Ecological Security Research Research Articles

Ecological Security Pattern based on XGBoost-MCR model: A case study of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

The ecological resistance surfaces (ERS) are a critical component in constructing the Ecological Security Pattern (ESP) and reflects the ecological security level of a region. However, research on optimizing the construction of the ERS is limited. This study focuses on selecting 11 ecological resistance factors from two categories: natural conditions and human activities. Using the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) - MCR (Minimum Cumulative Resistance) algorithm, a comprehensive framework to analyze the ESP in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) is constructed. The results reveal the following key findings: (1) The ecological source areas in the TGRR decrease from northeast to southwest, covering a total area of approximately 12,400 km2, accounting for 21.57% of the total area. (2) The ecological corridors amount to 45, exhibiting spatial distribution patterns that vary across different regions. In the northeast, ecological corridors demonstrate a branching and radial distribution pattern, while in the southwest, they primarily extend along the edges of the study area. Corridors in the central region extend from west to east. (3) The ecological security assessment based on the XGBoost algorithm demonstrates high reliability, as the predicted results align well with the actual conditions in the TGRR. (4) The comprehensive framework of the ESP, based on the XGBoost-MCR model, allows for automatic optimization of algorithm parameters using known environmental samples. The study contributes scientific references to ecological environmental protection in the TGRR, while also offering valuable insights for optimizing ERS construction, ESP development, and integrating machine learning techniques in ecological security research.

Integrated assessment and prediction of ecological security in typical ecologically fragile areas.

In order to safeguard and restore ecological security in ecologically fragile regions, a regionally appropriate land use structure and ecological security pattern should be constructed. Previous ecological security research models for ecologically fragile areas are relatively homogenous, and it is necessary to establish a multi-modeling framework to consider integrated ecological issues. This study proposes a coupled "PLUS-ESI-Circuit Theory" framework for multi-scenario ecological security assessment of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR). Firstly, the PLUS model was used to complete the simulation of four future development scenarios. Secondly, a new ecological security index (ESI) is constructed by synthesizing ecological service function, ecological health, and ecological risk. Finally, the Circuit Theory is applied to construct the ecological security pattern under multiple scenarios, and the optimization strategy of ecological security zoning is proposed. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2030, the NHAR has about 80% of grassland and farmland. The built-up area is consistently growing. (2) Between 2000 and 2030, high ecological security areas are primarily located in Helan Mountain, Liupan Mountain, and the central part of NHAR, while the low ecological security areas are dominated by Shapotou District and Yinchuan City. (3) After 2010, the aggregation of high-security areas decreases, and the fragmentation of patches is obvious. Landscape fragmentation would increase under the economic development (ED) scenario and would be somewhat ameliorated by the ecological protection (EP) and balanced development (BD) scenarios. (4) The number of sources increases but the area decreases from 2000 to 2020. The quantity of ecological elements is on the rise. Ecological restoration and protection of this part of the country will improve its ecological security.

Ecological Security Assessment and Territory Spatial Restoration and Management of Inland River Basin—Based on the Perspective of Production–Living–Ecological Space

Ecological security evaluation and land space governance are effective ways to ensure regional ecological security and realize sustainable development. This study evaluated the ecological security status at the raster scale and conducted research on the restoration and governance of the national territory, with the aim of implementing accurate restoration, reducing ecological restoration costs, and increasing ecological restoration benefits. Taking the typical arid inland river Shule River Basin as an example, this study selected evaluation factors from production, living, and ecological perspectives, obtained the influencing factors of regional ecological security by spatial principal component analysis, and calculated the ecological security index on the grid scale of production, life and ecological space. The macro-scale national parks, ecological protection red line and other realistic constraints are combined with the grid-scale ecological security evaluation results to achieve accurate land space restoration and governance. The results show that the ecological space accounts for 79.23%, and the production space only accounts for 7.47%, which is similar to other inland river basins in arid areas. The study found that per capita GDP and distance to the road have a significant impact on the ecological security of the study area from the perspectives of production and life, while distance to the water, vegetation coverage, and land cover have a significant impact on ecological security from the ecological perspective. Moderate, moderate low and low ecological security zones account for 72.09% of the total area of the basin, indicating that the ecological security guarantee ability of the Shule River Basin is low. The ecological security level of the living space was the lowest, and the ecological security pattern of the basin area as a whole presented a “higher in the north and south and lower in the middle” characteristic. The land restoration and governance of the Shule River Basin area was divided into five types of ecological control, ecological conservation, ecological enhancement, ecological restoration and ecological management, of which the ecological control area accounted for as much as 35.86%, implying that ecological security in the Shule River Basin has attracted sufficient attention from the government. It is considered that the management of production and living space is more difficult, complex and important, and the proportion of space is relatively small, so it is necessary to focus on the comprehensive management project of ecological protection and restoration. However, the ecological endowment conditions of ecological space in the Shule River Basin are relatively poor, and the distribution area is vast, so natural restoration should be given priority, supplemented by artificial restoration. This study provides a reference for regional ecological security evaluation, ecological civilization construction, and national ecological security research and practice.

