensitive area);while the feasibility from slope land to terrace means the size of the farmland patches,aspect and the slope gradient At the same time,the pressure index of cultivated land and supplementary capability of orchards to farmer's demand were selected as evaluation indexes of the quantity regulation system. Accordingly,the cultivated slope land of the Caotangxi watershed were divided into four types,namely,the optimization utilization type,the key consolidation type,the type of gradually returning( farmland to forest) and the type of preferentially returning,which accounted for 30. 5%,32. 9%,29. 7% and30. 5% respectively. Finally,at the premise of reducing steep inappropriate cultivated land and soil erosion,this paper suggested four returning scenarios without increasing the pressure of cultivated land,based on the distribution of abandoned land of local farmers. The rational and validity were verified according to the indices for these scenarios. The result of this study provides a theoretical basis for the current cultivated slope land optimization as well as a certain guidance to the cultivated slope land regulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的评价方法研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的评价方法 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304280849 作者: 作者单位: 中国海洋大学,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目（201005009） The evaluation method in the impact of intensive sea use on the marine ecological environment Author: Affiliation: Ocean university of China,,,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:集中集约用海是一种相对高效、生态和科学的用海方式，但也不可避免会干扰海洋生态系统，甚至带来海洋环境污染和生态破坏。因此，将集约用海工程对海洋生态环境的影响降到最低，进行集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的科学评价是十分重要的。通过分析集约用海工程对海洋生态系统的影响，提出了集约用海工程对海洋生态环境影响评价的主要内容、思路和流程，从海洋生态系统的非生物因子和生物因子两个方面构建了基于“生境质量”和“生态响应”的集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的评价指标体系。“生境质量”指标反映了集约用海工程影响海域的海洋生物栖息环境质量状况的变化，主要包括水环境、沉积环境和典型物种的生物质量指标，“生态响应”指标反映了集约用海工程影响的海域不同营养级的生物对变化环境的生态响应，它主要包括生物群落结构指标和生态敏感区结构、功能指标。在此基础上，结合我国海洋生态环境监测和评估现状，研究并确定了生态环境影响的各评价因子的权重、标准及评价等级，建立了集约用海对海洋生态环境影响的综合指数法评价模型，通过集约用海工程建设前后生态环境综合指数的变化量ΔE来定量地衡量其对海洋生态环境影响的程度。以期为适宜的集约用海工程规模和科学选址提供技术支撑。 Abstract:The intensive sea use refers to a centralized development mode with multiple marine reclamation projects in a specific area which were uniformly planned and deployed. Compared with traditional extensive marine reclamation, the intensive sea use is relatively more efficient, ecological and scientific, and is also an effective action to promote the coordinative development of society, economy and marine environment. However, the intensive sea use would also inevitably disturb the marine ecosystem, even result in marine environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Therefore, it is very important to minimize and evaluate the impact of the intensive sea use projects on marine ecosystem. In the present study, main content, thought and process of marine ecological impact assessment were stated by analyzing the impacts of the intensive sea use projects on marine ecosystem, and the evaluation index system is constructed based on habitat quality and ecological response from biotic and abiotic factors in marine ecosystem. Habitat quality, including water environment, sedimentary environment and biological quality index of typical species, reflects the changes of marine habitats affected by the intensive sea use. Ecological response, including the biome structure index, the structure and function index of ecological sensitive area, reflects the ecological response of the different trophic levels to environment changes resulted from the intensive use sea. The evaluation index system is well arranged, which can comprehensively and objectively reflect the characteristics, state changes and influence degree of different level subsystems of ecosystem. Connecting with our country's marine environmental monitoring and current assessment, the weight, standard and evaluation grade of ecological impact factors were studied and determined. The model based on comprehensive index method was also established, which may evaluate the impacts of the intensive sea use on marine ecology, and thus determine the suitability of marine engineering proposal using the variation of the sea ecological environment comprehensive index before and after the project construction of the intensive use sea (ΔE). When ΔE > 30%, it implies that marine ecosystem suffers severely impact; when 15% < ΔE≤30%, it suggests that marine ecosystem suffers large impact; when 5% < ΔE≤15%, it suggests that marine ecosystem suffers general impact; and when ΔE≤5%, it indicates that marine ecosystem is slight affected or not affected. Therefore, these results are expected to offer appropriate technological supports for deciding the scales and sites of the intensive marine engineerings, and also provide service for scientific management of the intensive sea use. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Improving visitor management approaches for the changing preferences and behaviours of country park visitors inHongKong

AbstractThis study identified the changing preferences of country park visitors inHongKong and the potential for such changes to have further negative impacts on the ecologically sensitive areas of country parks. A questionnaire was used to collect feedback from 644 country park visitors to understand their preferences and visitation patterns. To investigate visitors’ preferences and behaviours and to develop better visitor management strategies, the survey data were compared with studies conducted 20 years ago. The results showed that the most popular nature‐based activities of 20 years ago, namely, picnicking and barbecuing, have significantly declined in popularity, while other activities, namely, nature studies and nature photography, have surged in popularity in recent years. These changes in visitor preferences have directly increased the negative impacts of visitors on country parks as they dispersed away from the high intensity recreation zones to the ecological sensitive areas. This emerging group of country park visitors has not been fully considered in the existing approach to visitor management and may irreversibly impact the ecological value of country parks. In this study, visitor management inHongKong's country parks was reviewed based on these research findings, and potential improvements were suggested.

Community Involvement in Nature Conservation Eco- Tourism Practices in Chandubi Area

The socioeconomic development of a state depends on the proper, well planned, scientific utilization of natural resources. To harness the vast potentiality of all round of development in rural areas. We have together share, care and preserve with the natural wealth, viz forest, wild life, water bodies like river, wetlands etc. In order to accelerated the development perspective, promotion of ecotourism is the best way, It has not help us to open way for income generating, but also help to propagate the social, cultural and natural heritages in broader sense. Beyond it, ecotourism is helpful to community involvement in nature conservation and to change the environmental arena of an ecological sensitive area. In this paper we are trying to carry out documentation on ecotourism potentiality at Chandubi Beel of South Kamrup. Connected to Assamese myth, legend and mystery, Chandubi Beel may become a tourist heaven all over the world. And also to examine the changing trends of community involvement in nature conservation through tourism practices. In this paper, descriptive and analytical method has been used. We have visited the famous place, meet local people, consulted tour operators and reviewed various books and articles published in news papers and magazines.

Origin Analysis on Farmers’ Housing Environment Adaptability Research in the Northwest Settlement of Dry Oasis Edge

China is one of the world’s largest ecological sensitive areas(ESAs), with the greatest varieties of vulnerable ecological types and the most notable manifestation of ecological vulnerability. In the presented work, features of regional housing environment are analyzed in the northwestern settlements of dry oasis edge through the line of macro bancground. Farmers’ housing spaces are constrained by windy, sandy, hot, dry and eroded environments.Therefore, famers bring about uncertain attitude towards harsh conditions and develop correspondent distributing patterns, structural features, materials and technology in local community. The reason about the lacking adaptability of housing environment is that people doubt the environmental adaptability of these local houses using Generates Technology( low-cost, low power, low-tech) as a result of further deterioration of ecological environment. The work is to explore human’s constructing behavior in the ESAs located in northwest arid oasis edge, expecting to find the way to further research.