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Regional Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Influencing Factors—Anhui Province as an Example

The study of water resources carrying capacity is a crucial aspect of water resources ecological security research. To account for the interplay between regional natural conditions and economic and social factors, a natural–economic–social–environmental evaluation index system is established within the framework of water resources. The comprehensive index of water resources carrying capacity in Anhui Province is then calculated using the entropy weight method and CRITIC model. Spatial kernel density and Dagum analysis are employed to analyze the results. The findings indicate that (1) the overall water resources carrying capacity of Anhui Province has exhibited an upward trend from 2003 to 2021, with the overall index of water resources carrying capacity increasing from 0.34 to 0.49. (2) The presence of water resources carrying capacity polarization in Anhui Province is evident, although this trend has been diminishing in recent years. (3) The Gini coefficient of water resources carrying capacity in Anhui Province first increases and then decreases, with the Gini coefficient between groups being more pronounced than the Gini coefficient within groups. (4) Geospatial factors play a significant role in shaping the future spatial distribution of water resources carrying capacity in Anhui Province. Additionally, the interaction of water resources carrying capacity among neighboring areas contributes to the reduction of differences between water resources carrying capacity in different regions in the future.

Effects of urban agglomeration and expansion on landscape connectivity in the river valley region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Urbanization provides benefit to modern civilization, while it also creates a series of ecological issues at different scales. The study of landscape pattern and connectivity change caused by urban agglomeration is the hotspot of regional ecological security research. In this study, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and Patch Importance Index (dPC) were used to evaluate landscape heterogeneity and landscape connectivity in the Huangshui River Valley, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Then the spatial relationship was revealed by bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis and three-dimensional curved surface graph. The results showed that in the past 30 years, urbanization has increased more than 25%, with the decrease of farmland and the fluctuation of natural habitat. Heterogeneity and fragmentation were more obvious in the central region with great urban agglomeration. MSPA revealed significant spatial differences in the interaction between natural habitat and urbanization. The landscape connectivity of natural habitat in the central region was severely damaged by urban agglomeration and was spatially correlated with the landscape pattern index. Three-dimensional surface graph showed that the connectivity of farmland and natural habitat experienced fluctuation to decline trend with the expansion of construction land, which indicating a complex correlation and interaction between different land use types. In order to maintain the integrity of the ecosystem, it was necessary to take effective measures to improve the sustainability of cities and appropriately limit the expansion of urbanization. This study explored the landscape heterogeneity and connectivity from perspectives of the whole landscape, natural habitat, construction land, farmland and their correlation, which provided a theoretical basis for further optimization of urban coordinated ecological management.

The Trade-Offs between Supply and Demand Dynamics of Ecosystem Services in the Bay Areas of Metropolitan Regions: A Case Study in Quanzhou, China

Bay areas are endowed with unique sea and land resources, location advantages, and high environmental carrying capacities. The rapid urbanization process has intensified the demand for limited natural resources, leading to a series of problems in coastal zones such as land use conflicts and the degradation of ecosystem services. Taking Quanzhou, a bay city in a metropolitan region, as an example, this paper established an accounting model of ecosystem services supply and consumption demand based on multisource data (meteorological site data, land use data and statistical data). We estimated the supply capacity and consumption demand of provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services in Quanzhou from 2005 to 2015. In addition, the supply and demand of ecosystem services were simulated for 2030 under different scenarios. The results showed that the supply capacity of ecosystem services in Quanzhou was greater than the demand in general, but the supply-demand difference showed a gradual decrease. The high-value areas of supply capacity were concentrated in the upstream basin in the non-bay area, while the high-value areas of consumption demand were located downstream of the river basin in the bay area. The supply-demand difference in the bay area was negative, indicating that it was in a state of supply-demand imbalance and that the ecological security was under threat. Among the three simulated scenarios in 2030, the balance between supply and demand declined compared with the results of 2015, with the most serious decline in the natural scenario. The method to quantify the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns in supply and demand of ecosystem services could provide a decision-making reference for natural resource management in Quanzhou. This is conducive to the improvement and establishment of urban ecological security research systems, especially in bay areas that are lacking research.

Dynamic analysis of ecological security in central Yunnan province, China from 1990 to 2017

Ecological security is an important content of national and regional security research. The Central Yunnan Province (CYP) has important location factors and social and economic development status, so ecological security research in CYP is quite relevant. For the purpose of our research, we adopted the S-PRD (Ecological Insecurity-Pressure-Regulation-External Driving Force) conceptual model to establish an evaluation index system based on the four subsystems of water, land, atmosphere, and biology to evaluate the ecological security of central Yunnan from 1990 to 2017 and analyse the characteristics of dynamic evolution. We used the grey incidence matrix analysis method to conduct retrospective grey relational evaluation and retrospective grey sensitivity evaluation and analyse the influencing factors of ecological security. The study conclusions showed that the security of the water system has been fluctuating and rising, and has stabilized in the past five years. Both the land system and the biological system have shown an upward trend, but the degree of change was relatively small, and the atmospheric system was stable. The evaluation value of the ecological environment insecurity of the four cities is generally on the rise. The control measures have the greatest impact on ecological insecurity, the second important factor is an external driving force.

Study on the spatial-temporal differences and evolution of ecological security in the typical area of the Loess Plateau.

The development and utilization of energy in the Loess Plateau has caused a wide range of ecological security issues, and Yan'an has become a typical area for ecological security research on the Loess Plateau. Ecological security evaluation research can provide data support and scientific reference value for the sustainable development, which is of great significance to the overall social and economic development of the region. In this study, the pressure-state-response (PSR) model was used to establish the evaluation index system in the evaluation of ecological security in Yan'an region (YAR), then the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to determine the internal index weight of each element, and finally the ecological security index value (ESI) was calculated. The GIS technology was used to simulate the distribution map of ecological security in YAR and then analyzed the temporal and spatial changes and evolution of ecological security in YAR. The results showed that from 1997 to 2016, the ecological security in the western part of Luochuan County and the eastern part of Yanchuan County was still very high, while the ecological security index was relatively low in the southern part of Huanglong County. The ecological security index of Baota District had increased significantly, from 1.85 in 1997 to 2.76 in 2016. The proportion of III and IV ecological security regions had increased significantly, and the ecological security of the entire YAR was generally in a good situation. This study could clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics of ecological security and provided some reference for the study of ecological security evolution in typical regions of the Loess Plateau.

Effects of spatial grain size on different types of cultivated land landscape pattern in fragmented agricultural landscapes based on GF-2 imagery

The landscape pattern of the cultivated land determines the type, number, distribution and the allocation of cultivated land resource, which could provide theoretical basis for ecological security research, provide reference for policy formulation. The high resolution satellite image provides macroscopic, real-time, fine and dynamic data source for the study of cultivated land landscape pattern. The study of spatial grain effects on the different types of cultivated land is an important part of the study of landscape pattern, and also provides a basis for the selection of suitable spatial resolution of remote sensing image. In this study, a concentrated area of cultivated land in the suburban area of Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province was taken as the study area. Based on the analysis of China high spatial resolution GF-2 image, different types of cultivated land in the study area were extracted, including rice, soybean, vegetables, fallow land and greenhouse cultivation. On this basis, a series of landscape pattern indices were used to analyse the effects of spatial grain size on different types of cultivated land landscape pattern characteristics. The Percentage of landscape index (PLAND) of five types of cultivated land in the study area remained stable with the increase of grain size and the Area weighted mean patch fractal index (FRAC_AM) of the five types of cultivated land landscape in the study area changed slightly especially the rice landscape. The Mean patch area (AREA_MN) and Mean nearest neighbour index (ENN_MN) increased in varying degrees with the increase of grain size, while Edge density (ED), Area weighted mean contiguity (CONTIG_AM) and Patch cohesion index (COHESION) decreased in varying degrees with the increase of grain size. Among the five types of cultivated land landscape, the ED and COHESION of soybean and fallow land decreased more obviously with the increase of grain size, and the AREA_MN a and ENN_MN of rice landscape increased most obviously with the increase of grain size.

基于文献计量分析的区域生态安全研究热点与趋势

基于文献计量分析的区域生态安全研究热点与趋势

国内工业生态安全研究述评

国内工业生态安全研究述评

Ecological security research progress in China

In the last two decades, China has experienced extensive economic development and urbanization. The consequential loss and degradation of natural resources and resulting environment pollution may adversely affect human health. As global changes ensue, ecological security becomes one hotspot of researches and practices all over the world. Based on the literature analysis from 1985 to 2012 and bibliometric methods, this paper examines the current research stage, contents and emerging topics of ecological security in China. Ecological security researches in China go through two stages: the conceptual and theoretical framework exploratory stage (1985–1999) and the theory formation and practical development stage (2000–2012). In the exploratory stage, researchers mainly focused upon ecological problems at the global and national level, rather than the local or regional level. Research hotspots involved national security strategy, ecological risk assessment, landscape ecology and ecological balance, all of which were not correlated tightly. During this period, researches concerning ecological security were still exploring the concept of ecological security and tried to form its theoretical framework and technical methods. In the practical stage, researchers examined concepts, spatial patterns, assessments and management systems of ecological security, especially the ecological security assessment index system. During this period, the research methods shifted from conceptual and exploratory qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis, including mathematical models, and digital terrain models, etc.; the research content developed from a theoretical exploration to a case study approach. We also reviewed the historical research of ecological security in China and suggest a research framework involving different research scales, different research objectives, and different research methods. Our statistical findings show that ecological security research on global and regional scales is one topic of increased research activity. From the perspective of research goals, the current focus is biodiversity conservation. Next, from the view of the research subject, environmental science is most frequently studied among domestic researchers on ecological security. The number of published articles concerning ecological security accounts for 40.73% of the total. Finally, in terms of sustentation funds, the fund of the ecological security research is mainly from Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), accounting for 38.01% of the total funds support. A total of 1178 papers were awarded sustentation funds, accounting for 23.83%. Our study summarized the research progress of ecological security assessment, ecological security warning, ecological security maintenance and ecological security patterns. Thus based on these statistic data and analysis, ecological security research in China may be emphasized from the following aspects: (1) to form the theoretical system of ecological security and to integrate the technical methods; (2) to improve ecological security warning mechanisms and environmental monitoring; and (3) to improve ecological security maintenance and management system. In conclusion, we believe ecological security warning and ecological security patterns will be given more attention in the future research. The correlation research will develop from the previously exploratory qualitative research and status analysis to the quantitative research and dynamic warning. At the same time, by using ‘3S’ space technology and combining with the disciplines/professions of geography, environmental science, ecology, landscape ecology, restoration ecology and economics, there may be a stronger establishment of grounded ecological security knowledge. Therefore, the ecological security evaluation index system and grading standards of the evaluation results will be gradually integrated and improved plus the dynamic evaluation, simulation and warning research will be strengthened.

生态安全研究的主题漂移与趋势分析

生态安全研究的主题漂移与趋势分析

Literature Review of Land Ecological Security

This article firstly summarized the main progress and achievements in land ecological security research, which include field, object, driving factors and evaluation method. Secondly, it pointed out some problems and put forward that special attention should be paid to following trend in the future study of land ecological security. And finally, the purpose of the article is to further improve people's understanding and attention of land ecological security and to provide a scientific basis for the further research of land ecological security.

The Ecological Security Research of the Northern Slope of Qinling Mountains Based on the DPSIR Model

Since the formal implementation of the Qinling Mountains protection strategy, the environmental protection of the Qinling Mountains has been gradually paid much attention by the government and other research institutions. Therefore, from different angles, to study the protection of the ecological environment of Qinling Mountains is currently becoming a hot spot of academic research. This paper takes the Northern slope of Qinling Mountains which have four administrative districts, and selected the DPSIR Model to analyze the ecological security index of the four districts to study the human activities impact on these areas, and chose the 2009 and 2013 economics and environmental data to establish the DPSIR Model. The results showed that with the sustainable development and environmental protection, the human activates have the positive influence on the Qinling Mountains. The conclusions include: (1)From 2009 to 2013, the ecological security index of four districts in the Northern slope of Qinling Mountains showed an increase tendency. (2)The ESI of Chang’an remained the safe status, Zhouzhi and Lantian remained the relatively unsafe status, but the ecological security level turned to relatively safe in Huxian. (3)Depends on the ESI study from 2009 to 2013, it showed that the human activities, especially the positive activities can upgrade the ESI level in the Northern slope of Qinling Mountains.

Ecological Security Research of the Northern Slope of Qinling Mountains under the Impact of Tourism Activities

The ecological security of the piedmont area has been a focus in the research of mountain ecosystem. However, with the development of the urbanization, the research of mountain ecological security under the impact of human activities, especially in the city which near the mountain, the research of protection and development of piedmont area seems not updated enough. Therefore, this paper selected Northern slope of Qinling Mountains in Xi’an, and made tourism activities the major driving factor for ecological security of tourism environment in piedmont area, thus establishing an ecological security evaluation system of piedmont tourism environment, based on DPSIR Model. The result showed that tourism development would enhance the ecological security level of regional tourism environment, and tourism activities would exert positive impact on regional tourism environment. The conclusions include: (1) Before 2007, the tourist environment of Huxian had been in an unsafe state, but in 2013, the ecological security level was largely raised; (2)The tourism ecological security in Chang’an is higher than that in Huxian District, and the ecological security level had already got into the safe state level

Yunnan Haba Snow Mountain Ecological Safety Evaluation Based on the Landscape Ecological Pattern

Land ecological security research has gradually become concerned field on global. Using on the Haba Snow Mountain as an example try to discuss the evaluation of ecological security based on change of the landscape ecological pattern in the paper. In GIS, RS and GPS support and accordance with the principles of landscape ecology and using new grid map method has been 1993 and 2006 Haba Snow Mountain ecological safety evaluation and space differentiation. There are temperate coniferous forest, grassland, sclerophyll broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forest, water area, residential land, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, ice and snow land nine landscape types, and temperate coniferous forest and grassland are dominant landscape in the study area, both area has accounted about 67% of the total area. The results show that from 1993 to 2006 the whole landscape pattern has changed less in the area. Land ecological security level space differentiation is very obvious. Ecological security level high altitude area is superior to low altitude area, the core area is superior to the edge area, north area is superior to the southern area. Land ecological security in the study area whole is in good level. From 1993 to 2006 years land ecological security level has declined in the area. Research on ecological safety planning to provide basis for ecological safety planning and for similar high mountain canyon area also has reference value.

国内生态安全研究的知识图谱——基于Citespace的计量分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 国内生态安全研究知识图谱——基于Citespace的计量分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201211081566 作者: 作者单位: 大连理工大学管理与经济学部,大连理工大学管理与经济学部,大连理工大学管理与经济学部 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（71320107006，71373035）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（DUT13RW419） The knowledge mapping of domestic ecological security research：bibliometric analysis based on citespace Author: Affiliation: Faculty of Management and Economics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Faculty of Management and Economics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Faculty of Management and Economics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以CSSCI中2000-2011年299篇生态安全研究论文为研究对象，采用文献共被引网络、关键词共现网络及突现词分析，以信息可视化为手段，对国内生态安全研究现状进行了分析。研究发现，目前国内生态安全研究已完成了基础理论和研究体系的架构，但研究网络过于集中，前沿分支较少。生态安全研究起源、生态安全基础理论、生态风险评价、生态系统评价、土地生态安全研究是国内生态安全研究的主要知识群组。国内生态安全研究主题集聚成3条核心路径：“生态安全基础理论研究”路径、“生态安全-生态系统评价-区域生态安全评价-生态预警”路径、“生态安全-生态风险评价-农村资源生态系统-土地生态安全研究-生态预警”路径。生态预警及土地生态安全研究成为当前生态安全的研究前沿，生态安全研究更趋向于对特色性的生态系统进行分析与评价。 Abstract:Research into ecological security has aroused the widespread attention of scholars. The many differences in ecosystem type, number, spatial distribution and ecological evolutionary process has caused domestic scholars to be continuously innovating. In recent years, alongside enhancements to the basic theory and improvement in research systems, ecological security research has formed different research centers and broken new frontiers. This paper synthesizes information visualization methods, bibliometric methods and data mining algorithms and visualizes the development process and structural relationship of ecological security research using the information visualization analysis software, Citespace II. The research uses data from 299 articles about "ecological security" in the CSSCI database during 2000-2011. Using the co-citation network analysis and burst detection, we analyze the domestic research status of the ecological security research field.The results reveal that domestic research falls into categories of basis theories and system construction: the study of the origin of ecological security; ecological security basic theory; ecological risk assessment; ecological system assessment; and land ecological security, which form the main knowledge groups of domestic ecological security research. The ecological security co-citation network provides visual displays of the evolution path among the knowledge groups of ecological security research. This indicates that ecological security research formed the evolution of knowledge and theory, reflecting the coherence and extension of ecological security research. In short, "the study of the origin of ecological security" is at the edge of the network, showing some independence and is less associated with the follow-up study. "Ecological security basic theory" is in the network center and shows the basis theories of ecological security research. This shows a close correlation with the surrounding; "ecological risk assessment" and "ecological system assessment" which are closely linked to "ecological security basis theory". These are extended theories and the frontier branch of "ecological security basis theory". "Land ecological security" is the frontier branch of "ecological risk assessment". It has developed "ecological risk assessment" research and has provided the practical application of those theories. But the co-citation network also indicates that these research networks tend to be more centralized and have poor extension ability. Domestic ecological security research themes cluster into three core evolution routes: "the basic theoretical research of the ecological security". It indicates that ecological security research has gradually developed the basic theories and expanded ecological security concepts; "ecological security, ecosystem assessment, the regional ecological security assessment, ecological security alarm". It indicates that research topics begin with macro research into common eco-system assessment, which is then refined for the regional eco-system assessment; "ecological security, ecological risk assessment, rural resources ecosystem assessment, land ecological security, ecological security alarm". It indicates that ecological security research has been refined and applied to agro-ecosystems assessment. "Ecological security alert" and "land ecological security" are the current research frontiers. Ecological security research will be more likely to analyze and assess special ecological systems and further strengthen ecosystem scales and functional classification. Ecological security research will tend to create a dynamic, diverse ecosystem and strengthen research in ecosystem evolution and related research in the economy, human activity and ecosystems. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

基于变权-物元分析模型的老工业基地区域生态安全动态预警研究—以吉林省为例

生态安全预警是生态安全研究的重要内容，对维护区域生态安全具有重要的意义。老工业基地区域生态安全预警研究具有一定的特殊性和典型性，选取吉林省为研究区，基于压力、状态、响应（P-S-R）和生态、环境、经济、社会（E-E-E-S）框架模型构建生态安全预警指标体系，运用变权-物元分析模型对1991—2011年吉林省区域生态安全的预警等级进行了测度，并结合灰色系统GM（1，1）预测模型对2015年、2020年区域生态安全态势进行预测预警。研究结果表明：（1）1991--2011年，吉林省生态安全总体水平呈逐步上升的趋势，区域生态安全预警等级从“巨警”上升为“轻警”，指示灯由“红色预警”逐步变为“蓝色预警”；（2）2015年，吉林省的生态安全预警等级属于“轻警”，指示灯为“蓝色预警”，到2020年，吉林省的生态安全预警等级属于“无警”，指示灯为“绿色预警”，但具有向“轻警”变化的态势；（3）制约吉林省生态安全水平提升的主要因素包括单位面积耕地化肥负荷量、城镇化、人均水资源量、GDP增长率、第一产业占GDP比重等，这些因素应是今后生态环境保护调控的重点，本研究为吉林省经济一生态．社会可持续发展提供参考。

风速和持续时间对树麻雀能量收支的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 风速和持续时间对树麻雀能量收支的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304220776 作者: 作者单位: 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,东北林业大学野生动物资源学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费支持项目(DL12EA04);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31070345,30670350) The energy budget of tree sparrows Passer montanus in wind different speed and duration Author: Affiliation: College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:风是自然环境中常见的因子之一,会对动物的行为以及能量收支产生不同程度的影响。为探讨不同风速和持续时间对树麻雀能量收支的影响,以3种风速(0.2-0.4、1.2-1.4、3.2-3.6 m/s)和3种持续时间(1、2、4 h)的9组树麻雀进行为期1周的不同风环境驯化,测定其体重、体温和摄食量、摄水量、排泄粪量、排泄次数、摄入能、排泄粪能、排出水热能散失、消化能、同化能并计算消化率和同化率。去除初体重影响和双因素分析的结果发现,摄水量(排出水量)和排出水热能散失随着风速增大而显著减少(P < 0.001);持续时间与树麻雀的摄入能、粪能和散热调节的次数显著相关(P < 0.01),其能量收支最高和散热调节次数最多为2 h,最低(少)为4 h;双因素交互作用对树麻雀能量收支的影响不显著。3级风速(4 m/s)和持续时间4 h以内的风环境不会对树麻雀的能量收支产生显著影响。 Abstract:Wind, a common factor in the natural environment, affects the behavior and energy budgets of different small bird species in various ways. The present study examines the correlation between wind speed and duration on the energy budgets of Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus). Ninety adult P. montanus were live-trapped by mist nets in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China (47° 29' N, 124° 02' E) from November to December 2012. After adapting to captivity for one week at Northeast Forestry University's Wildlife Conservation Medicine and Ecological Security Research Center, they were randomly assigned to one of nine groups, which were exposed to winds of different speeds (0.2-0.4, 1.2-1.4, 3.2-3.6 m/s) and durations (1, 2, 4 h/d) for one week in otherwise constant laboratory conditions, such as available food, temperature ((21.0±1.0) ℃) and natural light cycle photoperiod. Each group of birds inhabited the same birdcage living space, including two feeders and a water source, which provided unlimited food and water. The wind direction was set to blow from the feeder location in the birdcage to ensure that the birds could forage while facing windward. Winds of different speeds were created by electric fans at varied distances from each birdcage; an anemometer and a timer were used to measure wind speed and duration, respectively. Isolation measures were taken to ensure the experiments for each group did not interfere with the effects of wind on other groups. The body mass of each bird (BS210S balance, Sartorius Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) was measured to 0.01 g immediately after grouping and measured again at weekly intervals over the period of wind acclimation and testing. Body temperature was measured every day to 0.10 ℃, during which there was no wind. Food, water intake and fecal discharge frequency were recorded once a day. Meanwhile, food residues and feces were collected on a daily basis during the experiment and their caloric content was determined using an oxygen bomb calorimeter (GR-3500, Guangdong Instrument Corp., Guangdong, China). After acclimation, we found the body mass and body temperature of P. montanus exhibited no significant changes with variations in wind speed and duration. The energy budgets were significantly different between the nine experimental groups, including significant differences in the mass of food and water intake, energy intake, cooling energy of water discharged, digestible energy and assimilation energy (P < 0.01), and the fecal discharge frequency, fecal mass and energy (P < 0.05). Each unit of cooling energy of water discharge, digestion rate and assimilation rate showed no obvious change with different wind conditions (P > 0.05). The energy budgets among groups were remarkably different without considering the effects of initial body weight. In this paper, as wind speed increased, water intake and cooling energy of water discharge in this species declined proportionally (P < 0.001). Variations in wind duration resulted in significant differences in energy intake, fecal energy and discharge frequency (P < 0.01) for wind durations of 2 or 4 h. However, the final consequence of wind speed and duration created no significant differences in the energy budgets of P. montanus under different experimental conditions, after the effects of initial body mass were eliminated, which was based on double-factorial analysis of variance on the combined action of wind speed and duration. To summarize, the wind environment of this study's setting, which simulated common local conditions, had no significant effect on the energy budget in P. montanus. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献